2014高考英语分类基础热身练单词9.doc

2014高考英语分类基础热身练：单词基础自主回顾.课标单词1_(v.)追逐，追赶，追踪2_(v.)谋杀3_(v.)对照4_(n.)害怕，恐惧5_(adj.)完全相同的，同一的6_(v.)治愈7_(adj.)假想的，虚构的8_(adj.)难以置信的9_(adj.)可选择的chasemurdercontrastfearidenticalcureimaginaryincredibleoptional10_(adj.)最适应的11_(n.)嫌疑人12_(v.)吸收13_(n.)样本14_(v.)(问题、困难等)发生，出现15_(v.)使惊恐，使受惊吓_(adj.)恐惧的_(n.)恐怖_(n.)恐怖分子16. _(v.)使觉得恶心；使厌烦_(adj.)令人厌烦的_(adj.)恶心的flexiblesuspectabsorbsampleariseterrifyterrifiedterrorterroristdisgustdisgustingdisgusted17. _(n.)感情；情绪_(adj.)易动感情的18. _(v.)呼吸_(n.)呼吸19. _(adj.)有益的，有用的_(n.&v.)好处，有益20. _(v.)抵抗_(n.)21. _(v.)分析_(n.)22. _(n.)暴力_(adj.)暴力的emotionemotionalbreathebreathbeneficialbenefitresistresistanceanalyseanalysisviolenceviolent.常用短语1_与形成对照2_扑倒在上3_把当成对待4_和一样，与一致5_使复活6_摆脱控制7_(火)燃尽，烧完自灭8_一再，屡次contrast withthrow oneself on.treat.as.(be)identical tobring.back to lifeget out of controlburn outagain and again9_依靠，信赖10_如下11_据我们所知12_分解rely onas followsas far as we knowbreak down.重点句型1_on a cold November night _ I saw my creation for the first time.那是一个寒冷的十一月份的晚上，我第一次看到了我的“杰作”。答案：It was；that2I wish I _this creature，.但愿我没有制造出这个家伙，答案：had not created3I woke, _ with fear.我吓醒了，浑身战栗着。答案：shaking.模块语法1. I have lost one of my gloves, I_it somewhere.A. must drop B. must have droppedC. must be dropping D. must have been dropped答案与解析：B从时态上看，“丢手套”的动作已经发生，属过去的动作，可首先排除A、C两项；从语态上看应属主动语态，再排除D项。musthave过去分词这种结构表示对过去情况的推测，符合题意。1. _fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A. Would you be B. Should you beC. Could you be D. Might you be答案与解析：B本题考查虚拟语气，题意为“如果你被炒了，你的医疗保险和其他利益并不会立即取消。”与将来事实相反的假设，从句用should you be。2. I wish I _ to talk this over with Mr. Zhang when he was here last night.A. had been able B. should be ableC. have been able D. were able答案：A3. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier.A. will be B. would have beenC. could have been D. would be答案：D4. He acts as if he _ the truth of the matter.A. knows B. knewC. has known D. had known答案：B5. The teacher ordered that the exam _ before ten.A. must finish B. would be finishedC. be finished D. must be finished答案：C考点探究解密考 点 解 读1contrast vt.使与对比，使与对照vt.和形成对照n.对比，对照，(对照中的)差异精讲拓展：be a contrast to和成对比by contrast with 和成对照；和比起来gain by contrast对比之下显出优点in contrast with/to和形成对比(对照)form/present a striking contrast to和成显著的对比contrast finely with和对比起来更加鲜明by contrast与相反；相比之下contrasty adj.明暗差别强烈的contrastive adj.对比的误区警示：by contrast中contrast前无冠词。朗文在线：Their old house had been large and spacious; by contrast the new London flat seemed cramped and dark.他们的老房子又大又宽敞，相比之下，伦敦的那套新公寓又窄又暗。Mary was short and plump, in contrast to her mother who was tall and willowy.玛丽又矮又胖，相比之下她母亲却高挑婀娜。The snow was icy and white, contrasting with the brilliant blue sky.雪冰冷洁白，与明媚的蓝天形成对照。命题方向：contrast用作名词和动词所构成的各种句型。活学巧练：完成句子或汉译英(1)The article_(对比)generosity with greed.(2)Her actions and her promises_(相去甚远)sharply.(3)His white hair was_ sharp_(与对比)his dark skin.(4)The white walls make a_(对照)with the black carpet.contrastscontrastedin. contrast tocontrast(5)东西方文化之间存在着明显的差异。_(6)你今天的成果与上周截然不同。_答案： (5)There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of East and West.