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图纸共6张:
A0-转台装配图.dwg
A3-传动齿轮.dwg
A3-转台前后板.dwg
A3-转台前后加强筋.dwg
A3-转台右侧板图.dwg
A3-转台左侧板图.dwg
高空作业车转台的结构设计及分析
摘 要
本课题针对GKZ系列车型转台部分的要求工作装置，对GKZ型高空作业车回转机构进行设计及分析。高空作业车由液压马达、回转减速器及回转小齿轮、回转支承等组成。进行回转时，液压马达输出动力，通过回转减速器减速后带动输出轴上的小齿轮旋转，小齿轮与回转支承的齿圈啮合，由于回转支承的齿圈与车架刚性连接，因而回转减速器带动与之相连的转台回转。
本课题确定了高空作业车回转机构的传动方案，采用的单排四点接触球式回转支承，此类支承的主要优点是同时承受轴向、径向力和复合力矩。适用子中小型起重机。转台的结构设计采用的是倒π型结构，前后两个高强板，左右各一个支承板，再加两个加强筋形成。对转台采用PRO/E进行建模，将建好的模型通过转化放入ANSYS中进行有限元分析，分析出变形最大和受应力最大的接触面，对分析的结果的提出改进方案，对改进后的方案进行有限元分析比较, 确定最佳方案。本方案的设计为同类转台的结构设计提供了理论依据和分析方法。
在课题设计的过程中使用的方法有：（1）在结构设计过程中主要对转台的的受力情况进行分析，计算出转台的受力大小和转台的自重，对传动齿轮的设计及强度校核，运用绘图软件PRO/E进行建模。（2）将模型导入ANSYS中，对转台的受力情况进行分析查看其分析的结果，确保转台的变形和所受的应力均能符合设计要求。
[关键词]：高空作业车； 转台结构设计；有限元分析；ANSYS
Constructional design and analysis for turn-table of aerial work platforms
Abstract
According to the requirement of working devices of turn-tables in the machine series type GKZ, this paper presented the constructional design and analysis for slewing mechanism of aerial work platforms. The aerial work platforms comprised hydraulic motors, rotary speed reducers, revolving pinions, slewing bearings and so on. When the turn-table slewed, the hydraulic motor transmitted power output which enabled pinions on the output shaft to revolve. Pinions were meshed with ring gear on slewing bearings. Due to rigid connection between the ring gear on slewing bearings and the chassis, turn-tables were rotated by rotary speed reducers. Gear plan for slewing mechanism of aerial work platforms and constructional design for turn-table were presented.
Gear plans transmission for slewing mechanism of aerial work platforms was provided in which single-row four-point contact ball slewing bearings were adopted. The advantage of this type of bearing, which suited small and medium crane, was that it can bear axial force, radial force and compound moment at the same time. Configurations of anti type π were adopted in constructional design for turn-table, in which there were two high strength plates in tandem, two eudipleural supporting plates and two stiffened panels. Modeling and simulation of turn tables were obtained using PRO/E. The obtained modeling was transformation and analyzed by ANSYS Finite Element Analysis software. Consequently, contact area in the maximum of deformation and stress were analyzed. According to the results, improved schemes were presented, which were further analyzed and compared by finite element analysis. Finally, the best scheme was founded. This project provided the approaches of constructional design for the similar type of turn-table in theory.
The following methods were used in this project: 1) Force situation of turn tables were analyzed in constructional design, and force variation and mass of turn-tables were calculated. The design and intensity of transmission gear were checked. Modeling and simulation were obtained using drawing software PRO/E; 2) The modeling were imputed into ANSYS and bearing force of turn-tables were analyzed. The results ensured that the deformation of turn-tables and their bearing force would meet the design requirements.
[Keywords]: Aerial work platform; Turn-tables; Constructional design; Finite element analysis; ANSYS
目 录
第一章 绪 论 1
§1．1 引 言 1
§1．2 高空作业车的国内外发展概况 1
1.2.1高空作业车的国外发展趋势与动向 2
1.2.2高空作业车国内现状、差距与如何提高的方法 3
§ 1.3 高空作业车的组成 5
1.3.1工作机构 5
1.3.2金属结构 6
1.3.3动力装置 6
1.3.4控制系统 7
§ 1.4 本课题研究的意义 7
第二章 高空作业车的转台的结构分析 8
§2.1 高空作业车的转台总体结构设计 8
2.1.1转台的组成 8
§2-2 转台的受力分析 13
2.2.1转台的自重G 14
§2-3 上下臂的受力分析及计算 16
2.3.1上臂的受力分析 17
2.3.2下臂的受力分析 19
§2-4 回转支承装置的计算 21
2.4.1回转支承装置的计算载荷 21
2.4.2转盘式回转支承装置的计算 22
2.4.3按承载能力曲线选取合适的回转支承型号 22
2.4.4转盘式回转支承装置的计算 24
2.4.5按承载能力曲线选取合适的回转支承型号 24
§2.5 传动齿轮的计算 25
第三章 转台的有限元分析 28
§3.1 有限元方法的基础知识 28
§3.2 有限元分析软件ANSYS 30
§3.3 转台结构的有限元分析 34
3.3.1 实体建模 34
3.3.2计算模型 34
3.3.3有限元模型 36
第4章 结 论 43
致 谢 44
参 考 文 献 45
一、 设计题目：
高空作业车的转台结构设计及有限元分析
二、设计任务要求及主要原始资料：
设计任务：回转机构的传动方案的确定，转台装配图一张及主要零件的零件图，转台有限元分析及根据分析结果的改进方案，改进后的有限元分析结果与原方案分析结果的比较。
原始资料：平台的额定载荷 200kg
回转速度 0-2 r/min
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