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英美概况总结范文 　　 (黑体皆为老师课件所示重点，前加#为特别重要)美国 　　 1、Official name:The United States of America,(U.S.A.) 　　 2、Uncle Sam（山姆大叔） 　　 3、State Emblem州徽 　　 4、Bald Eagle白头鹰(bald[b:ld]eagle[i:ɡl])作为美国的国鸟，是俯瞰能力的象征。 　　 白头鹰是美国国徽的主要图案，代表着勇猛、力量和胜利。 　　 5、国花（rose） 　　 6、Capital city:New York 　　 7、The U.S.is boundedby theAtlantic Ocean to theeast,the PacificOceanto the west,Canada to the north,and Mexicotothesouth. 　　 8、land area:9.3million square kilometers.the fourthlargest countryin theworld thereare50states in the UnitedStates 　　 9、The biggestmountain ranges:the AppalachianMountains and the Rockymountains 　　 10、Landscape风景，景色；山水画Grand Canyon科罗拉多河的大峡谷Yellowstone NationalPark黄石公园Niagara Falls尼亚加拉瀑布Mount McKinley麦金利雪山 　　 11、Population298million(the yearofxx)The largestethnic groupis Whitepeople,which includespeople ofEuropean,North African,and MiddleEastern descent,make up81.7%of thepopulation.Others includeAfrican American(12.9%),Asian American(4.2%) 　　 12、Official language:English 　　 13、The Warof Independence(1775-1783)、、、、、、Declaration of Independence(July4,1776)The warof Independencecame to an endin1781with thevictory ofNorth Americans,The Treatyof Paris巴黎条约was signedin1783and Britainhad torecognize theindependence ofThe UnitedStates. 　　 14、The Political System in the UnitedStates Articlesof Confederation十三州邦联宪法（美国第一部宪法）Two mainfears whilewriting theConstitution 　　 1、one personor groupmight beetoo powerfulor beable toseize controlof thecountry. 　　 2、The newcentral governmentmight weakenor takeaway thepower of the stategovernments orto runtheir ownaffairs.Legislative[ledisl?tiv]Branch立法部门 　　 1、It consists of aCongress thatis dividedinto twohouses:The House of Representatives众议院The Senate参议院 　　 2、The mainduty of the CongressTo makelaws Executive[iɡzekjutiv]Branch行政部门The chiefexecutive of the UnitedStates is the presidentwho iselected toa four-year term.Judicial Branch司法部门It consists of achief justiceand eightassociate justices.Most of these casesnvolved disputesover theinterpretation oflaws andlegislation. 　　 15、Two majorpolitical parties:a.The DemocraticParty民主党.(more liberal)Donkey b.The RepublicanParty共和党.(conservative保守)Elephant 　　 16、Industrial RevolutionFive developmentin the UnitedStates: 　　 1、The introductionof thefactory system. 　　 2、The Americansystem ofmass productionwhich originatedinthefirearms industryabout1800.3.The applicationof theNew technologiesto industrialtasks.4.The emergencyof newforms ofbusiness organization.5.The constructionof railroadsbeginning inthe1830s,marked thestart ofa newera for the UnitedStates. 　　 17、The majorAmerican religions 　　 1、Protestantism[prtist?ntiz?m]n.新教；新教教义；新教徒:60% 　　 2、Catholicism[k?θlisiz?m]n.天主教；天主教义:25% 　　 3、Judaism[d?u:deiiz?m]犹太教 　　 18、American holidaysNew Year‘s DayJanuary1//////President‘s Day华盛顿诞辰日Third Monday in FebruaryMemorial Day阵亡将士纪念日（纪念日）Last Mondayin May//////////Independence Day独立日（国庆节）July4Labor Day劳动日First Mondayin SeptemberThanksgiving感恩节Fourth Thursdayin NovemberChristmas Day圣诞节December25▲The DeclarationStated“We holdthese truthsto beself-evident,that allmen arecreated equal,that theyare endowedby theirCreator withcertain inalienablerights,that among these areLife,Liberty,and thepursuit ofHappiness.”