高中英语必修5(外研版)Unit5TheGreatSportsPersonality知识点总结.docx

高中英语必修5（外研版）Unit 5 The Great Sports Personality知识点总结一、重点词汇 athletics 基本用法 athletics n. 竞技；体育运动；田径运动 She showed us the athletics awards she had won. 她给我们看她赢得的体育运动奖。 I like the athletics events and the team sports. 我喜欢田径项目和团体项目。知识拓展-相关单词 1. athletic adj. 运动的，运动员的；体格健壮的The boy got in to the athletic school after a special test. 男孩经过一次专门测验后进了体育学校。 John is an athletic boy. He is good at running. 约翰体魄健壮。他擅长跑步。 2. athlete n. 运动员，体育家；身强力壮的人 The athlete is able to jump two meters. 这位运动员能跳两米高。 ring 基本用法 1. ring n. 拳击场；戒指；铃声；环形物 The boxer poked his opponent out of the ring. 拳击手将对手击出了拳击台。 He cant get his ring off his finger. 他无法指导戒指从手指上拿下来。 2. ring v. 按铃；回响；打电话 Ill ring you up some time during the week.本周的某个时候我给你打电话。 track 基本用法 1. track n. 轨道；足迹；小道 I like to watch field and track events. 我喜欢观看田径比赛。 What you just said is completely off the track. 你刚才讲的话彻底离题了。 He runs around the track every morning. 他每天清晨绕着跑道跑步。2. track v. 追踪；通过；留下足迹 They are trying to track the lost satellite. 他们正设法跟踪失踪的卫星。 retire 原文再现 When he retired at the age of 26，he had won 106 gold medals in major competitions across the world. 当他26岁退役的时候，他已经在世界范围内的大型比赛中获得了106枚金牌。基本用法 retire vi. 退休；撤退；离开 He retired when he was 65. 他65岁时退休了。 After retiring from the army it took William a long time to adjust to civilian life. 从军队退役后，威廉花了很长时间才适应平民的生活。The boxer retired from the contest with eye injuries. 该拳击手因眼部受伤而退出比赛。知识拓展-相关单词 1. retirement n. 退休；退役 Women live longer than men after retirement. 妇女退休后要比男人寿命长。 2. retired adj. 退休的 Both my parents are retired now.我父母现在都退休了。 perform 原文再现 He was disappointed because he had not performed well in the 1988 Seoul Olympics. 他感到很失望，因为他在1988年的首尔奥运会上表现得不好。基本用法 perform v. 上演；履行；完成；（机器等）运转 Our team performed well in the match yesterday. 我们队在昨天的比赛中表现得很出色。 They always perform their duties faithfully. 他们总是忠实地履行自己的职责。The young doctor performed the heart operation. 这位年轻医生为病人做了心脏手术。 She performs an important role in our organization. 她在我们的组织中担任重要角色。知识拓展 相关单词 1. performance n. 表演；表现；履行 I like watching the performance of that magician.我喜欢看那个魔术师的表演。 2. performer n. 表演者 All the performers gathered on the stage after the show. 演出完毕，所有的演员都聚集在台上。 相关短语 perform an experiment/operation 做实验/手术 perform ones duty/promise 履行职责/诺言give/put on a performance 演出 background 原文再现 But he didnt forget his sporting background. 但是他没有忘记自己的体育背景。基本用法 background n. 背景；隐蔽的位置 Do you know anything about his family background? 你知道他的家庭背景吗? This book gives the background of the Civil War. 这本书叙述了南北战争的背景。 brand 原文再现 He decided to launch a new brand of sportswear, competing with global giants like Nike and Adidas. 他决定推出一个新的运动品牌，与耐克，阿迪达斯这样的世界巨头竞争。基本用法 brand n. 商标；牌子 Nike is my favorite brand of shoes. 耐克是我最喜欢的鞋子品牌。 What brand of eyewash do you like? 你喜欢什么牌子的眼药水?The brand is named after Li Nine. 就是用李宁的名字命名的商标品牌。 logo 原文再现 The bright red logo is made up of the first two pinyin letters of Li Nings name, L and N. 那个鲜红的商标是由“李宁”拼音的两个首写字母L和N组成。基本用法 logo n. 商标；标识；图形 Daniel, this is the city logo of Venice. 丹尼尔，这是威尼斯的城市标志。 The hotel uses a small pine tree as its logo. 这个饭店的标识是一棵小松树。 on the increase 原文再现 The number of young people with money to spend was on the increaseand sports had never been so popular. 