2012年高考全国英语试题语法分类汇编之代词.doc

Unit 3 代 词【二轮方法导引】代词在近年高考试题中出现频率很高，每年至少测试一道题。一般常见的考点分布在：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词等，尤其是不定代词的考查更是重中之重。预测今后高考命题将继续加大对代词在具体、特定语境下灵活运用的考查。特别是不定代词one，the one，ones，the ones与指示代词this，that，these，those，it的用法区别，代词的肯定与否定、全部与部分的用法以及反身代词的惯用语。所以在二轮复习时重点要掌握好容易混淆的代词的辨析以及一些特殊用法。【让凌乱的条理起来】复习要点一 首先要强记一些特殊的用法1、人称代词作主语时，如果在孤立地使用无谓语的动词的句子中，或这种句中与动词不定式连用，常只用宾格。如： 1) - Does any of you know where Tom lives?- Me. 2) What ! Me (to) play him at chess? No!2表示惊奇、猜疑、反问、不满、厌烦等情绪，常只用宾格- Do you have good eyesight，young man?年轻人，你的视力好吗?- Me? I can see a sparrow two hundred paces away我?我能看见一只两百步外的云雀。3代替as，than等连词之后用主格、宾格都可以。(宾格多用于口语中，尤其用于句末)1) Im not as tall as him(he)我没有他个子高。2) She is much more careful than me(I)她比我细心得多。当这类人称代词带有all，both等同位语时，用宾格的形式就更为常见了。如：He works harder than us a11他比我们所有人学习都刻苦。4. 句子中代词作宾语或宾补时，与所替代的名词在人称、数。格及意义上一般要保持前后一致。如： 1) The thief was thought to be he. (the thief 是主格，故用he 代替) 2) They took me to be her. 他们误以为我是她。（me 是宾格，故用her替代）5. 在定语从句中，当先行词是代词he/she/those/anyone等时，从句的引导词指人时用who，先行词指物时用that/which. 1) Those who know the answer can go on with the other exercises. 2) Anything that benefits the people will be accepted. 6. all (both, every, each ) not = not all (both, every, each )构成部分否定，他们的全部否定分别是:none, neither, no one (nothing)7. 在反意问句中，代词作主语时，如果是指物的不定代词，如：something, nothing,等，反问部分应用it, 如果是指人的不定代词，如：someone, anyone 等，反问部分应用可用they 或 he 。如： Everyone knows how to do it , doesnt he / dont they ?8. 几个常用的反身代词固定短语 by oneself= alone 独自 for oneself独立、为自己be oneself处于正常状态,显得自然 enjoy oneself玩得愉快seat oneself坐下 dress oneself in 给自己穿devote oneself to专心于、献身于 help oneself to 自行取用、不用客气come to oneself苏醒 make oneself at home 不要客9. some 表示“某一、某个”相当于 a certain，但some 表此意时，只能修饰单数名词， 而certain 还可以修饰复数。如： some person = a certain person “某个人” some reason = a certain reason “某种原因”10. 表示 “一些”时， some 常用于肯定句，any 在否定或疑问中常用。但表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等，疑问句中常用some。any 如表示“任何，任一”时，常用肯定句。只跟单数可数名词或不可数。如：1) Your coffee smells great! Its from MexicoWould you like _?A. it B. some C. this D.1ittle【答案】B2） - Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?- _ way as you please.A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either 【答案】C 根据上下句的意思，这里含有选择的含义。因此排除A、 B，这里应表示在三者或以上中选择其一，故C。11. 两者之间 onethe other 一个另一个。三者之间oneanother the other 一个另一个还有一个多范围some others 一些另一些one another the others 一个另一个其余的12. “7123句型” 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式,动名词,宾语从句时,而后有宾补时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面,而用it作形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前。 “7”是指有7个常用动词：think, feel, make, find, consider, believe, suppose “1”指形式宾语“it”;“2”宾补的两种常用形式:形容词或名词(短语);“3”是真正宾语的三种形式:不定式短语、动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。I think it no use arguing with him.I found it very interesting to study English.He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.13. 一些动词如like, dislike, hate, appreciate, rely on/depend on, see to (对付，处理，务必)等如果后要接宾语从句时，则先加it, 再接从句。如：I hate it when people talk with their mouth full.Id appreciate it if you can lend me a hand. 注意：see to it that（务必）和take it for granted that（想当然）句型中的it，以及词组make it 中的it（做事成功，搞定）。14. 注意：anything but =definitely not / never; not at all,（决不，根本不） 如： The hotel was anything but cheap. 