(6)The work you did today is quite a contrast to what you did last week.2beneficial adj.有益处的，有帮助的精讲拓展：be beneficial to对有好处benefit v受益benefit from/by从中受益benefit n利益，好处for the benefit of为了的利益be of benefit to sb.对某人有好处误区警示：benefit做动词时，无被动语态。朗文在线：She has had the benefit of a firstclass education.她获益于受过一流教育。I can see the advantages of this for you, but how will I benefit?我能看出这件事对你有益，可是我能得到什么好处呢？Fresh air and good food are beneficial to the health.新鲜空气和优良食物有益于健康。I hope your holiday will be beneficial.我希望你的假期会对你有益。I benefited enormously from my teachers advice.我从老师的忠告中获益颇多。活学巧练：汉译英(1)新信用卡将会为我们的顾客带来很多好处。_(2)千千万万的人受益于这种新的疗法。_答案：(1)The new credit card will be of great benefit to our customers.(2)Many thousands have benefited from the new treatment.单项填空(3)Exercise is_to good health.Abeneficial BaccessibleCimpersonal Dof no use答案与解析：A句意：锻炼对健康有益。beneficial有“有益的”；accessible“易接近的，易得到的”；impersonal“非个人的，非人力的”。3disgust vi.令人厌恶，令人反感；vt.使作呕，使厌烦；n.厌恶，嫌恶精讲拓展：with disgust反感地，厌恶地in disgust愤愤地(much) to ones disgust令某人(非常)气愤的是be disgusted to find/hear/see发现/听到/看到很气愤be disgusted at/by/with sth.讨厌或唾弃某物，对作呕disgusting adj.令人厌恶的活学巧练：完成/翻译句子(1)Everybody except Joe looked at me _.除了乔以外，大家都反感地看着我。(2)Sam threw his books down _ and stormed out of the room.萨姆愤愤地把书扔下，气冲冲地冲出房间。(3)I _ see the picture on Page One of Sundays feature section.看到周日的特写专栏第一页上的照片，我感到很气愤。with disgustin disgustwas disgusted to(4)坏了的鱼发出令人作呕的气味。_(5)The amount of violence contained in “Children Shows”disgusted many parents._答案：(4)The bad fish had a disgusting smell.(5)含有大量暴力内容的“儿童节目”使很多家长感到气愤。4resist v抗拒，对抗，抵抗，忍住(一般用否定式)；抗(酸)，耐(热)等精讲拓展：resist后接名词、代词或动名词，其后不接不定式。resist heat耐热resist the temptation经得起诱惑resist arrest拒捕resist doing sth.反对做某事cant resist doing sth.禁不住做resistant adj.对有抵抗力的，抵制的，反抗的，抗拒的be resistant to对有抵抗力resistance n反抗(对)；抵抗(制)make some (no) resistance进行(不)抵抗误区警示：resist后接名词或动名词。朗文在线：They are determined to resist pressure to change the law.他们决心顶住要求改革法律的压力。He tried to pin me down, but I resisted.他试图制服我，但我奋力反抗。I found the temptation to miss the class too hard to resist.我抵挡不住逃课的诱惑。I couldnt resist sneaking a look at her diary.我忍不住偷看一眼她的日记。She resisted the temptation to tell him what she really thought.她克制住自己，没有把真实想法告诉他。活学巧练：Although a teenager, Fred could resist _ what to do and what not to do.A. telling B. being toldC. to tell D. to be told答案与解析：Bresist doing sth.表示“抵制干某事”，题中用了被动。句意：尽管弗瑞德才十几岁，但他也会反抗别人指令。5cure v治愈，治疗n.治愈，痊愈精讲拓展：beyond cure不可救药cure sb. of a disease治愈某人的疾病cured adj.治愈的curer n治疗者；治疗器cureless adj.无法医好的，无法医治的，不能救济的误区警示：cure在表示“治愈”疾病时，既可用to cure a patient 治愈病人/cure a cold治愈感冒，也可用cure sb. of a disease治愈某人的疾病。朗文在线：When I left hospital, I was completely cured.出院时我已完全痊愈了。Attempts to cure unemployment have so far failed.到目前为止，解决失业的种种努力都失败了。Even whisky could not cure him of his anxieties.连威士忌也不能消除他的忧虑。命题方向：cure作动词的用法以及用作名词构成的各种句型。活学巧练：汉译英(1)那位医生使许多患这种病的人恢复了健康。_(2)这个病人的心脏病三年前就治好了。_答案：(1)The doctor has cured many people of such a disease.(2)The patient was cured of his heart disease three years ago.6control n控制，支配；管理vt.控制，支配；管理(物价等)，操纵，抑制He was in control of the car.