有钱消费的年轻人的数量在增加，而体育运动也变得前所未有地普及。基本用法 on the increase 正在增加，增长 （on the increase=on the rise在增加 反义词：on the decrease在减少） The people who own private cars are on the increase. 拥有私家车的人不断增加。 Crime in big cities is on the increase.大城市里的犯罪率呈增长趋势。 The number of smokers in our country is on the rise. 我国烟民数量在增长。知识拓展 相关短语 1. increase by. 增加了 The number of the students in our class increased by ten this year. 今年我们班学生的数目增加了十人。2. increase to. 增加到 Her weight has increased to 70 kilos. 她的体重增加到了70公斤。 含有on的短语： on duty 值班；值日 on leave 在休假 on strike 在罢工on guard 在值勤 on show 在展出 on business 因公在出差 on sale 在销售中 on a visit to. 对访问中 advantage 原文再现 Li Nings designs were attractive, and they had a major advantage over their better known rivals-they were cheaper. 李宁牌运动服的设计很吸引人，而且它们还有一个强于知名对手的主要优势-便宜。基本用法 advantage n. 优势；长处；有利条件 Studying English has many advantages. 学习英语有许多好处。 Yao Ming has an advantage over other players in playing basketball.姚明在打篮球方面比其他选手更有优势。知识拓展 反义词 disadvantage n. 缺点；不足；不利条件 His poor eyesight was a disadvantage to him. 视力不佳是他的弱点。 相关短语 1.take advantage of. 对加以利用；乘机利用Dont lend them the car-theyre taking advantage of you! 不要把汽车借给他们-他们在利用你！ 2.have the advantage of. 有的优点 3. win/have/get/gain an/the advantage over 胜过；优于 guarantee 原文再现 The success for Li Ning was guaranteed, and it came quickly. 李宁成功是有保证的，而且成功来得很快。基本用法 1. guarantee vt. 担保；保证； I can guarantee its true-I saw it myself. 我能保证那是真的-我亲眼看见的。 The medicine will guarantee you from/against heart attack. 这种药保证你不得心脏病。2. guarantee n. 抵押物；保证书 I can offer my land as a guarantee. 我可拿出我的地产作抵押品。 Health is the guarantee of success. 健康的身体是成功的保证。知识拓展 相关短语 1. guarantee sb. sth. /guarantee sth. to sb. 向某人保证某事I wouldnt guarantee its success. 我不敢保证它会成功。 2. guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事 I guarantee to pay off his debt. 我保证付清他的债务。 3. guarantee that. 保证 Take this opportunity，and I guarantee that you wont regret.抓住这个机会，我保证你不会后悔的。 4. Theres no guarantee that/of 无法保证 There is no guarantee that we will succeed. 不能保证我们会成功。 词义辨析：ensure/guarantee/promise 这三个动词都有“保证”之意。 1. ensure侧重使人相信某个行为或力量产生的结果。I cant ensure that he will be there on time. 我不能担保他会及时到那儿。 2. guarantee指对事物的品质或人的行为及履行义务等承担责任的保证。 We guarantee the quality of the product we sell in our store. 我们对本店卖出的商品保证质量。 3. promise 侧重承诺，表达自己的主观意向，设法用语言使人感到稳当可靠。 I promise Ill pay you back, on my honor.我以人格担保，一定把钱还给你。 purchase 原文再现 Today a Li Ning product is purchased every ten seconds. 现在每十秒钟就有一件李宁牌产品售出。基本用法 1. purchase vt. 购买 Friendship is to be purchased only by friendship. 以友谊换交谊。 They have purchased much furniture. 他们已买了不少家具。2. purchase n. 购买；购买的东西 He gave his son some money for the purchase of his school books. 他把一些钱交给儿子去买学校用的课本。知识拓展-词义辨析：purchase/ buy 这两个动词均含“购买”之意。 1. purchase：较正式用语；多指“大型的、批量的商业采购、或房产、不动产等购置活动”，强调物品的 购得，无感情色彩。 We have purchased fire insurance for our business.我们已经为自己的公司买了火险。 2. buy：表示“购买”的最常用语言，可指买各种日用品、消费品；还可以指用金钱雇佣、行贿等较抽象的 “购买”。 Unable to find the book in this bookstore, he bought elsewhere. 这家书店找不到此书，他到别处买去了。 designer 原文再现 The Spanish and French gymnastics teams wear Li Ning clothes, while Italian designers are employed by the company to create new styles. 