目 录
摘要·····················································Ⅰ
Abstract··············································Ⅱ
第一章概述·······················································1
第二章对旋耕机的展望及发展现状·······························2
2.1 对旋耕机的展望·········································2
2.2 旋耕机的的发展现状····································3
2.2.1国外旋耕机的发展现状·····························3
2.2.2国内旋耕机的发展现状·····························4
第三章设计及其计算·············································5
3.1 旋耕机的工作原理与设计原则思想·······················5
3.1.1工作原理············································5
3.1.2设计原则思想·······································5
3.2 旋耕机的结构及主要技术参数···························6
3.3 旋耕机的设计···········································7
3.3.1 总体设计··········································7
3. 3. 2 旋耕机类型的选择·································7
3.3.3 旋耕机耕幅的确定 ································7
3.3.4 旋耕机与拖拉机的挂接型式························7
3.3.5 旋耕机与拖拉机的配置型式························8
3.3.6 旋耕机的传动型式·································8
3.3.7 旋耕机的前进速度·································8
3.3.8 旋耕机的刀轴转速·································9
3.4 旋耕机的部件设计·······································9
3.4.1 万向节总成········································9
3.4.2 悬挂架总成········································9
3.4.3 齿轮箱············································9
3.4.4 左、右主梁总成及机罩拖板总成···················10
3.4.5 左、右刀轴总成···································10
3.4.6 旋耕机对刀片排列的要求·························10
3.4.7 现有旋耕机刀片排列存在的问题··················11
3.4.8 解决方法···································11
3．5 旋耕刀的设计·········································12
3.5.1 旋耕刀的分类··································12
3.5.2 旋耕刀的结构··································13
3.5.3 旋耕刀的设计··································14
3．6 犁体总成···············································15
第四章 旋耕机的几项验算······································16
4.1 旋耕刀片端点的圆周速度Vo·····························16
4.2 最大耕深 Hmax ··········································17
4.3 切土节距 S·············································18
4.4 沟底凸起高度··········································19
4.5 功率消耗N ············································19
4.6 刀片的后角·············································21
4.7 工作前的安装与调整 ··································21
4．8 旋耕机选用时要注意以下几个问题·····················22
4.9 旋耕机使用技术要点···································23
结论····························································25
致谢····························································26
参考文献························································27
附录1···················································29
附录2·················································32
附录3···················································41
摘 要
我国对旋耕机的研制始于20世纪50年代末，初期主要研制与手扶拖拉机配套的旋耕机，后来研制出与中型轮式拖拉机配套的旋耕机；70年代初完成了与当时国产的各类拖拉机配套的系列旋耕机的设计，并使之得到了推广应用；到80年代，与手扶拖拉机配套的旋耕机由专用型发展到兼用型，由与手扶拖拉机配套发展到与轮式及履带式拖拉机配套。旋耕机在我国的发展经历了单机研制、发展系列产品、新产品开发和换代3个阶段，随着新的种植、耕作农艺的发展和推广，在旋耕机基础上还研制出了多种用途的联合复式作业机。新系列旋耕机采用的新型旋耕刀，综合了合理的速度参数、幅宽和复式作业功能，采用旋耕机基础件组合式结构，可组装在多种机型上，满足不同的用途与农艺要求。目前我国旋耕机的使用范围不断扩大，整机及零部件生产企业有100余家，从南方水田到北方旱地以及牧场、荒地和果林等都广泛使用旋耕机进行耕耘作业。
关键词： 农机 旋耕机
Abstract
My rotary cultivator of the 1950s and the 20th century began with the end of the initial development and the main walking tractor supporting rotary cultivator and subsequently developed with medium-wheeled tractor supporting rotary cultivator ;70 1990s was made in China with the completion of the various series of rotary cultivator tractors supporting the design, and has been promoting the application; To the 1980s, from the rotary cultivator and walking tractor supporting dedicated to the development of both type, and by supporting the development of the walking tractor with wheeled and tracked tractors matching. Rotary cultivator in the country's development has a single research and development series products, new product development and updating of three stages, with new cultivation, the development and promotion of farming techniques, rotary cultivator basis also developed a multi-purpose joint compound operations aircraft. A new series of rotary cultivator new rotary knife, a reasonable speed integrated parameters, and the breadth of operational functions, the introduction of rotary cultivator basis of modular structure, assembly in a variety of models, and techniques to meet the requirements of different uses. At present, China's expanding use of rotary cultivator, and whole sets of parts production enterprises with 100 more from the South to the North dryland and irrigated pasture, forest lands and fruit were widely used rotary cultivator to work operations.
