初中时态讲解和练习题解析.doc

个性化教学辅导教案学科 英语学生姓名江献聪年级高一任课 老师齐淑娇授课时间2013年7月11日教学目标教学内容: 初中语法考 点： 时态教学方法：时态专练课堂教学过程课前检查作业完成情况：优 良 中 差建议: 作业认真，知识点运用不够熟练。 过程课前交流，了解学生上次课的复习情况1）一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。2）现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为： 疑问词 + be + 动词ing?动词加ing的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping3) 一般将来时1用be doing表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词。 如：go, come, leave, arrive等，也可用于其他动作动词。 We are having fish for dinner. We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow. 这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语，如果不带时间状语，则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。2用be going to do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示“意图”，即打算在最近的将来或将来进行某事。 Are you going to post that letter? How long is he going to stay here?另一意义是表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。Its going to rain.3. 用will/ shall do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示预见。She will come to have class tomorrow. She wont come to have class tomorrow. 4. 用一般现在时表示。根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作，在时间和条件状语从句中，都可用一般现在时表示将来时。如：1. The new term starts （begins） on August 29th. 新学期八月二十九日开学。2. If it doesnt rain tomorrow， we will go out for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨，我们将出野餐。 3. Ill call you as soon as he gets home. 他明天一到家我就打电话通知你。4)、一般过去时考点：【一次、一度、未始料；连续发生、过去要】1. 考查一般过去时表示在过去特定时间中一次或一度发生的动作或存在的状态。如：Did you watch the football match broadcast on TV yesterday evening?你昨晚观看了电视转播的足球赛了吗?（过去一次）In 2004, bird flu struck China. 2004年的二月，禽流感席卷中国。（过去一度）2. 考查一般过去时表示始料未及的过去，即表示过去的意识、心态、看法等与现在不同,常用动词有know, realize, guess, expect, recognize, mean等，表示“(过去)没想到，没意识到，不知道”等意义。如： How time flies! Its already 10 oclock. 时间过得真快呀！已经十点了。 Oh, I didnt realize it at all. 噢，我根本没有觉察到。3. 考查一般过去时表示过去连续发生的动作或平行并列的动作。如：The students got up early in the morning, did morning exercises and then read English aloud in the open air.学生们很早起床，做早操，然后在室外朗读英语。4. 考查一般过去时表示在时间、条件状语从句中表示过去将要发生的动作。如：She told me she would not go if it rained the next day. 她告诉我如果第二天下雨的话，她就不去了。5)、过去进行时考点：【一点、一段、一背景、一将来】1. 考查过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 (一点)。如：This time yesterday, we were having an English lesson. 昨天这个时候，我们正在上英语课。2. 考查过去进行时表示过去某段时间内正在进行的动作(一段)。有时含有“未完成”的意义。如：He was watching TV at home from 3:00 to 5:00 yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午从3点到5点他一直在看电视。Shirley was reading a book last night but I dont know whether she has finished it. 雪梨昨晚一直在看一本书，不过我不知道她这会儿看完没有。3. 考查过去进行时表示过去的某个动作发生的背景 (一背景)。如：It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front. 那支医疗小组往前线行进时正下着雪。4. 考查过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。如：He told me that he was going soon.他告诉我他很快就要走了。6）现在完成时 1.用法一：现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如： Have you read that story？你读过那个故事吗？（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。） I have bought two apples 我买了两个苹果。 （“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。） 在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。如： I have already finished my homework我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ They havent started yet他们还没有动身。 We have never heard of it我们从来没有听说过这件事。2.用法之二: 表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 因为表示的是持续的动作或状态，所以使用的动词通常是延续性动词：be, stay, study, wait, keep, have 等；使用的时间状语通常由for或since 引导，但二者后接的词有所不同： for后常跟一个时间段，指某个动作到现在为止已持续了多长时间，如for three years, for half an hour等。 since 作介词，后面可以接一个时间点，如since 1980，也可以接“一段时间+ago”,如: since three years ago, since two months ago等。since 还可用作连词，引导一个过去时态的时间状语从句。如：We have known each other since we went to college. 