美国重点 　　 1、历史(黑体皆为老师课件所示重点，前加#为特别重要)1607British FirstSettlement atJames town,Virginia byLondon pany1620Pilgrims landat PlymouthMass In1620,Mayflower Compact五月花号公约1765The StampAct---the heavytax1774The FirstContinental Congress1775The SecondContinental CongressThe firstshots werefired atLexington,Massachusetts in17751776July4,Independent DayCommon Senseby ThomasPaine January,1776it arguedfor independencefrom Britishrule#The DeclarationofIndependenceThomas Jefferson.Defined therights of the peopleof theindependent states.On July4，1776,it wasapproved.The birthofAmerica.1787Constitutional Congress1789Washington becamePresident atNew York1803Louisiana Purchase1848Gold Rushin California,Westmovement Frontierism1865Lincoln isAssassinated，1861-1865American CivilWar#Open DoorPolicy P336Roosevelt’s“New Deal”P3481942VOA林肯的government of the people,by thepeople,for thepeople,shall notperish from the earth. 　　 2、制度Political System:federalism（联邦制）------meaning thereis a division of powers betweenthe federal government and the stategovernment.The Separation of powers-------meaning thereis alsoadivisionofpowersamongthethree branchesof thefederalgovernment.Bill ofRights人权法案the first10amendments tothe lawthe DemocraticParty民主党&the RepublicanParty共和党Election Process:Five Stages 　　 1、The Primary初选（From Jan.to June）The NationalConventions（July toAugust)全国代表大会campaign platform竞选纲领;candidates forpresident andvice president总统候选人The ElectionCampaign竞选活动(September toOctober)The ElectionDay大选（the firstTuesday afterthe secondWednesday inDecember)Electors electPresident/Casting theElectoral VotesElectoral CollegeSystem选举团制{Voters选民（senators)+435(representatives)+3(WshingtonD.C.)，270Electors areneeded towin，xxObama got280Electors选举人}538: 　　 1003、EDUCATION（无重点，仅了解）Ivy LeagueUniversities（常春藤联盟）Brown UniversityColumbia UniversityCornell UniversityDartmouth CollegeHarvard UniversityUniversity ofPennsylvania PrincetonUniversity YaleUniversity President Barack Obamaand hiswife bothgraduated fromHarvard LawSchool 　　 4、economy#Industrial Revolution:There weretwo erasof industrial revolution inthe19th century.The firstbegan in1840’s whensteam powercame intouse.The SecondIndustrial Revolutionbegan inthe early1870’s,when electricitycame intouse.Reasons forIndustrial Revolution:leaders plantedthe seedsof industrialgrowth. 　　 2、A tariffhigh enoughto discourageimports andgive domesticindustries timeto grow 　　 3、.Other Hamiltonianmeasures gavegreat encouragementto businessin general. 　　 4、The IndustrialRevolution in England broughtmany changesto Americanindustry between1776and1860. 　　 1、Some earlydecisions byAmerican socialand politicalDevelopment ofindustrialrevolution{见上五点}PresidentBarackObam aplans tonom inateChinese-Am ericanCom merce SecretaryGary Locke（骆嘉辉）as thenew USam bassadorto Chinato replaceJon Huntsman,who ism ullinga WhiteHouse bid.国旗The essentialdesign of the Americanflag canbe tracedtoaresolution passedby theContinental Congresson June14,1777。 　　 The Congressassigned symbolicmeanings tothe colors:“White signifiesPurity andInnocence;Red,Hardiness andValor;and Blue,Vigilance,Perseverance,and Justice。 　　 In1818theU.S.Congress reduced the numberof stripesto13and establishedthe policyof addingan additionalstar forevery newstate。 　　 The currentflag datesfrom1960,when a50th starwas addedfor Hawaii,the50th state.Top TenAmerican Cities纽约New York波士顿Boston华盛顿Washington D.C.