西班牙和法国的体操队员也穿李宁牌服装，同时公司还雇用意大利设计师设计新的款式。基本用法 designer n. 设计者；谋划者 The clothing designer had a fashion show. 那位服装设计家开了一场服装秀。 I am a designer to design myself!我是一个设计自己的设计师！知识拓展-相关单词 1. design v. 设计；构思 How people design computer games is beyond me. 我不明白电脑游戏是怎么设计的。 2. design n. 设计；图案 This dress is of the latest design. 这件衣服是最新设计。 gymnast 原文再现 His dream was to open a school for gymnasts. 他的梦想是开办一所体操学校。基本用法 gymnast n. 体操运动员 There comes my favorite gymnast. 我最喜欢的运动员上场了。 In this exercise, gymnast should face to the floor. 这次练习中，体操运动员应该面向地板。知识拓展-相关单词1. gymnastic adj. 体操的，体育的 Hans, I hear the Sydney Olympics had some new gymnastic events. 听说悉尼奥运会增加了些新的体操项目。 2. gymnastics n. 体操；体育；体操运动 When she was young she practiced gymnastics. 她年轻时练过体操。 3. gymnasium n. 体育馆；健身房 （同gym）A new gymnasium/gym has been built on our campus. 我们大学的校园里新建了一座体育馆。 4. gym n. 健身房；体育馆；体育；体育课 Divided the boys from the girls for gym class. 上体育课时把男孩跟女孩分开。 slogan 原文再现 And if you are a great sportsperson, anything is possible, as Li Nings advertising slogan says. 正如李宁广告标语所言，如果你是一位杰出的运动员，“一切皆有可能”。基本用法 slogan n. 口号；标语；呐喊声 Equality of men and women is not a slogan. 男女平等不是一句口号。 Our slogan: There is no best, only better! 我们的口号：没有最好，只有更好！ specific 原文再现 the name of a product made by a specific company. 一个特定公司生产的产品的名字。基本用法 1. specific adj. 特定的；明确的；详细的； He gave us very specific instructions. 他给我们做了非常明确的指示。 The money was collected for a specific purpose. 这笔钱是为一个特定用途而收的。2. specific n. 特性；细节；特效药 I told him that we could talk specifics. 我对他说我们可以讨论具体问题。知识拓展 相关单词 specifically adv. 特别地；明确地 You were specifically warned not to eat fish. 已经特别叮嘱过你不要吃鱼。词义辨析：special/ specific/especial/particular 这些形容词均含“特殊的，特别的”之意。 1. special是普通用词，指不同于一般、与众不同，着重事物的专门性，突出与一般不同。 I only wear a tie on special occasions. 我只在特殊场合才打领带。 2. especial和special含义很接近，较正式，但侧重有特殊的意义或重要性。意为“尤其的，特别的”。 I think this is a matter of especial importance.我认为这是一件尤其重要的事情。 3. specific侧重指某类事物具有的特殊或特定的属性，也可指专门提出作特别考虑的事物。 There is a specific tool for each job. 各工种配备特定的工具。 4. particular侧重不同于普遍性的个性或特殊性。 I have nothing particular to do this evening. 今晚我没有什么特殊的事要做。 symbol 原文再现 a symbol which represents a particular brand. 代表一个特定品牌的标识。基本用法 symbol n. 象征；符号；标志 Is the color red a symbol of danger? 红颜色是危险的象征吗? The elephant is the national symbol of Thailand. 大象是泰国的象征。知识拓展-词义辨析：symbol/ sign/ mark 1. symbol 表示象征或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物。The white bird is a symbol of freedom. 这白色的鸟是自由的象征。 2. sign 指人们公认的事物的符号或标志，也指某种情况的征兆。 A dark cloud is a sign of rain. 乌云是降雨的征兆。 3. mark 指为了方便辨认而有意做的标记，也指自然形成的标记。The wet glass left a mark on the surface of the table. 湿杯子在桌面上留下一个痕迹。 score 基本用法 1. score n. 得分；二十；刻痕 Have you heard the latest score? 你听到最新的比分了吗？ Scores of volunteers offered to help. 许多志愿者主动帮忙。 2. score vt. 获得；刻划；得分 Girls usually score highly in language exams.在语言考试中，女生通常得高分。知识拓展-相关短语 score a goal 进球 score full marks 得满分 score a success/victory 取得成功/胜利 scores of 许多，大量 ministry 原文再现 An official who works at the ministry came to speak to us. 一个在政府部门工作的官员过来跟我们说话。基本用法 ministry n. （政府的）部门；（全体）牧师 You must write to the Ministry of Health. 你必须给卫生部写信。 You need a pass to enter the ministry office. 你需持通行证进入该部的办公楼。His parents intended him for the ministry. 他的父母有意让他当牧师。