Disease

Medical Terminology-Diseases(医学英语术语之疾病),What is Medical Terminology?,Medical Terminology: It is a special vocabulary used by health care professionals for effective and accurate communication.Eg: hyperglycemia, gastritis,hypotension,Introducing Medical Terminology through a Case,Maria Smith, a 28-year -old woman,was treated for injuries in a car accident. During her course of treatment,she was seen by several specialists.,For pain in her knee and hip joints,she was referred to an orthopedist.For migraine headaches and blurry vision, she consulted a neurologist.For pain on urination and occasional bloody urine,she saw a urologist.,orthopedist(骨科医师),neurologist（神经科医师）urologist（泌尿科医师） ist: specialist in a field of studycardiologist? dermatologist ?,During her initial course of treatment, she had a CT scan of her abdomen and brain and an MRI of her hip and knee.CT scan =Computed Tomography ScanMRI=Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Lecture One-Diseases,1. Definition and Categories of Diseases (疾病的定义和种类)2. Word Formation Related to Diseases (疾病名称的构词方法)3. Names of Common Diseases (常见疾病名称),1. Definition and Categories of Diseases (疾病的定义和种类),What are the common diseases?What are their English names?,headache,fever,obesity,cough,1. Definition and Categories of Diseases (疾病的定义和种类),1.1 Definition of DiseasesA disease is an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions, associated with specific symptoms and signs.,1. Definition and Categories of Diseases (疾病的定义和种类),1.2 Categories of Diseases1.2.1 Infectious diseases（传染性疾病）1.2.2 Degenerative diseases(退行性疾病) 1.2.3 Neoplasia（肿瘤、增生）1.2.4 Immune disorders （免疫失调）1.2.5 Metabolic disorders （代谢紊乱）1.2.6 Hormonal disorders （激素水平紊乱）1.2.7 Mental and emotional disorders（精神和情感障碍 ）,1.2 Categories of Diseases,1.2.1 Infectious diseases（传染性疾病） Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi(真菌).The diseases can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another.Eg: flu, hepatitis B,1.2 Categories of Diseases,1.2.2 Degenerative diseases(退行性疾病) Degenerative diseases result from wear and tear,aging,or trauma(injury) that can result in a lesion(wound损伤) and perhaps necrosis(death) of tissue.Eg: dementia,osteoporosis(骨质疏松),1.2 Categories of Diseases,1.2.3 Neoplasia（肿瘤、增生） Neoplasia indicates abnomal and uncontrolled growth of tissue.Eg: hepatoma,lymphoma,1.2 Categories of Diseases,1.2.4 Immune disorders （免疫失调）Immune disorders are failures of the immune system,allergies,and autoimmune(自身免疫的) diseases, in which the body makes antibodies（抗体） to its own tissues.Eg: AIDS,SLE(Systemic Lupus Erythematosus),1.2 Categories of Diseases,1.2.5 Metabolic disorders （代谢紊乱）Metabolic disorders result from lack of enzymes or other factors needed for cellular functions.Eg: obesity, hypertension,1.2 Categories of Diseases,1.2.6 Hormonal disorders （激素水平紊乱）Hormonal disorders are caused by underproduction or overproduction of hormones or by inability of the hormones to function properly.Eg: diabetes,hyperthyroidism,1.2 Categories of Diseases,1.2.7 Mental and emotional disorders（精神和情感障碍 ）They are disorders that affect the mind and adaptation of an individual to his or her environment.Eg:mania,depression,2. Word Formation Related to Diseases (疾病名称的构词方法),hepato=liver (肝)Cardio=heart (心脏)gastro =stomach(胃)Nephro=kidney(肾),Oma=tumor(肿瘤)itis=inflammation（发炎）Algia=pain （疼痛）Pathy=disease (疾病),Hepatitis B ? Gastropathy ? Nephralgia ? 心脏病？ 肾炎？ 肝肿瘤,Hepatitis B? Gastropathy ? Nephralgia ? 心脏病？ 肾炎？ 肝肿瘤,乙型肝炎胃病肾痛CardiopathyNephritisHepatoma,病例翻译：Miss Lee, aged 33,went to the affiliated hospital to Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) because of hepatoma.陈先生，47岁，患有肾病十年。2年前因肾炎发作前来就诊。,3. Names of Common Diseases (常见疾病名称),3.1 Places: Lyme disease(莱姆病), West Nile disease3.2 People:Cooley anemia（库利氏贫血）, Athletes foot3.3 Symptoms:sickle cell anemia(镰状细胞贫血)，skin anthrax(炭疽)3.4 Color: yellow fever (黄热病)，scarlet fever(猩红热),Review,1.What are the seven kinds of disease?2.What are the meaning of these medical terms -hepatoma,gastropathy,carditis,nephralgia?,1,1.2.1 Infectious diseases（传染性疾病）1.2.2 Degenerative diseases(退行性疾病) 1.