精讲拓展：be in/under control of sth.控制/掌握某事get/be out of control失去控制；不受控制bring.under control把控制住control oneself/ones feelings控制住自己lose control of失去控制误区警示：in control of表示主语控制of的宾语，in the control of表示主语被of的宾语控制。类似短语in charge of/in the charge of掌管控制/被掌管控制in possession of/in the possession of拥有/被拥有朗文在线：The street party went on, getting louder and louder and was out of control.街头聚会还在继续，声音越来越大而且无法控制。The government has been overthrown and the country is now under the control of the military.政府被推翻了，现在整个国家都在军队的控制之下。Firefighters now have had the blaze under control.消防队员已经使火势得到了控制。活学巧练：(1)This handle_(调节)the flow of electricity.(2)_(克制)yourself; dont get angry.(3)You must_ your spending_(节制)(4)She managed to_(控制)her car on the ice.controlsControlgetunder controlkeep control of(5)All the city was _ the enemy.A. under control of B. under the control ofC. in control of D. beyond control of答案与解析：Bunder the control of“在的控制下”。句意：整座城市都被敌人控制了。7burn out熄灭，烧完The fire burnt out.烟火熄灭了。精讲拓展：burn away烧毁，烧掉(逐渐)熄灭burn up烧掉，烧光，发烧burn.to the ground把烧成平地burn down烧毁，烧光，烧尽词语辨析：burn out, burn up, burn down与burn awayburn out的英文释义是“make hollow by fire”，因为out表示“from the inside of”，故此词组指要“内部全部烧毁”。burn up的英文释义是“destroy completely by fire”，因为up表示“completely”，同eat up中的up。burn down的英文释义是“destroy by fire”，因为down表示倒下。burn away的英文释义是“destroy or be destroyed by burning”。朗文在线：When you burn out，you lose enthusiasm. I always loved computers.All of a sudden I just didnt care.一个人失去了兴趣，便失去了热心，我向来热爱电脑，突然间我却一点也不在乎。The short circuit burned out the fuse.短路烧坏了导线。Hours are long，stress is high，and many recruits drop out or burn out.时间长，压力大，许多新会员已弃权或疲倦不堪。Violent fires soon burn out.野火烧不尽，春风吹又生。The fire that I love about you，Rose，that fire is going to burn out.但我爱的那团火，露丝，迟早会熄灭的。活学巧练：(1)The room grew colder as the fire_(减弱)(2)Dont leave the gas onyou might_ the house_(烧掉)(3)The hotel was completely_(烧毁)(4)Put more wood on a fire to make it_(烧旺)burnt downburn.downburnt outburn up8break down分解；出故障；遭受挫折精讲拓展：break up分解；拆散，驱散break in闯入；打岔break out(战争等)爆发break into强行闯入break off折断，中断，挣脱的束缚break through突破break away(from sb./sth.)挣脱开而逃走；与断绝关系朗文在线：The elevators in this building are always breaking down.这幢楼里的电梯总出故障。Peace talks have broken down over the question of reparations.和谈因战后赔款问题而破裂。Itll be difficult to break down their prejudices about lesbians.很难改变他们对女同性恋者的固有偏见。命题方向：break与不同副词构成的短语动词的用法，及相互间语义的辨析。活学巧练：(1)Chemicals in the body_ our food_(分解)into useful substances.(2)The peace talks_(失败)without reaching any agreement.(3)Thieves_(闯进)last night and stole jewelry.(4)He kept_(打岔)with silly questions.break.downbroke downbroke inbreaking in(5)(2010广东深圳中学)If Tim keeps working like this, his health will _ sooner or later.A. break down B. give inC. get down D. put down答案与解析：A句意：如果Tim继续这样工作的话，他的健康早晚会垮掉的。break down在此表示“(人身体)出毛病，垮掉”；give in为“屈服”；get down to doing sth.“着手干某事”；put down“写下；镇压”。9虚拟语气与真实语气相反，它表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。1虚拟语气用于条件状语从句2.使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：(1)虚拟条件句中状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If you had listened to my advice just now, you would_be better now.