知识拓展 相关单词 minister n. 部长；大臣；牧师 He was elected Minister of Education. 他被选为教育部长。 They gave the Prime Minister a cool reception.他们很冷淡地接待了这位首相。 相关短语 ministry of education 教育部 ministry of finance 财政部 ministry of agriculture 农业部 foreign ministry 外交部；外务省 ministry of health 卫生部 ministry of public security 公安部 ministry of culture 文化部 final 原文再现 How did he score in the 1972 World Cup final? 在1972年的世界杯决赛上他是怎么进球得分的？基本用法 1. final n. 决赛；期末考试 Everton have got through to the final. 埃弗顿队已进入决赛。 2. final adj. 最终的；不可更改的 Dont argue with me, my decision is final.不要同我争论，我已经拿定主意了。 We studied for final exams for hours on end. 我们连续花了好几小时准备期末考。知识拓展-相关单词 finally adv. 最后；终于；决定性地 champion 基本用法 champion n. 冠军；第一名；得胜者 He was the world tennis champion. 他曾是世界网球冠军。知识拓展-词义辨析：champion/ championship 1. champion “冠军；得胜者”，指的是人。 The champion was received with open arms. 冠军受到了热烈的欢迎。 2. championship “冠军地位”指的是冠军称呼；还有“锦标赛”的意思。Which football team is the leader in the football championship? 现在哪个队在足球锦标赛中领先？ quality 原文再现 What qualities do you need to be a great sportsman or sportswoman? 成为一名伟大的运动员需要具备什么样的品质？基本用法 quality n. 属性；特征；质量 He has the quality of inspiring confidence. 他有本事能让别人相信他。 This material is of poor quality.这种材料质量很差。 Modesty is one of his good qualities. 谦虚是他的美德之一。知识拓展-含义辨析：quality/quantity quality 指的是某种产品的质量或品质； quantity指的是产品的数量，即产量的多少，一般作量词，构成短语a(large)quantity of 或 (large)quantities of “许多；大量的”。 Quality often matters more than quantity. 质量往往比数量更重要。 ultimate 基本用法 ultimate adj. 最后的，最终的；基本的 After many defeats, the war ended for us in ultimate victory. 经过多次失败，战争以我们的最终胜利而结束。 Hard work is the ultimate source of success. 努力工作是成功之本。知识拓展 相关单词 ultimately adv. 最后，最终All wealth comes ultimately from human labor. 一切财富归根到底来源于人类的劳动。 词义辨析：final/ last/ ultimate 这些形容词都有“最终的，最后的”意思。 1. final 指到达终点，多含果断，明确或最后终结的强烈意味。如：the final decision 最终决定。 2. last 是指一系列事物的最后一个，可表示次序，顺序或时间。如： He is the last person that Ill get along with.他是我最不愿与之相处的人。 3. ultimate 是较正式用语，强调已到了极限。如： To win is not the ultimate aim in a contest. 比赛的输赢不是最终目的。 rise to ones feet 原文再现 As the leader comes into the stadium to run the last few meters of the 42 kilometre race, the crowd rises to its feet to shout and cheer. 每当领先的运动员进入体育馆来跑那全程42公里的最后几米时，全场观众都会站起身来向他欢呼喝彩。 基本用法 rise to ones feet 站起来 He rose to his feet and left the room without a word. 他站起身一句话也没说就离开了那个房间。 We all rose to our feet when we heard the news.当我们听到这则消息时，我们都站了起来。知识拓展 相关短语 1. leap/jump to ones feet 跳起来 Hearing the news, he jumped to his feet with joy. 听到这个消息，他高兴地跳了起来。 2. stand on ones feet 自立；经济上独立 Now that you have been an adult, you must learn to stand on your own feet.既然你已经是一个成人了，你必须学会自立。 3. struggle to ones feet (挣扎着)站起来 He tried to struggle to his feet，but in vain. 他试图挣扎着站起来，但是徒劳。 4. set foot on 进入；踏上 In the future, people will set foot on the moon. 在将来，人们会登上月球的。词义辨析: rise/ raise/ arise 1. rise意为“升起；上升；增长”，是不及物动词，后面不能加宾语。说明主语自身移向较高位置。而另外， rise可以表示太阳的升起，如：sun rise日出；在美式英语中，常用rise表示起立或起床。如： The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东边升起。 2. raise意为“举起；抬高”，是及物动词，后面要加宾语。说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物。 另外， raise还有“养育；筹集”的意思，如raise money。如：If you have any questions, raise your hand. 如果你有什么问题，可以举手。 3. arise意为“出现，产生”，一般指不好的事情。