旧金山San Francisco拉斯维加斯Las Vegas洛杉矶Los Angeles底特律Detroit西雅图Seattle休斯顿Houston芝加哥Chicago英国British Geography 　　 1、The most important river is theThames 　　 2、Northern IrelandLake Neagh,the largestlake 　　 3、The GrampianMountains containingBen Nevisis theHighest mountain(1344m) 　　 4、The longestriveris the SevernRiver 　　 5、Britain ismade upof fourparts England,Wales,Scotland，Northern Ireland 　　 6、England---London Wales---Cardiff Scotland---Edinburgh英伦三岛Northern---Belfast NationalEmblemJohn Bull 　　 6、The Commonwealthof Australia澳大利亚联邦 　　 7、Area:242.000squarekilometersPopulation:above60million 　　 (xx) 　　 8、1000kilometers,from southto north500kilometers,west toeast 　　 9、Scotland Thethistle蓟 　　 10、The redcross of St.George of England Thered saltireofSt.Patrick ofIreland 　　 11、National Dayin BritainNational Dayin Britainis celebratedon thebirthday of the Queen.Queen’s actualbirthday ison21April andher officialbirthday ison the second Saturdayin June. 　　 12、The Rt.Hon.Prime MinisterDavid Cameron大卫.卡梅伦Prime MinisterFirst Lordof theTreasury首席财务大臣Minister of the CivilService文官部大臣Downing StreetN0.10全称The UnitedKingdom ofGreat Britain and Northern Ireland Majorcities1.London(in England):the largestand capitalcity in Britain.2.Birmingham(in England):the2nd largestcity inBritain.3.Glasgow(in Scotland):the3rd largestcity inBritain.4.Edinburgh(in Scotland):the capitalcity inScotland.5.Cardiff(in Wales):the capitalcity inWales.6.Belfast(in NorthernIreland):the capitalcity inNorthernIreland.History of Britain 　　 1、750-55B.C.Celts eto Britain. 　　 2、450-610Anglo-Saxon Times(Old English)the forefathersof theEnglish 　　 3、596Pope GregoryI sentSt.Augustine toEngland,in597they cameto Canterbury.Christianity inBritain 　　 4、The“heptarchy”(seven kingdoms),Egbert becamethe king of theEnglish in 　　 8295、King Alfred the Great(871-899)In theprocess ofresisting theVikings,the7Anglo-Saxon kingdomsin Englandgradually becameunited underAlfredtheGreat. 　　 6、Angles,Saxons andJutes:the earliestEnglish speakingpeople 　　 7、The year1066Duke Williamof Normandydefeated theEnglish atthe Battleof Hastings.At the end ofit,most of the bestwarriors in England weredead,including theirleader,King Harold.On Christmasday1066,the Normanleader,Duke Williamof Normandy,was crownedkingofEngland inWestminster Abbey,thus beginningthe NormanConquest ofEngland,which markedthe establishmentof feudalism inEngland.He isknown inpopular historyas“William theConqueror”.The dateis rememberedfor beingthe lasttime thatEngland wassuessfully invaded 　　 8、Henry II,jury system,house ofPlantage金雀花王朝Thomas BecketRichard,the Lion-hearted,the crusadesJohn,the GreaterCharter 　　 12158、1337-1453Hundred Years’War 　　 9、#Magna Carta（大宪章） 　　 (1215)Magna Carta(Latin for“Great Charter”）isthemostimportantdocument inEnglish history.In1215,King Johnwas forcedby agroup ofnobles togrant thema charterof libertyand politicalrights.Magna Cartaplaced somelimits on the king’s abilityto abusehis royalpower.The MagnaCarta isregarded as the foundationof theBritish constitutionand itprovides thebasic principlesfor theprotection ofindividual rightsinBritain. 　　 10、The HundredYears’War(#1337-1453){The HundredYears’War wasa seriesof warsfought betweenEngland andFrance overTerritory and the throne.The Englishlost allthe territoryon thecontinent bytheendof thewar.The HundredYears’War promotedthe conceptof Englishnationalism and the developmentof thetextile industrybecause itreducedtheexport ofEnglish wool.The warraised thesocial positionofthebourgeois class.All thesefactors contributedtothedecline offeudalisminEngland.} 　　 11、House ofTudor(都铎王朝）1485.Henry Tudorbecame King，Henry VII,and startedthe ruleofthe House ofTudor.