Keyword： Farm Machinery Rotary cultivator
第一章 概述
大田的耕作机械主要有铧式犁和旋耕机两种。传统的耕作方式是三年一深耕(犁耕)、一年一旋耕(浅耕)。旋耕机由于具有耕地和耙地的双重作用,在耕地机械中占有重要的地位。
旋耕机是一种由动力驱动的土壤耕作机械，旋耕机的耕作部件为旋耕刀辊,是由多把旋耕刀在刀轴上按螺旋线排列而成。旋耕机于19世纪中叶问世,但直到本世纪20年代欧洲研制成功直角旋耕刀以后,旋耕机才在欧洲旱地得到推广使用,日本二战之后为了尽快恢复经济发展,决定从欧美引进旋耕机用于农业生产。由于日本大多为水田,直角形旋耕刀不适宜于进行水田耕作。一大批日本学者开始致力于水田用旋耕刀的研究,如吉田富穗、松尾昌树、坂井纯等人研制出了旋耕弯刀,成功地解决了刀轴缠草等问题。旋耕弯刀的刃口曲线的要求是：弯刀耕作时,先由侧切刃沿纵向切削土壤,并且是由离轴心较近的刃口开始切割,由近及远,最后由正切刃横向切开土壤。这种切削过程可以把草茎及残茬压向未耕地,进行有支持切割,草茎及残茬即使不被切断,也可以利用刃口曲线的合理形状使其从端部滑离弯刀,弯刀不致于缠草。这样,弯刀适合于在多草茎的水田耕作。能达到这种要求的刃口曲线有阿基米德螺线、等角对数螺线、正弦指数曲线等,其中,阿基米德螺线应用最广。
旋耕机切土、碎土能力强，一次旋耕能够达到一般犁耙作业几次的碎土效果，耕后地表平整、松软，能满足精耕细作要求，且缩短工序间隔，有利于抢农时抗旱保墒，减少拖拉机进地次数，减轻对土壤压实，减少能源消耗，降低作业成本，减少机具投资，提高机具利用率，加之近年来国内还田技术和免耕少耕技术的推广应用，旋耕机得到了迅猛发展，已成为拖拉机的主要配套机具之一。
第二章 对旋耕机的展望及发展现状
2.1对旋耕机的展望
现有旋耕机产品虽然在理论上可以配套58.8－73.5kw的拖拉机，但实际上因受传动系统强度及结构尺寸、机架结构强度的限制，配套合理范围仅达48kw的拖拉机；耕深亦局限在旱耕12－16cm，水耕14－18cm。因此，现有旋耕机产品在品种上尚有大型和深耕型的缺门。20世纪90年代以来，为适应市场需要，有些企业试图开发大型旋耕机，但因水平有限，仅采用原有产品外延放大和堆砌材料的方法，没有着重结构的改进和参数的优化，因而走了弯路。结合各种因素分析，今后旋耕机应向以下几个方向发展。
随着水稻集约化、规模化生产的发展，水田耕整用宽幅高速型旋耕机成为发展方面。水田土壤含水率高，抗剪切、抗压强度特别低，附着力、外摩擦力也接近为零，切土部件与土壤之间存在润滑水膜。因此，大块水田使用大型拖拉机旋耕机组水耕时，为充分发挥其功率，实现高效率、高效益，需要工作幅宽3m以上的宽幅旋耕机。但宽幅又受到道路行驶和入库停机不便的制约，解决途径有二：一是旋耕机采用宽度伸缩或折叠式结构；二是采用适中的幅宽，提高作业速度，从现有的2－5km/h提高到4－8km/h。为满足以上要求，需要改进旋耕机及工作部件的结构和参数，研制宽幅高速旋耕机及灭茬、旋耕、旋耙和深施化肥的复式作业机械。
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