(从句行为发生在过去，主句发生于现在)如果刚才你听我的建议，现在你会好得多。(2)if省略句在条件从句中，可省略if，把were(had, should等)提到句首，变为倒装句式。Were I at school again, I would study harder.如果我能再回到学校，我会更加努力学习。Had you come earlier, you would have caught the bus.如果来得早一点，你就能赶上车了。若省略的条件从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。如：我们可以说：Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.但不能说：Werent it for the expense, I would go abroad now.(3)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with, without, but for等。What would you do with a million dollars?如果你有百万英镑你会怎么办？We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(if_we_hadnt_got_your_help)没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成工作。But for the rain(If_it_hadnt_been_for_the_rain),_we would have finished the work.如果不是下雨，我们就已经完成工作了。(4)含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。I was ill that day. Otherwise,_I would have taken part in the sports meet.(副词)A man who_stopped_drinking_water would be dead in about seven days.(定语从句)I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.(连词)Everything_taken_into_consideration,_they would have raised their output quickly.(独立主格结构)活学巧练：(1)_fired, your health care and other benefits would not be immediately cut off.AWould you be BShould you beCCould you be DMight you be(2)If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock.What a pity! Tina_here to see you.Ais BwasCwould Dhas been(3)If I_plan to do anything I wanted to, Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.Awould BcouldChad to Dought to(4)If it were not for the fact that she_sing, I would invite her to the party.Acouldnt BshouldntCcant Dmight not(5)If I were you, I_study harder.Ashall BwillCwould Dmay答案：(1)B(2)B(3)B(4)C(5)C10强调句型结构形式：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他。(1)强调的人或物不管是单数还是复数，该结构一律用it，be动词根据it确定为单数形式。it无词义，不可换用this，that。例如：误It were Tom and Jim that/who won the race.正It was Tom and Jim that/who won the race.(2)强调句是现在或将来时，则be动词用is；若是过去时，则be动词用was。(3)强调人，引导词用who，whom，that。强调其他均用that。翻译时常加上“正是，就是”以突出强调意义。误It was in 2003 when the Iraqi War broke out.正It was in 2003 that the Iraqi War broke out.(强调句)正It was 2003 when the Iraqi War broke out.(it为时间，when引导时间状语从句)判断是否为强调句的标志是：把强调结构“Itbe.that.”去掉，句子仍然成立，就是强调句，否则不是。(4)强调原因状语从句时，该从句必须由because引导，因为because表示的语气最强烈。(5)强调not.until句型的时间状语时，要把not与until放在一起。not until置于句首时主句须部分倒装。误It was until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts didnt begin.正It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous star.Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.No until yesterday did we know that Saddam had been seized.例如：It was neither you nor he that was willing to go to the Great Wall.It is he as well as his friends who has ever been to Suzhou.(6)强调句的句型变化。be动词或情态动词置于句首构成一般疑问句。Was it during the Iraqi War that he died?Was it in the park that you met him?特殊疑问词be或情态动词itthat.？构成特殊疑问句。When could it be that he went to our city?What was it that prevent him from coming in time?否定疑问句需在主句上进行变化。