汽车液压式主动悬架系统设计【5张图/19269字】【优秀机械毕业设计论文】

摘 要

汽车悬架系统性能的优劣直接影响汽车的乘坐舒适性和操纵安全性。传统的被动悬架由于其参数固定从根本上造成了两者的矛盾，主动悬架作为最先进的悬架系统，能根据实时工况，主动及时地调整和产生所需悬架控制力，使悬架处于最优的减振状态，从而达到两者的完美结合。因此，有关车辆主动悬架控制技术的研究方兴未艾。
文中介绍了汽车主动悬架系统的发展状况,建立了1/4汽车悬架模型，并设计了液压伺服控制的主动悬架。主动悬架拥有自身的能源，并以一个力的发生器取代了被动悬架中的减振器，采用电液伺服阀作为悬架系统中液压作动器的控制阀，通过液压系统的设计，结合ECU的控制功能，实现对汽车车身高度的自动调节，阻尼及刚度的自动调节。
主动悬架因为其有特定的结构特性而具有提高乘坐舒适性方面的巨大潜力，将逐步取代被动悬架和半主动悬架。随着控制理论的不断完善以及其他软、硬件技术的发展，主动悬架技术会渐渐走向成熟，从而可极大地提高汽车性能，使得主动悬架具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词：主动悬架 液压伺服系统 液压作动器

ABSTRACT
The dynamic Performance of suspension systems directly influences ride comfort and handling stability of driving vehicles. The fixed Parameters of conventional suspension systems cause the trade off between these two factors. Active suspensions, acting as the most advanced suspensions, could adjust the control force actively and timely to reduce the vibration according to the working condition, and solve the contradictory perfectly. So the control system of active suspension has been seen in many collaborative research projects.
The development condition of automobile active suspension system was introduced, the 1/4 automobile suspension model was designed, and the active suspension with hydraulic servo control system was established in the character. The active suspension possesses the energy itself, and the generator with a power replaced the shock absorber in the passive suspension, and adopts the control valve as the hydraulic actuator in the suspension system of electro-hydraulic servo valve, and by the design of hydraulic system, combines the control function of ECU, and realizes the auto-control to auto-control, automobile body height and damping and the stiffness. 
The active suspension because his has the specific structure and property raising the huge latent capacity to ride comfort nature aspect, and will replace passive suspension and semi-active suspension step by step. Along with constantly making perfect of control theory as well as other development soft and the hardware technology, the active suspension technology can be moved towards gradually and is ripe, thus can greatly raise the automobile function, and make that the active suspension possesses the vast application foreground.

Key words: Active suspension；Hydraulic servo system；Hydraulic actuator

目 录

摘要...................................................................Ⅰ
Abstract...........................................................Ⅱ
第 1 章 绪论...........................................................1
1.1 悬架系统简介......................................................1
1.1.1 悬架的功能.................................................1
1.1.2 悬架的分类.................................................1
1.2 国内、外汽车主动悬架系统发展概况.................................4
1.3 课题的目的与意义.................................................5
1.4 课题研究的基本内容...............................................6
第 2 章 汽车液压式主动悬架系统的设计..............................7
2.1 从动悬架与主动悬架的优缺点.......................................7
2.2 电控空气悬架系统与电控液压悬架系统的比较.........................7
2.3 系统方案确定.....................................................8
2.3.1 液压系统设计特点...........................................8
2.3.2 电控液压式主动悬架的工作原理...............................9
2.4 本章小结........................................................10
第 3 章 车身高度调节机构设计.......................................11
3.1 车身高度控制的原理..............................................11
3.2 液压缸参数的确定................................................12
3.2.1 供油压力的选择............................................12
3.2.2 液压缸主要参数的确定.....................................13
3.3 液压缸外形尺寸的计算与校核......................................16
3.4 液压泵的选择....................................................19
3.5 电动机的选择....................................................20
3.6 车身高度传感器的选择............................................21
3.7 伺服阀的选择....................................................21
3.8 伺服放大器的选择................................................23
3.9 本章小结........................................................23
第 4 章 悬架阻尼调节机构设计.......................................24
4.1 悬架阻尼控制的原理..............................................24
4.2 节流阀阻尼孔的确定..............................................27
4.2.1 节流口的流量特性公式......................................27
4.2.2 节流口截面积的计算........................................27
4.2.3 影响流量稳定性的因素......................................28
4.3 节流阀外形尺寸的选择............................................30
4.4 传感器的选择....................................................30
4.5 电磁换向阀的选择................................................31
4.6 本章小结.......................................................31
第 5 章 悬架刚度调节机构设计.......................................32
5.1 悬架刚度控制的原理..............................................32
5.2 空气压缩机的选择................................................33
5.3 蓄能器的选择....................................................35
5.4 本章小结........................................................36
总结..................................................................37
参考文献..............................................................38
致谢..................................................................39