非延续性动词不能直接和for 或since 连用，但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些非延续性动词，如:时态的基本判定方式：一、时间状语同时态的关系：一般情况下，简单句可根据句中的时间状语确定谓语动词的时态。其判定方式如下：1、句中含有yesterday; last year（last + 具体时间）; two days ago（一段时间 + ago）; just now; this morning; in 2008（in + 过去的年代）; the other day; over the weekend等时间状语时，谓语动词用一般过去时；2、句中含有tomorrow; next week（next +具体时间）; in two hours（in +一段时间）; (how) soon; from now on; 10 years from now（一段时间+from now）; in the future; in 2012（in +将来的年代）; by (the end of) next month（by+将来时间）; for the weekend; this afternoon; this evening; tonight; this weekend等时间状语时，谓语动词用一般将来时；3、句中既有yesterday等过去时间状语，又有一个具体时间点（at 5:00; this time; at that time）时，谓语动词用过去进行时；4、句中含有recently; in the last/past two years（in the last/past+一段时间）; over the years（over the+一段时间）; since 2005（since+具体时间或从句）; for two years（for+一段时间，句中无其它时间状语）; before（单独用于句尾）等时间状语时，谓语动词用现在完成时；5、by (the end of) last year（by+过去时间）; two days before（一段时间+before）; for和since说明的时间同时用于句中;by the time + 从句（过去时态）等时间状语时，谓语动词用过去完成时；6、简单句中如不含上述时间状语或有含说话时间在内的表示现在时间关系的词语时（如now; today; these days等词），其时态的判定一般按以下步骤进行： - 句中是否含有表示频率关系的词。如有，用一般现在时； - 句子是否说明客观规律。如是，用一般现在时； - 句中动词是否表示状况。如是，用一般现在时； - 句中动词是否为延续性动态动词。如是，用现在进行时； - 句中动词是否为完成性动词（瞬间动词）。如是，用现在完成时。二、主从句时态的一致性原则：主从复合句可根据其时态一致性原则，通过主从句中任意一个句子的时态确定另外一个句子的时态；含有时间状语从句的主从句还可通过其引导词所表示的不同时间关系，确定主句和从句的时态。三、通过上下文关系判定时态：另外我们还可以根据并列谓语的时态一致性原则、问句和答语的时态一致关系、无转折时间的短文时态一致原则等上下文时态的关联以及句子的逻辑关系来判定句子中谓语动词的时态。7)过去完成时考点：【完成、延续与虚拟，过去的过去用过去时】过去完成时是“过去的过去”,要使用过去完成时，必须有两个过去的时间或动作，并且进行比较。1. 考查过去完成时表示过去的某个时间或动作之前已经发生的动作或己经存在的状态(完成)。如By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that work. 到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那工作。They came earlier than we had expected. 他们到得比我们预料的要早。2. 考查过去完成时表示某个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就开始，一直持续到这一过去时刻，并有可能继续下去(延续)。如：John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage. 约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。3. 考查过去完成时表示原打算做但事实上并未做成某事，常见的动词有hope, want, mean, intend, plan等，是一种虚拟用法(虚拟)。如：I had intended to call on you, but was prevented from doing so.我本打算去看你的，但没能去成。4. 考查“过去的过去”不一定用过去完成时（即：过去的过去使用一般过去时）的情况由before 或after 引导的状语从句的句子，因before 和after 已经表明时间先后，所以可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。when表示as soon as 的意义引出过去两个动作时，可以都用一般过去时。如：The train (had) started before I reached the station.在我到达车站之前，列车已经开了。The discussion came alive when an interesting topic was brought in.一引出有趣的话题，讨论就立即活跃起来。中考英语时态真题集锦1.（2007武汉）What do you do?Im an engineer. I _ in a company in Wuhan. I like my job very much.A. work B. had worked C. will work D. worked2.(2006武汉)Is your father a doctor? Yes, he is. He_ in Town Hospital. A. has worked B. had worked C. works D. worked3.(2006陕西)Every year many foreigners _to China to learn Chinese.A. have come B. comes C. came D. come4.(2009海淀区一模）My mother will take me to the movie if she _ free this weekend. A. is B. will be C. was D. would be5.(2009崇文区一模)The girls will have a trip if it _fine.A. is B. was C. will be D. has been6.(2009海淀区一模)Wheres Susan, Mike?She _ in the kitchen.A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking D. has cooked7.(2009西城区一模)Have you got a job offer?Not yet. I _.A. waited B. am waiting C. wait D. was waiting8.(2009宣武区一模)Do you think John will help me move the piano?Youd better not ask him. He _ a composition.A. write B. writes C. is writing D. wrote9.(2009崇文区一模)Wheres the children, Mr Black?Oh, they _ their PE lesson on the playground.A. have B. had C. are having D. have had10.（2006北京）Whats your brother doing in his room now? He _ a kite.A. makes B. made C. is making D. will make11.(2005北京) -Where is Frank now?