不定式的用法.docx

不定式的用法一、动词不定式 （一） 定义：动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词它的形式是“to十动词原形”，但to有时也可以省略。现在就让我们一起来看一下动词不定式的形式和用法 我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构作宾语或宾补的动词主要有:want, learn, try, decide, forget , remember, like, love,stop等。如: I want to see a film我想去看电影 They decided to take; a long vacation in Paris. 他们决定去巴黎度长假 动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not，即not to do sth.。如: Jim told me not to wake np Kate.吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特 【练习一】选择( )1. “What are you going to do this weekend?” “Id like my parents.” A. to visit B. visit C. visiting D.visited( )2. Whats your plan for the summer holidays? Ive no idea, but Ive decided at home.A. stay B. to stay C. stayed D. staying( )3. Last week our geography teacher told us more information about how to protect the environment. A. get B. got C. to get D. getting( )4. Our headmaster asked us a report on how to protect wild animals. A. write B. writing C. to write D. wrote( )5. How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up?It makes me very proud. A. felt B. to feel C. feeling D. feel( )6. -Please tell the boys -_any noise. My baby is sleeping.-OK. Ill do it at once.A. not make B.to make C. not to make（二）用作主语 直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如：1、把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 2、用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： Itbe名词to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the work? Itbe形容词for sbto do 逻辑主语It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour. Itbe形容词of sbto do “It is stupid of you to write down everything”， the teacher says. 注意：（1）当上面的形容词指的是to do sth的性质时，用介词for。Its dangerous for children to swim in the river. 孩子在这条河里游泳很危险。（游泳这件事情危险）（2）当上面的形容词指的是sb的性质时，用介词of。这些形容词往往修饰人：good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, nice, clever, right, wrong, careful, carelessIt was careless of you to do that. 你这么做真粗心。（你这个人粗心）It seems(appears)形容词to do It seemed impossible to save money. 3、带疑问词的不定式短语作主语How to solve the problem is hard for him. 【练习二】动词不定式作主语( )1. Its our duty _ the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans( )2. Its hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning( )3. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. or；of B. of； for C. to；for D. of；to4.建造这座桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the bridge.（三）用作表语动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征，通常放在连系动词（主要是be动词）后。如：1.The best way to improve your English is to join an English club. 2.The first thing is to greet the teacher.（四）用动词不定式作宾语的动词与结构。 1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求、选择、同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望、决定、学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可、假装、知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望、想要、愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3)Id love to visit Mexico2.动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动词不定式，句子结构是.feel / find / make / . it+adj. / n.+to do.。如：I find it difficult to remember everything. 3.既可接动词不定式又可接v.ing形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，ving形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如：1)Then I started to watch English-language TV.2)Im beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am. begin用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。3)I like to eat vegetables. 感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。4.后接动词不定式或ving形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接ving形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事，to do是目的状语；stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事，doing是宾语。try to do尽力做，try doing试试看；go on to do接着做另外的事，go on doing继续做原来的事。如：1)When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.2)I stopped using them last year.及物动词+不定式一般形式： 谓语动词(vt.) +不定式(作宾语) 说 明want(想) / try(试图) / decide(决定) / would like(想要) / hope(希望) / love(喜爱) / learn(学会) / afford(提供) / agree(同意) / fail(失败、未能) / mean(意味着) / prefer(宁愿) / wish(希望) + to (do) (无)help(帮助) to可以省略begin(开始)/ start(开始)/hate(憎恨) 也可跟动名词,意义变化不大forget(忘记) / remember(记得)/ like(总爱) 也可跟动名词,意义变化较大（五）用作补语1，带to的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有：要求、允许、提议(ask, allow, permit, advise)，期望、邀请、鼓励(expect, suppose, invite, encourage)，教导、告诉、想要(teach, tell, want)，等待、希望、愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：1) Id invite her to have dinner at my house.2) Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.3) Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones.2,感官动词和使役动词，省to不定式，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, listen to，一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如：1)This picture makes me feel tense！2)Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.3.help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。一般说来，带to表间接帮助，不带to表直接帮助。总结：谓 语 动 词(vt.) + 宾语 (人 / 物) +不定式 (作宾语补足语)ask(请) / tell(关照) / teach(教) / want(想要) / would like(想要) / get(让) / invite(邀请) / like(喜欢) / warn(警告) / help(帮) / +sb. / sth. +to (do)make(使得) / let(让) / hear(听) / see(看) / feel(感觉) / watch(观看)/ have(使得) / help(帮助) +sb. / sth. + (do)注意：hear / see / feel / watch之后的宾补用不定式与现在分词时,含义不同,试比较：I heard her crying when I walked past.(我路过时听到她正在哭)(指当时瞬间的情况)I sat near her and heard her sing the new song.(我坐在她附近听她唱新歌)(指整个过程)【练习三】（一）动词不定式作宾语（ ）1. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys （ ）2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking （ ）3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep （二）动词不定式作宾语补足语（ ）1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with （ ）2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked（六）作定语：（注：动词不定式（短语）作定语总是后置。） 此时，如果动词不定式的动词为不及物动词，后面的介词绝对不能省