非谓语动词导学案(学生版).docx

非 谓 语 动 词 【知识导图】非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 b.动名词 c.分词( 现在分词 过去分词)【互动导学】【知识梳理】概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.【导学】一：动词不定式【知识点】1：动词不定式的时态和被动形式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：1 一般式to do 例如：I like to read English.2 进行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.3 完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.4 被动式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon.5 完成被动式to have been done例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.【知识点】2：动词不定式的用法I.作主语 (1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.(2)注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It + 谓语 + to do It takes us an hour _to_ get there by bus.句型2：Its + n. + to do Its our duty _to_ help the poor.It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the mountains.句型3： It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性质的 ）It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的 ）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.II.作宾语 接不定式做宾语I want to know this matter.I dont expect to meet you here(1)常见动词有：like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, forget, want, prepare, pretend, refuse, plan, afford, wish等They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they? He said he wished _( be ) a professor.(2)it作形式宾语I find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel it interesting to work with himSubject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it+adj/n + to do sth. 1.Wethought_better_startearly. 2.Doyouconsider_betternot_go?3.Ifeel_myduty_changeallthat. 4.We think _ important _ _ obey the law.5.I know _ _ impossible _ _ finish so much homework in a day.(3)常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain, know, discover, He taught us how to use the tool. No one could tell me where to get the book.I havent decided whether to go or stay. 下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事）mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A waiting B to waiting C wait D to be waitingBoys, dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closingB. closedC. to closingD. to closeShe reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. restRemember _ the lights when you leave the office.A. to turn offB. turning offC. turn offD. to turning off（4）不定式在介词but,except,beside后面时，若这些介词前有实义动词do的各种形式，则后接不带to的不定式，否则带to. I have no choice but _.（wait）(5)在cannot but, cannot choose/help but 之后接不带to的不定式I cant do anything but _ (go )out with her.III.作宾语补足语1. Illgetsomeone_repairtherecorderforyou. 2. Whatcausedhim_changehismind? advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, hate, invite , order, wish, want, warn, remind, promise, permit, persuade, request+sb. to do注意：（1）在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.(2)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to. I often help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things. He is often heard _(sing) the song. Though he often made his deskmate _(cry), today he was made _(cry) by his deskmate.IV作定语I have something to tell you. (不定式作定语)1) 不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today?2) 不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容 I have no chance to go there.3) 被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语 She is always the last to leave the room.4) 不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词 1.The house is not big enough for us all_.A. to live inB. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in2. Would you please pass me the knife _?A. to cut the fruit withB. to cut the fruit C. cutting the fruitD. cutting the fruit with3.I have something important to say. Please find a piece of paper （写上）4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen to write with （写）V.作状语 不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果。I came here to see youWe were very excited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school to find nobody there. 对比To learn English well, he needs a good dictionary.To learn English well, a good dictionary is needed.To get there in time, he told me to get up early.不定式的主动形式表示被动意义I have something important to do. In the accident, the driver was to blame.This question is difficult to answer. The box is not easy to carry. 【导学】二：动名词【知识点】1：动名词的基本构成主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been doneNo one likes being laughed at.I dont remember having ever been given a chance to do it.【知识点】2：动名词的功用 Smoking does great harm to peoples health.（作主语） My job is looking after children.（作表语） I have finished reading the novel.（作宾语） We have got a swimming pool in our school.（做定语）It is no use crying. It is no good objecting常见的动词有：admit, advise, suggest, avoid, consider, delay, deny, excuse, finish, imagine, include, keep(on), mind, , practice, miss, resist.短语: be/get used to ,cant help/stop, cant stand , give up, feel like, look forward to, get down to,have difficulty/trouble (in),be busy (in),put offe.g.She sat there without _ (speak) I look forward to_ (see) him again.Are you used to _ (live) there alone? When my father heard the news, he couldnt help _ (laugh).I dont feel like _ (go) to see the film. He was busy _ (prepare) his lessons主动表被动: The room wants _ (clean). The method needs _ (improve). This pair of shoes require _ (mend). The problem needs_ (work out). The question is well worth _ (discuss)d）动词 “like, love, hate, prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。当用在 should, would之后时，只跟不定式例如：I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon. What would you like to eat tonight?动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个 物主代词或 名词所有格来表示 这个动名词逻辑上的语 ,构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语a. 动名词复合结构作主语时一般用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词。b. 例如： Nixons visiting China marked a new year between U.S. and China diplomatic relations. 尼克松访问中国标志着中美外交关系进入一个新的时代Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.b. 在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。例如： The doctor does not mind me /my eating a little meat occasionally.【导学】三： 分词 【知识点】1：分词的作用 现在分词表示：主动，动作正在进行。过去分词表示：被动，动作已经完成。1作定语Do you know the boy standing at the gate?Have you read the book written by Lu Xun？