-He _ his bike in the yard.A. fixes up B. fixing up C. is fixing up D. fixed12.（2008辽宁）Mary, could you help me?Wait a moment. I _.A. read a book B. did my homework C. was watching TV D. am cooking dinner 13.(2007浙江)Listen，who _ in the room?Lets go and see.A. is crying B. crying C. cry D. cries14.(2006山东威海)Are you a baby-sister here?No. I _after the baby instead of Ms Green. She is away for shopping.A. look B. am looking C. have looked D. looked15.(2009海淀一模)Whats the best food have you had in Beijing, Alex?Roast duck! I _to a famous restaurant to have it last week.A. have gone B. go C. will go D. went16.(2009宣武区一模)Do you know how many gold medals the 23-year-old Michael Phelps _at the 2008 Summer Olympic Games?Eight.A. win B. wins C. won D. has won17.(2008北京)We were in Qingdao last week and _ great fun there. A. will have B. have had C. had D. have18.(2008四川泸州)Yesterday，Tonys family _ a good time.A. has B. have C. had 19.（2007湖南湘潭）Im sorry youve missed the train. It _10 minutes ago.A. left B. has left C. had left20.(2007福州)Mr Green, _you_ Three Lanes and Alleys（三坊七巷）last Sunday?No, but Ill visit them next week.A. will; go to B. have; been to C. did; go to D. have; gone to21.(2007浙江)What did the teacher say just now?He _us not to play computer games all day. A. tells B. told C. has told D. is told22.(2007江西)Inventors have changed the way we live.So they are famous for the great things they _.A. do B. did C. are doing D. had done23.(06江西)Wheres the cake I made this morning?We _ it, mum. Can you make another one for us? A. ate B. eat C. will it D. were eating24.(2006天津)Have you mended your shoes，Bob?Yes，I_ them twenty minutes ago Ahave mended Bmend Chad mended Dmended25.(2006威海)The office was broken into last nightSomeone thinks you did itBut I_ the whole night with my best friend，John Aspend Bam spending Cspent Dhad spent 26.(2009西城区一模)When _ for Hong Kong, do you know?Im not sure. When he _, Ill let you know.A. he leaves ;leaves B. will he leave; will leave C. he leaves; will leave D. will he leave; leaves27.(2009崇文区一模)Where will they go next Sunday?They _ to the Great Wall. A. will go B. go C. has gone D. went28.（2008襄樊）Has he returned the library book yet?Not yet. Dont worry. He _it soon.A. returned B. has returned C. will return D. returns 29.(2007河南)Look at the noisy kids!Havent you heard the saying “When the cat is away, the mice _.”?A. play B. played C. are playing D. will play30.(2006厦门)He doesnt tell me when he_. Ill call you up as soon as he _.A. will come, arrives B. comes, arrives C. will come, will arrive31.(2006常德)If it_ tomorrow, we_ travel outside.A. will rain; will B. rains; wont C. will rain; wont32.(2006江西)Jim, can you help me to wash the dishes?Sorry, Dad. I_ to the shop. A. go B. went C. am going D. have been 33.(2009宣武区二模)- _ the latest Time magazine _yet?-Sorry, its late. Maybe tomorrow. A. Will; arrive B. Has; arrived C. Do; arrive D. Did; arrive 34.(2009朝阳区一模)Susan isnt here now. She _ to England. She will come back next month.A. will go B. has gone C. goes D. went35.(2009宣武区一模)How long _Korean singer Jang Nara _China?Four years. She can speak and sing in Chinese.A. does; go to B./; was in C. has; been to D. has; been in36.(2009崇文区一模)Would you like to see the film with me?Im sorry I _ it twice.A. see B. am seeing C. will see D. have seen 37.(2009东城区一模)Lucy_ her dog and now she is walking it.A. will find B. is finding C. has found D. finds38.(2008北京)Hello! Can I speak to Alice?Sorry she isnt here right now. She_ to the shop.A. goes B. will go C. has gone D. was going39.(2008杭州) She_ that same song so many times. Im getting sick of it!A. sings B. sang C. will sing D. has sung40.