高考英语阅读试题的命题方向与试题设计

高考英语阅读试题的命题方向与试题设计主旨大义 事实细节 推理判断 推断词义 文章结构作者的态度和意图一表层理解试题的命题方向采用多线诘问法，而不全是单线诘问法。必须全文把握。肯定性多线诘问法1According to the author, which of the following statements is true? 2Which of the following describes a well-designed tool? 3Which of the following is most probably written in informal English?4Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts? 5Choose the correct statements from the following according to the passage. 6How many reasons are mentioned for a visit to lighthouse? 否定性多线诘问法Which of the following is NOT mentioned.?All the following .EXCEPT.?对于这种诘问法，考生一般会有三种错误。一是审题失误，二是答题失忆，三是正误失判。审题错误反映考生对EXCEPT或NOT没注意或没看清楚或没反应过来！答题失忆则说明考生在答题过程中，特别是在文中找细节时（重读）忘记了题目的原意！正误失判则表明考生对正确选项和肯定选项不能很好地和很清楚地区分开来。请参看以下问题设计。1The British try to solve the problem of queuing by all the following EXCEPT _.2 All the following are included in the price of 299 EXCEPT _.3Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? 4Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage？5Which of the following CANNOT be true according to the passage?二深层理解试题的命题方向主要检测考生理解文章主旨要义、简单的推理判断、根据上下文推断词义、理解文章结构以及理解作者的意图和态度等五个方面的能力。文章主旨要义题的一般设计最佳标题法：即直接诘问最佳标题，这要求考生必须对全文有高度的概括并可以通过该标题回顾文章主题。例如：1What might be the most suitable title for the text?（05皖-63）2Which of the following would be the best title for the text? （05国3-41）3What might be the most suitable title for the text?（05浙-56）全文主旨法：即诘问文章主题内容，这也要求考生有一定抽象思维的能力，并能恰倒好处地把握全文。例如：1The text is mainly about _ .（05国3-54）2What does this passage mainly talk about?（05渝-71）3The passage mainly tells us about _ in UK.（05沪-79）段落要义法：即就某一段落诘问考生以检测考生对段落的把握能力。1What does the last paragraph mainly discuss?（05浙-60）2We can learn from the last paragraph that_.（05浙-55）3In the last paragraph, the writer implies that there is a long way to go _ .（05鄂-71）推理判断题的一般设计考生通过对一篇文章的阅读后应该可以根据文章的脉络、语气、事实细节、逻辑等做出一般性的简单的推理判断。可以说，只要把文章认真看过并且读懂，一般的推理题对于考生而言不算太难。不过，各位考生要特别留意字里行间，并对命题人的一般诘问方式有所体会。全文推断1It can be inferred from the text that _.（05皖-61）2We may infer from the text that the criminal knows how to reach the car owners because _ .（05国3-53）3What can be inferred from the passage?（05渝-58）4From the passage, we can conclude that _.（05辽-59）5According to the text, the Sierra Club is most likely to be _.（05鲁-68）6We may conclude from the passage that _.（05津-55）段落推断1We learn from paragraph 1 that_ .（05国3-58）单句推断1What can we infer from the sentence “But has the world changed?” in the second paragraph? 事例推断1From the second example we can infer that the parents of the two daughters _.2Kristen felt sad and cried because _.（05粤-58）来源推断1The two letters most probably appear in a _.（05湘-71）文脉推断1What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write?（05苏-75）2What information will probably be provided following the last paragraph?（05沪-75）对象推断1The intended readers of the passage are_.（05沪-73）词义推断题的一般设计可能词义法1The underlined word “survey” in the first paragraph most probably means _.（05皖-56）肯定词义法1The underlined word “detour” in paragraph 5 means _.（05国1-61）2The underlined phrase “out-of-the-way” in Paragraph 4 means _.（05渝-68）最佳词义法1The word “satiated” in paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “_”.（05沪-76）2The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “_”.（05沪-70）文章结构题的一般设计文章结构题检测的是考生对文章的结构把握能力。通常有两种设计。一是指代诘问法，是考查考生对文章中指示代词对前文或后文的指代的判断能力。二是组织结构法，是考查考生对文章的结构与组织形式的判断能力。指代诘问法1The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to _.（05皖-72）2The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to _ .（05国3-52）3The underlined word “they” (paragraph1) refers to_.（05浙-53）4The underlined word “these” in Paragraph 2 refers to “_”.（05鄂-64）5We learn from the text that “the honest ones” in the fourth paragraph most probably refers to colleges_.（05鲁-59）组织结构法1How is the text organized?（05浙-52）2The example of the little boy is used to show that _.（05京-72）3Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?（05苏-72）作者的态度和意图题的一般设计我们读过一篇文章后必然要对作者的意图和态度有一个清晰的概念。这种能力也是高考考生所必须掌握的能力。理解作者的意图和态度的试题设计一般有两种。诘问作者意图或态度1What is the authors opinion about the sudden change in teenage children?（05皖-75）2Which point of vie