比如，危险出现了，不好的后果产生了，可以用这个词。 与上面两个词只是形近。如： Various new problems may arise in future. 将来可能会出现种种新问题。 victory 原文再现 According to the story, a soldier ran from the scene of the battle, Marathon, to Athens, to bring the news of a Greek victory against the Persians. 这个故事讲述了一个士兵从马拉松战场跑到雅典，把希腊打败波斯军这个好消息带给人们。基本用法 victory n. 胜利；成功 The captain led our team to victory. 队长带领我们队取得了胜利。 The soldiers won the glorious victory.战士们赢得了光荣的胜利。 dramatically 原文再现 In fact, the 1908 marathon ended dramatically. 事实上，1908年的马拉松比赛戏剧性地结束了。基本用法 dramatically adv. 戏剧地；引人注目地；显著地 Prices have fallen dramatically. 价格突然暴跌。 She dropped her voice dramatically. 她突然压低了声音。The number of homeless people has increased dramatically. 无家可归者的人数急剧增加了。知识拓展-相关单词 dramatical adj. 剧烈的；戏剧的 drama n. 戏剧；剧本；戏剧性事件 protest 原文再现 The Americans protested and in the end the American runner was declared the winner. 美国人抗议，最终美国选手被宣布为获胜者。基本用法 1. protest v. 抗议；断言 He knew it was useless to protest. 他知道抗议是徒劳的。 They protested to the mayor that the taxes were too high. 他们向市长提出抗议说税款过高。2. protest n. 抗议 The people made a protest about the rise in prices. 人们对价格上涨提出抗议。 She accepted the charge without protest. 她一声未吭地接受了指控。知识拓展-相关短语 protest against/about 抗议 protest that. 申言，声明 in protest 作为抗议 without protest 毫无怨言地，心甘情愿地 declare 原文再现 The Americans protested and in the end the American runner was declared the winner. 美国人抗议，最终美国选手被宣布为获胜者。基本用法 declare v宣告；声明。通常指官方正式公布，宣告事情。 The results of the election will be declared soon. 选举结果很快就会公布。 All the people declared against the war. 所有的人声明反对战争。I declared at the meeting that I did not support him. 我在会上声明我不支持他。知识拓展 相关短语 declare sth./sb.(to be)adj. 宣布为 declare that. 宣布，宣称 declare for/against 公开表示支持/反对 declare war on/against. 对宣战declare peace 宣布和平 declare the meeting open 宣布会议开始 declare off 取消 词义辨析：declare/ announce/ claim 1. declare指正式宣布，当众宣布。通常指官方正式公布、宣告事情。如： I now declare this meeting open. 我现在宣布会议开幕。2. announce指预告性地宣布或公开宣告大家关心的事情。如： The teacher announced in the class that the winter holidays would begin on January 28. 老师在班上宣布元月28日放寒假。 3. claim多指根据权利宣称，声称。如： Doctors claimed to have discovered a cure for the disease. 医生们声称已找到该疾病的治疗方法。 competitor 原文再现 But perhaps one of the most beautiful and extraordinary marathons ever is the Great Wall Marathon, which most competitors find is the toughest course to run. 但是，或许最漂亮，最非凡的马拉松比赛之一是在长城上举行的马拉松比赛，大部分选手都认为这是 最难跑的。基本用法 competitor n. 竞争者，对手 That company is a strong competitor of us. 那个公司是我们强有力的竞争对手。He is my competitor in the game. 他是我比赛中的对手。知识拓展-相关单词 1. compete vi. 竞争；比赛；对抗 My handwriting cannot compete with his. 我的书法不及他。 We have to learn to cooperate and compete. 我们必须学会合作与竞争。2. competition n. 竞争；比赛，竞赛 The company faces tough competition. 这家公司面临着艰难的竞争。 3. competitive adj. 竞争的；比赛的；求胜心切的 America is a competitive society. 美国是一个充满竞争的社会。 tough 原文再现 But perhaps one of the most beautiful and extraordinary marathons ever is the Great Wall Marathon, which most competitors find is the toughest course to run. 但是，或许最漂亮，最非凡的马拉松比赛之一是在长城上举行的马拉松比赛，大部分选手都认为这是 最难跑的。基本用法 tough adj. 困难的；坚强的；牢固的 The famous physician had to make a tough decision. 那个著名的医生不得不做出一个困难的决定。Tough glass is needed for windscreens. 挡风玻璃需要用不易碎的玻璃. It is said that Hillary Clinton is a toug