这家旅馆根本不便宜。nothing but=only 如： Nothing but a miracle can save her now. 现在只有出现奇迹才能救活她。 someone/body 可表示“重要人物”no one/nobody 小人物，无足轻重的人 如： He was a small-time lawyer keen to be someone. 他是个没有什么名堂却总想出人头地的律师。 She rose from being a nobody to become a superstar. 她从一个无名小辈一跃成为超级明星。复习要点二几组易混淆的代词. all，both，neither，none(1) all指三者或三者以上“都”，both指两者“都”。如：Both (of) his hands were wounded他的两只手都受伤了。All (of) his fingers were wounded他的手指都受伤了。(多于两个手指)(2) neither表示“两个都不”，常和of连用，放在带有冠词、物主代词或指示代词的复数名词之前，作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数或复数；none表示三个或三个以上“都不”，可用于人，也可用于物，后可接of短语，与复数名词、代词或单数集合名词连用作主语，指人时，谓语动词用单、复数皆可；指物时，只用第三人称单数形式。如：Neither of the twins is/are correct那两个双胞胎都不正确。None of us has/have ever been to the Great wall我们没有人去过长城。2. no，none，nothing，nobody(1)no不能单独使用，相当于not a或not any，作定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：You have no sympathy for the sufferings of others你对别人的痛苦没有同情心。(2)none既可以指人，也可以指物，侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物，用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句，可与介词of连用。如：None of the books is suitable for the young这些书都不适合年轻人读。一How many people are there in the room?屋内有多少人?一None没人。(3)nobody指人，用于回答who引导的疑问句；nothing指物，用于回答what引导的疑问句。如：一Who is in the room?谁在屋内?一Nobody没有人。【特别注意】none常是对有范围内的否定回答。（也就是说常对how much , how many 的否定回答）【考例】Of all the books on the desk, _ is of any use for our study. A. nothing B. no one C. neither D. none【答案】D 从题中 of all the books可知书的数量是三者以上，也就是定下了一个范围，故选D。其中，nothing是对what的否定回答， no one/no body是对who的否定回答。3either，each，every(1) each: “每一个”，一般指两者或以上中的每一个，“强调个体”，可以形容词修饰名词单数，作代词时，可作主语、宾语或同位语，后加可加of介词短语。如：There are trees on each side of the river. Each of us has a chance to go to university.We each have a dictionary.(2)every:指三者或以上中的每一个，“强调整体”是形容词，只能作定语，后面不能跟of的介词短语。如：不能说every of them 要说 every one of them . every 后也可跟数词，表“每，每隔”如： every four years每四年 / 每隔三年(3) either “两者中一个”或“两者中无论哪一个”，可作形容词修饰名词单数，作代词时作主语、宾语；后可跟of介词短语。如：I dont like either of them. Do you have any other blouse?If you keep still, you can sit on either end of the boat.4it，one，ones，that和those(1)it特指上文所提到的同一个物，它所代替的名词常由the，this，that等修饰。one指上文提到的同类事物中的一个，不特指，被指代的名词通常由不定代词some或any修饰。如：Where is that book? I cant find it那本书在哪儿?我找不到它。I havent got any erasersWill you please give me one?我没有橡皮，请你给我一块好吗?(2)one与that都可用来代替上文中出现的名词，one前要用定冠词the，有时that和the one可互换使用。如：The book isnt so interesting as the one/that you borrowed这本书不如你借的那本有趣。(3)但that和one在多数情况下是不能互换的，主要区别在于：that既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词，常要求有后置定语，一般不指人，复数形式为those。one只能代替可数名词单数，复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只能用one，不用that。当of短语作可数名词的后置定语时，用that，不用one。如：The best cigarettes are those from Yunnan最好的香烟是那些来自云南的。The boy told me his story and that of the girl next door这个男孩跟我讲了他以及隔壁那个女孩的故事。Your coat is blue，and my new one is green你的大衣是蓝色的，我的新大衣是绿色的。(4)the ones用来代替上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以用those代替，尤其在有后置定语的情况下。如：The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk桌上的那些书比桌下的好。5another，other，others，more(1)another既可以单独使用，也可以用于单数名词前，泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”。还可以用“another+数量词+复数名词”，表示”再，又”。如： Was there another way out? 还有别的路出去吗? Wed better wait another five minutes我们最好再等五分钟。