高考英语语法填空答题技巧.doc

语法填空一、纯空格试题的解题技巧 纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词。 首先，分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。共有以下7个技巧：技巧1：在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词。 例1：I cant send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _1_ gets there almost in a second.技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等），很可能是填限定词。 例2：It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help_2_ rice crop grow up quickly. 技巧3：名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面，一定是填介词。 例3：who should have the honour of receiving me _3_ a guest in their house. 技巧4: 若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。 例4：two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso 4 Cabdido Poitinari, which are worth millions of dollars. 技巧5：若两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词（连接并列的句子）或从属连词（连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句）。例5：The greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini _5 _died in 1926. 例6：He was very tired after doing thus foe a whole day, _6_he felt very happy. 技巧6: 由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。 (1) 由it is that 强调结构的形式，判断it 还是that。判断方法：去掉it is that结构，句子还是一个完整的句子就是强调句型。 (2) 由it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格是否填it. 例7：and _7_ was only after I heard she become sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精). 例8： as _8_ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two words-famous artists. 例9：Dating sites also makes_9_ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (3) 在倒装句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, notuntil等词。 例10：_10_ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. (4) so / such that句型 例11：This made the goat so jealous _11_ it began plotting against the donkey. (5) more than(与其说不如说，比更)句型。 例12：Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares _12_ how much he pays. 二、给出了动词的试题解题技巧 首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按照以下两点进行思考。技巧7：若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。 例13：When I die, I 13 (give) everything to you. 例14：That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, 14_(close) my book and walked away. 例15：In Loganm three people _15_(take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. 例16：Being too anxious to help an event develop often 16 (result) the contrary to our intention.（2008年广东高考语法填空） 例17：Now, Valentines Day is 17 (celebrate) in many countries around the world. 技巧8: 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v-ing形式，-ed形式，还是不定式，确定的方法主要有： (1) 作主语或宾语，通常用v-ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。 例18：but it is not enough only _18_(memorize) rules from a grammar book. 例19： 19 _(speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary (2) 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。 例20：_20_(complete) the project as planed, well have to work two more hours a day. (3) 作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词（v-ing）;若是被动关系，用过去分词（-ed）。例21：He saw the stone, _21_(say) to himself: “the night will be very dark.” 例22：The headmaster went into the lab, _22_(follow) by the foreign guests. 技巧9: 动词的词类转换主要做主语、宾语和定语。 例23：There are 23 (comfort) feelings often as any kind of physical pain. 例24：They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building 24 (equip) to dig holes 例25：These people have made great _ 25 (contribute) to China with their work. 三、词类转换题的解题技巧 这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词，根据该词在句中所作句子成分确定用那种形式，具体技巧有以下三种。 技巧10: 作表语（在系动词之后）、定语（修饰名词）或宾补（表性质状态），通常用形容词形式。 例26：The youngster immediately fell _26_(silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 例27：Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _27_(interest) in the subject. 技巧11: 修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。 例28：As I looked _28 (close) at this girl, I found that 例29： 29 (fortune),the guest escaped unharmed. 技巧12: 有的词义转换题，词类或词性不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-, in-等，在词根后加-less等。 例30： People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _30_(use).例31：Your mistake caused a lot of _31_(necessary) work in the office. 技巧13: 括号中所给词若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。 例32：The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could he jumped even _32_(hard) and nearly made himself out. 例33：The _33_(bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. 例34：, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 34 (high) 以上仅对语法填空中的主要情况进行了概括，在做语法填空题时，还应注意英语中的固定句型、固定搭配等。语法填空练习Last Friday Miss Wang gave us a lesson on the history of English. I learned much from it. She said _1_ English was not the language of English until the 5th century when the Germans came. I never expected English has many French words just _2_ a Frenchman William became the king of England _3_ 1066. Whats more, we really couldnt believe our ears when Miss Wang told _4_ that English has become an international language _5_ (part) because its grammar is easy! Miss Wang said that other language in Europe have _6_ (difficult) grammar than English.The lesson of that day was so strange _7_ interesting.Well, I think it is foolish _8_ us to learn a very difficult language, isnt it? Once I didnt like English, but after this lesson, I find I am interested in it. Miss Wang _9_ (promise) that she would tell us more about English the next week. I cannot wait _10_ (have) the coming lesson.语法填空答题技巧参考答案：1. it 2. his 3. as 4. and 5. who 6. but 7. it 8. it 9. it 10. Only 11. that 12. than 13. will give 14. closed 15. were taken 16. results in 17. celebrated 18. to memorize 19. Speaking 20. To complete 21. saying 22. followed 23. uncomfortable 24. equipment 25. contributions 26. silent 27. interested 28. closely 29. Fortunately 30. useless 31. unnecessary 32. harder 33. worse 34. higher语法填空参考答案：1. that 2. because 3. in 4. us 5. partly 6. more difficulty 7. but 8. of 9. promised 10. to have1. 考查词形转换近几年来，词形转换大多是形容词变副词，其他是名词变形容词、动词变名词、动词变形容词。例1 He must be 20 (mental) disabled. (2011广东省高考)解析：mentally。副词mentally用来修饰后面的形容词disabled，mentally disabled意为“智障”。例2 His teacher took a deep drink, smiled 34 (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. (2010广东省高考)解析：warmly。