初一英语语法知识点.doc

语法专项复习一一、一般现在时1. 一般现在时的含义 ： 表示现在的状态； 表示经常或习惯性的动作； 表示主语具备的性格和能力。2. 一般现在时的谓语的构成 动词be肯定式 I am 。 否定式 I am not 。You/We/They are You/We/They arentShe/He/It is She/He/It isnt疑问式和简略回答Am I？ Yes, you are. No, you arent.Are you? Yes, I am/we are. No, I am not/we arent.Are we/they? Yes, we/they are. No, we/they arent. 动词 do肯定式：I/We/You/They+动词原形+其他。 She/He/It+动词第三人称单数形式+其他。否定式：I/We/You/They dont+动词原形+其他。 She/He/It doesnt+动词原形+其他。疑问式和简略回答Do I/you/we/they+动词原形+其他？Yes,I/you/we/they do. No,I/you/we/they dont.Does she/he/it +动词原形+其他成分Yes,she/he/it does. No,she/he/it doesnt. 主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要变化规则变化：一般情况下直接+s，如：work-works，ask-asks，see-sees；以s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾+es，如：watch-watches，go-goes，do-does，wash-washes以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加es，如try-tries，study-studies，fly-flies不规则变化：如have-has练一练1. 写出下列单词的第三人称单数形式play go hurry teach buy see wash walk miss watch come say 2. 用所给动词的适当形式完成短文Its Teds first day at school in Shanghai. The teacher (take) him to the classroom. The students (ask) him， “_(do) you speak English or Chinese?” He _ (say),“Both. My father is an Englishman and my mother is a Chinese woman.” Ted _（like）his new classmates. After school,he _(say) to his parents, I_ (love) my new school,teacher and classmates.二、代词1. 人称代词人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格第一人称 I me we us；第二人称 you；第三人称 he she it； him her it；they them2. 物主代词单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our their名词性物主代词 Mine yours his hers its ours theirs形容词性的物主代词只能作定语，名词性的物主代词可作主语，宾语或表语其后不加名词。This is my book. Yours is on the chair. 这是我的书，你的在椅子上。Our classroom is big. Theirs is small. 我们的教室很大，他们的很小。练一练 填上或选择适当的代词1. Thank you very much for _ help.2. Mr. White is a good teacher. We must learn from _.3. “Are these books yours?” “No, _ are not _. They are Toms.”4. _ (He, Her, His ) name is Jack. _ (She, He, His) is a teacher.5. _ (I, My, Mine ) aunt is a nurse. _ (She, He, Her) works very hard.6. My pen is red. How about _( her, hers, she)?（二）时间前介词的用法 at1. 用在具体的某一时间前，即表示几点几分。I get up at six oclock in the morning. 我在早晨六点起床。2. 用在at noon (在中午) at night(在夜里) at that time(在那时)at Christmas(在圣诞节)等短语中We often go out for a walk at night. 我们在夜晚出去散步。 in1. 用在某年某月某季某周前in winter 在冬天 in October 在十月 in the first week 在第一周 in 2008 在2008年2. 用来表示“在白天、早晨、上午、下午、晚上”in the day 在白天 in the morning 在早晨 in the afternoon在下午 in the evening 在晚上3. 表示在一段时间之后或之内Hell come back in two days. 他将在两天后回来。 on1. 用来表示具体的某一天或具体的某个节日on my birthday 在我生日那天 on May 1st 在五一on Sunday 在周日 on Teachers Day在教师节2. 用来表示具体某一天的上下午或晚上on Monday morning 在周一的早晨 on the evening of October 10th在10月10日的晚上 for 表示延续的时间段After class I have volleyball for two hours. 放学后我打两个小时的排球。The Green family have been in China for four years.格林一家来中国已经两年了。 from 从到The shop opens from 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. 这家商店从早晨8点到晚上9点营业。We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五上学。注意：名词前如果有this，last，next 一般不用介词例题 17They have no classes_ Saturday and Sunday.A. in B. on C. at D. from例题 18He goes to bed _ nine every day.A. in B. on C. at D. for例题 19I will finish the work _ two weeks.A. for B. on C. in D. at例题 20Tom often gets up _ six _ the morning.A. at, on B. on, in C. at, at D. at , in例题 21She likes go swimming _ Sunday morning.A. at B. in C. on D. for例题 22We went to the city _ a very cold evening.A. at B. in C. on D. for例题 23Every evening I watch TV _ two hours.A. in B. from C. for D. about语法专项 (四)(一) 冠词1. 种类：（1）不定冠词：a / an 以辅音音素开头的可数名词前用a: a unit以元音音素开头的可数名词前用an : an uncle an houran egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock /an actor / an e-mail / an address / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson（2）定冠词：the the egg the plane2. 定冠词的用法：（1）特指某（些）人或某（些）物： The ruler is on the desk.（2）复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.（3）谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys arent at school.（4）在序数词前： Johns birthday is February the second.(5) 世界上独一无二的事物 the sun the moon(6) 用于姓氏的复数前，表一家人。the Smiths史密斯一家 the Greens格林一家（7）用于固定词组中： in the morning / afternoon / evening3. 零冠词的情况：（1）专有名词前：China is a big country.（2）名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：This is my baseball.（3）复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys cant swim. They are teachers.（4）在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. Its Sunday.（5）一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.（6）球类、棋类运动前： They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.* 但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well.（7）学科名称前： My favorite subject is music.（8）在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr. Li.（9）固定词组中： at noon at night by bus go to school go to bed at school例题1 (06河北)There is _ apple tree in my garden. Its over 10 years old.A. the B. a C. an D. /例题2 (07河北)_ woman in a purple skirt is Bettys mother. A. The B. A C. An D./例题3There is _ “m” in the word mother.A .a B. an C. the D./例题4We often have sports after class, I like to play_ chess.A. a B. an C. the D. /例题5When does Lily go to _ bed in _ evening?A. the, the B .a, the C./, the D. the, /例题6His _ first name is Tom.A. the B. a C. an D. /(二) 名词复习例题7There are some _ on the floor.A. child B. water C. boxes D. tomatosNo hurry. (别急) There is _ time left.A. little B. few C. a little D. a few例题8There are _ and _ on the table.A. two boxes cake; four bottle of orangesB. two boxes cake; four bottle of orangeC. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orangeD. two box of cakes; four bottles of oranges例题9There are many _ in our school.A. woman teachers B. womans teachers C. women teachers D. womens teachers例题10I find my black cat in_ room.A. Jim and Mike B. Jim and MikesC. Jims and Mikes D. Jims and Mike例题11The school is a little far from here. Its about _ .A. twenty minutess walk B. twenty minutes walkC. twenty minutes walk D. twenty minutes walk例题12I have _ to do.A. lot of homework B. a lot of homeworksC. lots of homeworks D. a lot of homework例题13The running star