【特别提示】表示“另外一个学生”只能用another student，不能说成another one student。another five minutes= five more minutes (2)other不能单独使用，应用于复数名词前，表示另外的某些人或物，也可以用在some，any，no之后，或具体数词之后，再接名词，构成”不定代词或具体数词+other+名词”；接单数名词时，还可以用在冠词the后，特指两个人或物中的另外一个(可以省略为the other)，或特指另外的某些人或物(可以省略为the others)，others泛指”其他的(事物)，别人”。如：Done remained and the other went away一个留下了，另一个走了。We should learn to treat others as equals我们应该学会平等待人。5it的用法用作人称代词,代替前文提到的事情。This bike is not mine. Its Peters.用以代替提示代词this, thatWhat is this? Its a pen.Whose book is that? Its Mikes. 起指示代词的作用,指一个人或事物Who is knocking at the door? Its me.Who is making such a noise. It must be the children.指环境情况时间，季节，天气，气候、距离等。What time is it? It is eight oclock.It is five kilometers from the office to my home.作形式主语和形式宾语It is not a good habit to stay up late.It is no use crying over split milk.当动词不定式,动名词或从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语之后,而用it作句子的形式主语It is not easy to finish the work in two days.It is a pity that you didnt read the book.用于强调结构（详见专题九）要强调句子的某一部分(通常是主语,状语,宾语), 可以把it 当作先行词.这种句子的结构是 “It is(was)+被强调部分+that (who )+句子的其余部分” .如果强调的部分是人,可用who whom 代替that I met an old friend in the park yesterday.此句各部分被强调后句型如下：It was I who /that met an old friend in the park yesterday.It was an old friend who/ that/whom I met in the park yesterday.It was in the park that I met an old friend yesterday.It was yesterday that I met an old friend in the park. It 其它更多用法见后面“特殊句型”【温馨提示】建议大家在二轮代词复习时一定先记住复习要点一同时做题时还要注意以下解题技巧：代词在具体的语境中运用起来往往具有很大的灵活性，高考英语试题对代词的考查更是灵活多变。我们应从以下几方面入手来把握代词的解题规律1掌握代词知识，建立知识网络。2分析句子结构明确代词It。it的指代很广，可以指代上文提到的事物或者事情，也可以指代动物、婴儿或者未知的人，还可以指代天气、时间、距离、自然现象、环境等。it还可以用在一些特殊的句型中，这就需要分析句子成分，明确代词it的功能。 3理解名词特点，正确使用替代词。在一个句子中，当一个名词再次出现在句子中时，为了避免重复，往往用替代词来代替它。one替代单数可数名词，表示泛指，相当于“a(an)+单数可数名词”，其复数形式是ones。that替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或者不可数名词，相当于“the+单数可数名词不可数名词”，that后一般有限定成分，其复数形式是those。2012年高考全国英语试题语法分类汇编之代词1.【2012全国II】Sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning. A. herselfB. thisC. thatD. it【答案】D 此处it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式短语。句意：Sarah今天早上成功地及时地到达了机场上了她的飞机。2. 【2012四川卷】New technologies have made _ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost. A. thatB. thisC. oneD. it【答案】D 本题考查代词。题干为固定句型：make + it +adj + to do. 其中it作形式宾语，替代动词不定式to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.3.【2012江西卷】My brother would like to buy a good watch but was available from that shop.AnothingBnoneCno oneDneither【答案】B考点：不定代词 解析：nothing指物，什么都不是；none既可指人也可指物，强调“每一个”；no one只能指人；neither表两者都不，故此题选B。4.【2012重庆卷】-John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday? -_.Ill be off to London then. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None【答案】B【解析】根据答语“Ill be off to London then.”可知，约定的星期三或者星期五对John来说，都不行。在选项中B选项是“两者都不”之意，符合语境。因此，正确答案为B选项。5.【2012重庆卷】If youre buying todays paper from the stand, could you get for me?A. one B. such C. this D. that【答案】A【解析】根据句意：如果你去报摊上买今天的报纸，给我捎回一份好吗？one作“一个”，“一本”，“一件”等解，用来代替上文提到过的paper。相当于a copy of paper.【难度】较难6.【2012陕西卷】13. No matter where he is, he makes _a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.A. him B this C. that D. it 【答案与解析】D 考查代词。所填词做使役动词make的形式宾语，真正宾语是to go for a walk，选D。7.【2012全国新课程】31. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but of them wants to, because they have work to do. A. either B. anyC. neither D. none【答案】C【解析】根据句意可知，Bill和Peter两个人，所以其否定形式用neither。句意：Larry请求Bill和Peter一起和他去野餐，但他们两个都不想去，因为他们要工作。8.【2012山东卷】21. When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or _.A. whoeverB. whereverC. whatever D. however【答案】A【解析】此处whoever是代词，意为：任何人，无论谁。它作to的宾语。句意：你看完书后，把书给Lucy或Helen，或谁都行。9.【2012浙江卷】Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to _ of McDonalds. A. thoseB. onesC. anyD. all【答案】A those = that ones,代指前面的many of the items,表示复数、特指，被of McDonalds.修饰，符合语境。Ones表示复数、泛指。Any任何一个；all全部，均不符合语境，故排除。10. 【2012江苏卷】Sophia waited for a reply, but _ came. A. eitherB. anotherC. neitherD. none【答案】D 句意：Sophia等候答复，但没有任何答复。据转折连词but可知，此处应用表示否定意义的代词，排除A、B。neither “两者都不”，none“三者或以上都不”，据前半句中的“a reply”提示可知，D项。2011年高考全国英语试题语法分类汇编之代词1. (2011全国卷II) I got this bicycle for _ ; my friend gave it to me when she bought a new one. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing【答案】D 2. (2011北京卷) The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase _. A. themB. thoseC. it D. that【答案】C 【解析】考查代词it的用法。句意为“由于当地政府的努力，大城市里的就业率持续升高。”it代指前面交代过的“the employment rate”，是单数，而them和those是复数。因此选C。3. (2011上海卷) To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _.A. the otherB. otherC. the others D. another【答案】D 4. (2011山东卷) The two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other. A. it B. them C. her D. that【答案】A【解析】考查it的用法。句意为“这两个女孩长得很相像，不熟悉的人很难将她俩区分开来。”it在此句中充当形式宾语，代指“to tell one from the other”。 因此选A。5. (2011湖南卷)I know that _ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 【答案】D 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意为“我知道没有什么能够阻止他；他决不会放弃做一名导演的念头。”根据后面“never give up”可知前面相应地也要用否定性的不定代词nothing。因此选D。6. (2011江西卷) Why dont you bring _ to his attention that youre too ill to work on? A. thatB. itC. his D. him【答案】B 【解析】考查代词it作形式宾语的用法。句意为“为什么你不让他注意到你病得太严重了以至于不能工作下去？”it作形式宾语，指代句子后面that引导的宾语从句。因此选B。7. (2011安徽卷) Surprisingly, Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_ almost an overcoat for her.A. them B. her C. itself D. herself 【答案】C8. (2011福建卷) We have various summer camps for your holidays, you can choose _ based on your own interests. A. either B. each C. one D. it 【答案】C 【解析】考查不定代词one的用法。句意为“在你们的假期里，我们这儿有各种暑期夏令营，你们可以根据自己的兴趣任选一个。”one代替单数可数名词，表泛指，相当于“a/an + 单数名词”。这里泛指某个summer camp夏令营。因此选C。9. (2011四川卷) There is _ in his words. We should have a try. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything【答案】A 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意为“他的话有些道理，我们应该试一试。”something 指不简单的事、可观的成绩、有些地位的人。因此选A。10. (2011辽宁卷)Would you like tea or coffee? _, thank you. Ive just had some water. A. Either B. Both C. Any D. Neither【答案】D 11. (2011天津卷) We feel _ our duty to make our country a better place.A. it B. this C. that D. one【答案】A【解析】考查代词it的用法。句意为“我们觉得将我们的国家变得更好是我们的职责。”it在此句中充当形式宾语，代指“to make our country a better place”。 因此选A。12. (2011陕西卷)Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear? _ one? A. Other B. Every C. Another D. More【答案】C 【解析】考查不定代词与数词的连用。句意为“亲爱的，可不可以到厨房里给我拿一块巧克力来？还要吃一块？”another 与数词连用时，数词放在another的后面，如another three chairs; other和more与数词连用时，数词放在它们的前面，如one more apple, two other boys；every指每一个，含义与all接近。因此选C。