(2008广东)_you _your dictionary?No, so I have to buy a new one today.A. Did; find B. Have; found C. Are; finding D. Had; found41.(2008江西) I _to Cape Town, so I know nothing about it.A. dont travel B. wont travel C. havent traveled D. hadnt traveled42.(2008重庆)_you _the film Harry Potter 5?Not yet. Ill see it this Sunday.A. Did; see B. Are; seeing C. Have; seen D. Do; see43.（2008陕西） I wont forget my teacher because she_ so kind to me since I came to this school. A. has been B. will be C. has D. is44.(2008长沙)May I speak to Tom?Sorry, he is not at home. He _ to Shanghai. A. has been B. has gone C. goes45.(2007天津)In the past few years there _ great changes in my hometown.A. have been B. were C. had been D. are46.(2007河北) Henry speaks Chinese very well. He _ in China since 2002.A. stays B. stayed C. is staying D. has stayed47.(2007浙江宁波)Chen Jie, the workers_ our new library already.Really? Ill go there and borrow some books.A. decorated B. are decorating C. have decorated D. were decorated48.(2007北京)Its raining! When did it start?I dont know exactly. In fact, it _all this afternoon.A. lasts B. has lasted C. lasted D. will last49.(2007广东)Are you going to see the film with us?No, thanks. I _ it.A. saw B. have seen C. see D. was seeing50.(2006河南)They say theres a new restaurant nearby Yes，and it_ for no more than a week Ahas been open Bopens Cis opening Dis opened51.(2006南京)Kitty，will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening? No，I wont. I_ it alreadyAsaw Bhave seen Csee Dwill see 52.(2006哈尔滨)How long _ the film KING KONG_?For just several minutes Adid，begin B. has，begun Chas, been on53.(2009宣武区一模)I didnt see you when I came here last night. Where were you?I _ my project at home.A. designed B. have designed C. would design D. was designing54.(2009崇文区一模)My mother _ dinner when I came back.A. cooks B. has cooked C. is cooking D. was cooking55.(2006青海) I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.OhIm sorry. I_ dinner at my friends home. A. had B. was having C. have had 56.(2006呼和浩特) What_ when your mother called you up? Aare you doing B. did you do Cyou were doing D. were you doing 57.(2007安徽) I called you at half past nine this morning, but there was no answer.Oh, sorry. I _with my cousin in the supermarket.A. shop B. was shopping C. shopped D. will shop58.(2007江西)I knocked into a tree when I went to the railway station for my friend.I suppose you _too fast.A. drive B. are driving C. drove D. were driving 59.(2007河北)When I went to say goodbye to Anna, she _ the piano.A. is playing B. plays C. was playing D. played 60.(2007广东)His parents wanted to know what he _ at that time.A. is doing B. was doing C. has done D. will go61.（2007湖北黄冈）Dick gave me a note while I _in the library.I guess he made it to say “sorry” to youA. am reading B. was reading C. reads D. will read62.(2008十堰)You were out when I dropped by your house.Oh, I _for a friend from England at the airport.A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited63.(2008常州)Last night I _ the homepage for my class when my friend call me.A. designed B. has designed C. was designing D. would design64.(2008河南)What did the teacher say just now?Sorry. I didnt catch it. I _something else.A. think B. will think C. was thinking D. had thought65.（2009东城区一模）Mary_ the piano well. She is often asked to play at the concert. A. play B. plays C. playing D. played66.(2008北京)Hell send us a message as soon as he _ in Sichuan.A. is arriving B. will arrive C. arrived D. arrives67.(2009崇文区二模)Dont turn off the radio. I _ to the news. A. listen B. have listened C. listened D. am listening68.(2009朝阳区一模)Have yo