汽车转向节十字轴的预锻成形及模具改进【0张图/24992字】【优秀机械毕业设计论文】

十字轴是汽车转向节的主要零件,随着汽车产业高速发展,对十字轴的需求量激增。目前生产十字轴的方式大多采用热模锻。本课题利用塑性成形有限元软件DEFORM,对十字轴预锻成形过程进行了模拟,在对传统工艺成形过程分析的基础上,提出了工艺改进的建议。本课题主要进行以下工作。
1. 学习数值模拟在塑性成形工艺设计及模具设计中的应用和意义。
2. 学习主要数值模拟软件的使用。
3. 利用DEFORM软件对上图所给挤压件的成形工艺过程进行数值模拟。

目 录

摘 要..................................................................Ⅲ
ABSTRACT............................................................Ⅳ
1 前 言.................................................................1
1.1 课题背景及选题意义....................................................1
1.2 国内外发展及研究现状..................................................2
1.3 课题的认识及研究方法..................................................3
1.3.1 课题的研究对象.....................................................3
1.3.2 课题的研究方法.....................................................4
2 课题实验的方案.......................................................5 
2.1 热模锻成形工艺........................................................5
2.1.1 模锻的特点.........................................................5
2.1.2 模锻的分类.........................................................5
2.1.3 开式模锻工艺.......................................................5
2.1.4 影响开式热模锻金属成形的因素.......................................6
2.1.5 模具对金属变形的影响...............................................7
2.1.6 本课题的十字轴成形工艺.............................................8
2.2 UG简介...............................................................9
2.2.1 UG产品概述.........................................................9
2.2.2 UG主要技术特点....................................................10
2.2.3 本课题有关UG的运用...............................................11
2.3 DEFORM-3D简介......................................................11
2.3.1 DEFORM的发展....................................................11
2.3.2 DEFORM的特点....................................................12
2.3.3 有限元模拟理论基础................................................12
2.3.4 DEFORM模型的建立................................................13
3 课题方案的实施......................................................15
3.1 模具的三维造型.......................................................15
3.1.1 十字轴几何特征及尺寸分析..........................................15
3.1.2 创建十字轴三维实体模型............................................15
3.1.3 创建模锻十字轴的模具模型..........................................18
3.2 十字轴成形过程模拟...................................................19
3.2.1 十字轴预锻过程模拟................................................19
3.2.2 十字轴终锻过程模拟................................................24
4 模拟结果及分析......................................................26
4.1 十字轴的传统模锻成形模拟结果及分析...................................26
4.1.1 等效应力分析......................................................26
4.1.2 等效应变分析......................................................27
4.1.3 速率分析..........................................................28
4.1.4 载荷分析..........................................................29
4.2 预锻模具的改进.......................................................29
4.3 十字轴的改进模锻成形模拟结果及改进..................................31
4.3.1 改进后等效应力分析................................................32
4.3.2 改进后等效应变分析................................................32
4.3.3 改进后速率分析....................................................33
4.3.4 改进后载荷分析....................................................34
5 结论及展望..........................................................35
5.1 课题结论.............................................................35
5.1.1 分析了十字轴预锻成形工艺..........................................35
5.1.2 改进了十字轴预锻成形工艺..........................................35
5.1.3 积累了丰富的使用三维造型和加工模拟软件的经验......................35
5.2 课题展望.............................................................35
谢 辞..................................................................37
参考文献...............................................................38
摘 要

近几年，随着经济和汽车行业的快速发展，十字轴作为传动系统的重要组成部分，应用越来越广泛，地位也越来越重要。
本文主要以十字轴为研究对象，以目前国内普遍应用的热锻工艺为研究前提，运用UG、DEFORM-3D软件系统的研究十字轴的成形过程和模具设计。
利用DEFORM-3D有限元模拟软件对十字轴的成形过程进行模拟。分析应力状态和载荷-行程曲线。基于模拟结果，分析十字轴预锻成形过程中所出现的问题，提出模具设计的改进建议。
关键词：十字轴；数值模拟；预锻变形；有限元；成形工艺

The Analysis of Pre-forging Simulation of Cross Shaft in the Universal Joint of Car and the Improvement of Die

ABSTRACT
In recent years, with the development of economy and automotive industry, as the main basis of mechanical parts, the cross shaft of an ever-increasing status is also becoming increasingly important.
This article mainly takes cross shaft as the research object. UG, DEFORM-3D as a platform, and has done some research on mould design and FEM simulation, on the base of forge hot process which is widely used in local plant.
The finite element simulation software DEFORM-3D is used to simulate the forming process of the cross shaft. And analysis the stress distribution and the metal load-trip curve. According to the result of the simulation, the problem in the Pre-forging has been analysed with some instructive suggestions for die designing put forward.
Key Words: cross shaft；numerical simulation；Pre-forging process；finite element method；forming process