warmly用来修饰前面的动词smiled。例3 We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night.(2007广东省高考)解析：merrily。merrily用来修饰前面的动词talked。例4 One Sunday morning in August I went to a local musical festival. I left it early because I had an appointment 16 (late) that day.(2011广东省高考)解析：later。late作副词时，意为“迟，晚”。根据句子逻辑含义可知句意：那天我早些离开了(音乐节)是因为随后我有个约会。later意为“随后，后来”。例5 This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 (nature) course.(2008广东省高考)解析：natural。此处填形容词natural修饰course。例6 But Jane knew from past experience that her 36 (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.(2009广东省高考)解析：choice。此处填名词choice作宾语从句的主语。例7 Mary felt 18 (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.(2012广东省高考)解析：pleased。由于主语是人，故此处用pleased。例8 “That would be a very 19 (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.(2013广东省高考)解析：reasonable。此处填形容词reasonable修饰thing。例9 “But such a small thing couldnt 23 (possible) destroy a village.”(2013广东省高考)解析：possibly。possibly用来修饰后面的动词destroy。2. 考查非谓语动词这类考查包括对动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词的考查。(1) 考查现在分词例1 He spit it out, 37 (say) it was awful. (2010广东省高考)解析：saying。由于say这一动作是由主语He发出的，故填现在分词。saying在句中作伴随状语。例2 I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 18 (sit) at the front. (2011广东省高考)解析：sitting/sit。根据固定用法notice sb. do/doing sth.可知，此处应填sitting或者sit。例3 He suddenly appeared in class one day, 16 (wear) sun glasses.(2012广东省高考)解析：wearing。wear这一动作是由主语He发出的，故此处填现在分词。wearing在句中作伴随状语。例4 “In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always 25 (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.” (2013广东省高考)解析：thinking。think这一动作是由主语everyone发出的，故此处填现在分词，thinking在句中作伴随状语。(2) 考查过去分词例 While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.(2007广东省高考)解析：settled。get sb. settled“把某人安顿好”。(3) 考查不定式例1 For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.(2008广东省高考)解析：to help。不定式作目的状语。例2 She wished that he was as easy 32 (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. (2009广东省高考)解析：to please。主语+谓语(系动词)+形容词(difficult, easy, hard, etc.)+动词不定式(用主动形式表被动含义)。【跟踪训练】 1. Everything seemed to be going (smooth) for the first two days after I moved to New York. 2. Harry is feeling (comfort). He must have drunk too much at the party last night. 3. This is by far the most (inspire) movie that I have ever seen. 4. I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time there are more (meaning) things to do. 5. Generally, students inner motivation with high (expect) from others is essential to their development. 6. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer will create many economic (possible) around the world. 7. Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their (nature) desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes. 8. (tradition), college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey. 9. David is (allergy) to animal fur, so he wont visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.10. The famous (music), as well as his students, was invited to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.11. The Forbidden City attracts a constant stream of (visit) every day, especially during national holidays.12. A society cannot be (success) if it throws tradition away.13. I stayed up late (write) a report last night.14. Not knowing which university (attend), the girl asked her teacher for advice.15. The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.16. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail (wait) for her.17. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words (use) in daily conversations.18. When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.19. (recycle) is one way to protect the environment; reusing is another.20. The sun began to rise in the sky, (bathe) the mountain in golden light.21. You cannot accept an opinion (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.22. Every day read a proverb aloud several times until you have it (memorize).23. Lionel Messi, (set) the record for the most goals in a year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.24. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.25. (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.26. (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.27. Anyone, once (test) positive (阳性的) for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government. 28. Would you mind (answer) some questions on shopping habits?3. 考查谓语动词时态及语态 “一般过式时”是近几年语法填空谓语动词考查的重点。此外，还考查了“过去进行时”以及表虚拟语气的“had done结构”。例1 The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote and poor village.(2007年广东省高考)解析：broke。sb. was doing sth. when sth. did表示“某人正在做某事时，这时发生了”。例2 Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or 34 (push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. (2009年广东省高考)解析：pushed。根据前面的连词or可知，此处应用一般过去时与stepped在时态上保持一致。stepped和pushed作并列谓语。例3 After a four-day journey, the young man 33 (present) the water to the old man.(2010年广东省高考)解析：presented。年轻人把水赠送给老年人是过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时 例4 He 19 (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.(2011年广东省高考)解析：was pretending。根据下文giving it a voice可知，此处应用过去进行时。was pretending和(was) giving作并列谓语。例5 He walked in as if he 17 (buy) the school. (2012年广东省高考)解析：had bought。as if从句所表达的内容与事实相反，表示对过去的虚拟，故用had done结构。例6 Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane 40 (inform). (2009年广东省高考)解析：was informed。她的母亲高兴地说：“你的父亲最终决定戒烟了。” Jane被告知。由于动作发生在过去并且Jane是动作的承受者，故此处填was informed。 例7 Suddenly, he 16 (find) that he had run out of salt.(2013年广东省高考)来源:学优解析：found。宾语从句中的had run out of salt为过去完成时，所以主句应为一般过去时。故此处填found。4. 考查形容词或副词的比较级近几年来，出现了对单音节形容词或副词比较级的考查。例1 The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be 39 (sweet).”(2010年广东省高考)解析：sweeter。根据句子逻辑含义及语法可知，此处应填sweet的比较级sweeter。“nothing(具有否定含义的不定代词)+谓语+形容词比较级”表达最高级含义。句意为：没有什么比它更甜的了(言外之意它是最甜的)。例2 He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 38 (high).(2008年广东省高考)解析：higher。根据句子逻辑含义及语法可知，此处应填high的比较级higher。句意为：这样做了一整天之后，他非常劳累，但是他觉得很高兴，因为庄稼确实“长得”更高了。例3 It might have made it a little 21 (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didnt stop the kids in the class.(2012年广东省高考)解析：harder。根据句子逻辑含义及语法可知，此处应填har