2作表语We are excited at the news.The news he told us is exciting.3作宾语补足语I heard him singing a song in the classroom.We found the ground covered with snow.4作状语While lying in bed, he listened to some music.Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别:现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成1. (Seeing) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. 2.(Hearing/heard the bad news,) /(When they heard the bad news), they couldnt help crying. 3.(Giving/Given more time, )we could do it better. (If they had been given more attention)4. I stood by the door, not daring to say a word. Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. (Because he was so angry)5. They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. (and they were singing laughing) 6.To serve the people well, I study hard. (In order to serve the people well) 【知识点】2：分词的时态现在分词分一般式和完成式，而过去分词则没有时态形式的变化。现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在谓语动词之前发生。例如：Knowing his uncle would come, he began to make some preparations.现在分词的完成时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,常用作状语。例如：Having finished his homework, he went to bed. 【知识点】3：现在分词的被动式被动一般式 being done 被动完成式 having been doneThis is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city. Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machine. 【知识点】4：分词的否定形式分词的否定式，由not+分词构成，例如：Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again.Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.【知识点】5：分词独立主格结构当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。例如：Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.The meeting being over, they all left the room.Given more time, we could do it better.The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.She stood there, book in hand.Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner.由There being +主语 这种结构多表示原因。例如：There being a lot of books to read, he often studied till midnight.因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。with + 复合宾语结构（1）with + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词 Dont speak with your mouth full.（2）with + 名词 / 代词 + 副词 The square looks more beautiful than ever with the lights on.（3）with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语 He was asleep with his head on his arms.（4）with + 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.（5）with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式 With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived here.（6）with + 名词 / 代词 + -en分词 With his matter settled, we left the room.【基础巩固】1、 We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketball, _ that all children like these things.A thinking B think C to think D thought2、 There have been several new events _ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.A add B to add C adding D added3、 I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works.A working; stopping B to work; stoppingC working; to stop D to work; to stop4、 A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left _.A unsatisfied B unsatisfying C to be satisfying D being satisfied5、 No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed6、 _ this cake, youll need 2 eggs,175g sugar and 175g flour.A Having made B Make C To make D Making7、 If you think that treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things, think again.A gets B got C to get D getting8、 As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _A to use B to be used C to have used D to be using9、 It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness _.A to make B to be made C making D being made10、 The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008.A hold B holding C held D to be held11、 _ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.A Faced B Face C Facing D To face12. AIDS is said _ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.A that it is B to be C that it has been D to have been13. Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table.A do B to do C doing D and doing14. Faced with a bill for $10,000, _.A John has taken an extra job B the boss has given John an extra jobC an extra job has been taken D an extra job has been given to John15. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out.A to tell B to be told C telling D told16. Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award, a title_ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.A being given B is given C given D was given17. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday.A have been missing B have got lost C be missing D get lost18. The bird flu _ through Asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20 times so far,_ 16.A sweeps; killed B swept; killing C sweeping; to kill D sweeping; killing19. The man _ of shooting 6 school children was caught by Beijing police, the Xinhua News Agency reported on Friday.A being suspected B suspecting C suspected D to be suspected20. The students entered the classroom, smiling and _ , and _ down to have their lessons.A talked; sat B talking; sitting C talking; sat D talked; sitting21. Have you ever heard of an American president called Chester A. Arhur?No , and hes not mentioned in my history book at all. He seems _A to have been completely forgotten B having completely forgottenC to have completely forgotten D completely forgetting 22. With the magazine An Express Way to English _ us , we will improved our language skills a lot.A helping B helped C has helped D to help23. It displeases my parents when Richard and I stay out late at night. My parents dont approve _A of Richard and me staying out late at nightB of me and Richard staying out late at nightC to Richardss and my staying out late at nightD when Richard and me stay out late at night24. A communicative satellite _ as much as 3.5 tons was sent up into space last week.A weighing B weighed C to be weighed D being weighed25. _ of stealing money from the bank, he was questioned by the police.A Accusing B Accused C Having accused D To accuse【强化拓展训练】 如何写好非谓语动词众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。恰当地运用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅句型多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意明。一、运用非谓语动词转换简单句1我为那事感到非常遗憾，开始考虑做些什么来帮一下。 I feel quite sorry for that.I begin to think about what to do to help.2另一方面，我将帮着建立英语角，提供给我们学生一个练习英语口语的平台。On the other hand，I will help set up the E