13. (2011重庆卷)Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.What do you think of _ over there?A. the one B. this C. it D. that【答案】A over there 修饰the one 表特指。14.（2010福建） When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say for me? A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 【答案】C考查不定代词的辨析。句子的意思是当你向Mr. John介绍我的时候，你可以为我说一些好话吗? A. everything 所有的；B. anything 任何事；D nothing 什么也没有 C. something表示一些，某些15.（2010上海） If our parents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend on_. A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves【答案】D 本题考查反身代词。主语为we，因此应为ourselves. depend on oneself:自力更生。根据句意，选D。16.（2010安徽） You are a team star! Working with_ is really your cup of tea. A. both B. either C. others D. the other【答案】C. 本题考查不定代词的用法。句意为“你是球队明星！与他人合作必须是你喜欢做的事。”习语“ones cup of tea”意为“the type of thing or person that you like”。17.（2010山东） Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age. A. it B. that C. what D. one【答案】D本题考查代词的用法。句意应为“帮助别人是一种习惯，一个你在很小时就能学会的习惯。”空格处与前句中的habit构成同位关系，所以选择D项。句中you can learn even at an early age是省略了关系代词that 的定语从句，that在定语从句中作learn的宾语使用。18.（2010天津） in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum. A. Anything B. Nothing C. Everything D. Something【答案】B. 考查复合不定代词的用法。句意：我一生中什么都没有我第一次参观故宫给我的印象更深刻。nothing用于句中表示否定意义，而其他三个词则表示肯定意义。19.（2010陕西） The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city. A. that B. this C. it D. one 【答案】A. 考查代词。所填词用于比较状语从句中，指代句子的主语cost，即指代不可数名词，用that。this指代下文即将提到的事物；it指代“同一物”；one指代“同类中的一个”之意。20.（2010四川） On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was a baby. A. him B. his C. me D. mine【答案】C考点：考查代词。 take a photo of sb意为给某人照相，此处应用人称代词的宾格。正确答案为C。21.（2010全国） Neither side is prepared to talk to _unless we can smooth things over between them. A. others B. the other C. another D. one other【答案】B不定代词考查。 Neither含有“两者都不”之意，一方对应另一方，故用the other指“两者中的另一个”。22.（2010重庆） He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found of them again. A. neither B. eitherC. eachD. all【答案】B考查代词。由“his temper and health”可以排除C项和D项，由后面的never表否定，选either，never either是全部否定，相当于neither 。23.( 2010上海)To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions had used the products. A. whoever B. who C. whichever D. which【答案】A考查关系代词。这儿_ had used the products。是个宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，并且指人，所以用whoever. 24.（2010浙江） thats important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction. AOne BAllCEverything DAnything【答案】 B考查不定代词。分析四个选项的意思，根据语境：重要的是你正在努力并且朝着正确的方向前行。从而判断此处选择all意思最合适。【突破自我】1. 【2011咸阳三模】Do you have todays Xianyang Daily? Yes, but only one copy left. Would you like to take _？ Asome Bthem Cit Done【答案】C it指代前面提到的“only one copy left.”2. 【2011山东枣庄】I dont think _ of his parents are at homeThey usually go out for a walk at the momentAone Bany Ceither Dboth【答案】C 两者之间（his parents）选择任一个，用either。3. 【2011南宁三模】Your plan, as well as mine, sounds good. But the manager, I think, will accept of them, for they will cost a lot of money. AnoneBbothCneitherDeither【答案】C 据后文意思，your plan and mine都不会被采纳。两者全否定，故选neither.4. 【2011甘肃五市二联】Gradually, you will realize that the things that matter are _ that cant be boughtwith money. A. these B. onesC. those D. some 【答案】C those代替前面名词的复数the things5. 【2011山东聊城二模】Babies health is much more