都铎王朝 　　 12、 　　 1、Henry VIII,1533SeparationofEnglish churchfrom RomanPope. 　　 2、1536Henry VIIIsigns Actof Union,England andWales areunited. 　　 3、He translatedthe Bibleinto Englishforthefirst timeinEngland. 　　 13、1588Britain defeatedSpanish Armada（无敌舰队） 　　 14、Elizabeth I“the virginqueen”. 　　 15、The Kingor Queenof Britainis consideredto bethe headofthe Commonwealth. 　　 16、Members ofthe Commonwealth53member countriesinxx.54in 　　 xx17、Organizations oftheCommonwealthThe headquartersand thestanding bodiesoftheCommonwealth areall locatedin London.Commonwealth DayCommonwealth Day—thesecondMondayinMarch—is anannual eventduring whichall54member countriesoftheCommonwealth celebratetheir linkswith oneanother.The BritishGovernment 　　 1、PoliticalSystemof Britainis constitutional[,knstitju:?n?l]monarchy[mn?ki]（君主立宪制度）The monarchreigns,but notrule.统而不治The centralgovernment includesthe monarchy,parliament(国会),and theCabi（内阁）.#The roleofthe monarchTheoretically,the Kingor Queenisthesource ofall governmentpowers.He/She isthe headofthe legislature,the executive,and thejudiciary,the mander-in-chief ofall armedforces.In reality,the Kingor Queendoes everythingon theadvice ofthe Prime Minister,and his/her roleis symbolic,ceremonial,and notpolitical.British government——————thelegislatureParliament isthe law-making bodyofBritain.Strictly speaking,Parliament todayconsistsofthe monarch,the House of Lords（上议院）{The House of Lordsconsistsofthe LordsSpiritual,including2archbishops and24prominent bishopsoftheChurch ofEngland,the LordsTemporal,including hereditarypeers andlife peerswho aregranted nobletitles bythemonarchontheadvice ofthe PM,andtheLords ofAppeal inOrdinary,more monlyknown asthe Law Lords,who performthe judicialfunctions oftheHouse of Lords.},andtheHouseofCommons议会下院{The Houseof Lordsis toexamine andrevise billsfromtheHouseofCommons,but theLawLordscan’t normallyprevent proposedlegislation frombeing lawif theHouseofCommons insistson it，also functionsasthesupreme courtof justiceandthehighest courtof appealfor bothcriminal andcivil cases，The partywhich holdsthe majorityof“seats”intheHouseofCommons formsthe government}.However,the monarchyis usuallyregarded asa separateinstitution.Prime MinisterGordon BrownFirst LordoftheTreasury首席财务大臣Minister ofthe CivilService文官部大臣Downing StreetN0.10（The officialresidence doesnot havea specialname.Nor doesit lookspecial fromthe outside.It is not evena detachedhouse.Inside,though,it ismuch largerthan itlooks.The Cabimeets hereandthecabi officeworks here.）The Palace of WestminsterThe BritishParliament worksinalarge buildingcalled thePalaceofWestminster(popularly knownas“the Housesof Parliament”).This containsoffices,mittee rooms,restaurants,bars,libraries andeven someplaces ofresidence.Prince PhilipMountbatten（菲利普亲王）He isthe Dukeof EdinburghDiana RoseofEnglandThe twomajor partiesare:The LaborParty—founded in1900,the current party leader is GordonBrown,the presentPrimeMinister,sincexxThe ConservativeParty(Tories)—formed in1833,currentparty leaderisDavid Cameron,the LeaderoftheOpposition,sincexxThe LiberalDemocrats—formed in1988,the currentpartyleaderis NickClegg,sincexxA generalelection isheld every5years TheBritish Constitutionisnotwritten downin one single document,it isnot systematicallycodified intoonesingledocumentt没有系统化的编纂成一个单独的文档.#Public School,13—18公学，Eton in1932the BBCWorld Servicewas setup。 　　 　　 内容仅供参考 　　

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