Couldnt it be by plane that he went to France?强调句型的反意疑问句须和主句一致。It was at nine last night that I knew the news, wasnt it?强调句的主谓一致。It is they who often help me with my maths.It was these books that they bought yesterday.若强调句在整个复合句中作宾语，强调句需用陈述语序。He told me that it was Lily who was standing there reading.考 题 演 练1.(2009辽宁卷)Its the first time that he has been to Australia, _？A. isnt he B. hasnt heC. isnt it D. hasnt it答案与解析：C句意：这是他第一次去澳大利亚，是吗？该句主语和谓语动词分别是it和is，所以反意疑问部分用isnt it。2(2009福建卷)But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A. would not win B. would not have wonC. would win D. would have won答案与解析：B由介词短语but for引起的介词短语在句子中作状语时，其句子的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。此处表示与过去事实相反，故用would have done形式。3(2009浙江卷)Ive read another book this week.Well, maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.A. this B. thatC. there D. it答案与解析：D分析答语句子结构可知此处构成It is.that.强调句型，被强调部分是not how much you read but what you read。4(2009全国)They use computers to keep the traffic _ smoothly.A. being run B. runC. to run D. running答案与解析：D句意：他们用电脑使交通运行顺畅。keep宾语宾补，此处traffic与run之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾补。5(2008江西卷)What a pity！Considering his ability and experience, he _better.A. need have done B. must have doneC. can have done D. might have done答案与解析：D句意：太遗憾了！鉴于他的能力和经验，他本可能做得更好。A项“本来有必要做(而没做)”；B项是对过去发生的事情的肯定的推测，表示“过去一定做了”；C项是对过去发生的事情的不肯定的推测；D项表示“本来可以”。6(2008天津卷)She _ have left school, for her bike is still here.A. cant B. wouldntC. shouldnt D. neednt答案与解析：A句意：她不可能离开了学校，因为她的自行车仍然在这儿。cant表示不可能；wouldnt have done表虚拟；shouldnt have done本不该做(却已做了)；neednt have done本没必要做(但已做了)。7(2008安徽卷)Dont be so discouraged. If you _ such feelings, you will do better next time.A. carry on B. get backC. break down D. put away答案与解析：DA项“开展，进行”；B项“取回，拿回”；C项“分解，崩溃”；D项“收拾起来”。8(2008重庆卷)I cant find my purse anywhere.You _ have lost it while shopping.A. may B. canC. should D. would答案与解析：A表达推测之意，意为“可能”。Module 5Cloning.单词拼写1Do you think it will be_(有益的)to humans?2Traveling on those bad mountain roads is a_(噩梦/可怕的事)3The black mountain_(对比，对照)sharply with the white snow.4The hostages(人质)suffered a _ (可怕的) ordeal(折磨)5We must try to_(分析)the causes of the strike.beneficialnightmarecontraststerrifyinganalyse6Shakespeare c_ quite a number of characters in his plays.7He is a_ to know whether he has been chosen.8He s_ awake throughout the night.9Pinetrees are c_ in many parts of the world.10Its aim is for people to be happy，so that there are no more wars or v_.createdanxiousstayedcommonviolence.单项填空1. (2009安徽皖南八校联考)_about the economic crisis that he decided to look for more information about it.A. So curious he wasB. So curious was heC. Such curious he was D. Such curious was he答案与解析：B考查倒装句。Soadj./adv.that从句结构中，当soadj./adv.放在句首时，that之前的句子要使用倒装。2. He asked us to _ him in carrying through his plan. But unfortunately we were too busy to make it.A. persist B. consistC. resist D. assist答案与解析：Dpersist in坚持；consist in在于；resist为及物动词，意为“抵挡”；assist为及物动词，常用于assist sb. with sth.，assist sb. to do sth.或assist sb. in doing sth.结构，意为“帮助某人干某