新编英语教程1-unit.ppt

句子成分分析 Iloveyou 主谓宾 MrWang myHistoryteacheratuniversity is主同位语谓alearnedman 表 定语 Iheardhimsinginthenextroomlastnight 主谓宾补地点状语时间状语 从句分类 名词性从句 nominalclauses 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句定语从句 关系从句 attributiveclauses relativeclauses 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句状语从句 adverbialclauses 时间 地点 原因 结果 目的 方式 条件 让步 比较 Whathedoescontradictswhathesays Thefactisthatyouarelying Thenewsthatourteamgotthechampionexcitedeveryonepresent 状语从句联系词 when while as assoonas where wherever because since for sothat inorderthat so that such that asif asthoughif incasethat lest aslongas though although evenif eventhough than LanguageStructures LookupthewordinadictionarythatgivesdefinitionsinEnglish Therelativeclauseintroducedbythatasthesubject that引导关系从句 并作为该关系从句的主语 Haveyoureadallthebooksthatyouborrowedfromme Therelativeclauseintroducedbythatastheobject that引导关系从句 并作为该关系从句的宾语 I dliketoseethegentlemanwhocamefromGermanyyesterday Therelativeclauseintroducedbywhoasthesubject who引导关系从句 并作为该关系从句的主语 What sthenameoftheyoungmanwho mheintroducedtouslastweek Therelativeclauseintroducedbywho mastheobject who m引导关系从句 并作为该关系从句的宾语 在关系从句中 如果先行词是 人 则引导词为who 作从句主语或宾语 whom 作从句宾语 或that 作从句主语或宾语 要注意的是 虽然who比whom的用处更广泛 但如果引导词前是一个介词 则引导词必须为whom 如 Sheistheteacherwho whomwetalkedabout Sheistheteacheraboutwhomwetalked 在关系从句中 如果先行词是 物 则引导词为that或which 两者均可作从句的主语或宾语 它们的区别在于 1 如果先行词有all much anything something nothing everything none little等不定代词 则只能用that 不能用which e g IhavereadallthemagazinesthatIboughtlastweek 2 如果先行词被形容词最高级或first last any only few much no some very等词修饰 则只能用that 不能用which e g ItisthemostexcitingfilmthatIhaveeverseen 3 在介词后的引导词只能用which 不能用that e g Justchoosethesubjectinwhichyouaremostinterested 4 在非限制性关系从句中 只能用which为引导词 不能用that e g Theriver whichflowsthroughLondon iscalledtheThames 12October1492wastheday ColumbuslandedinAmerica Akitchenetteisasmallroom peoplecooktheirmeals Isthatthereason wehavetestsandquizzesallthetime 12October1492wasthedaywhen onwhichColumbuslandedinAmerica Akitchenetteisasmallroomwhere inwhichpeoplecooktheirmeals Isthatthereasonwhy forwhichwehavetestsandquizzesallthetime 遇到先行词为地点或时间的名词 要看该先行词在从句中充当状语还是主语或宾语 如果充当状语 则从句可由where when引出 如果充当宾语 则从句不可由where when引出 而仍应该由which引出 如 Themanissaidtocomefromatownwhichnobodyknew Idon trememberthedaythatyoumentioned Thisistheplace Ilived3threeyearsago Thisistheplace youvisitedlasttime right Ilikethewayshespoke theway后省略了连接词 原句应为 Ilikethewayinwhich thatshespoke theway在从句中表示 方式 上句thewayshespoke表示 说话的方式 再如 Thatwastheway inwhich that sheworkedtheproblemout 那就是他解决问题的方式 Theplace interestedmemostwastheChildren sPalace whichwherewhatinwhich Doyouknowtheman whomIspoketowhospokeIspoketothatIspoke Thisisthehotel lastmonth whichtheystayedatthattheystayedwheretheystayedatwheretheystayed Doyouknowtheyear theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded whichthatwhenonwhich Thatistheday I llneverforget whichonwhichinwhichwhen Thisisoneofthebestfilms thathavebeenshownthisyearwhichhavebeenshownthisyearthathasbeenshownthisyearwhichhasbeenshownthisyear Canyoulendmethebook theotherday aboutwhichyoutalkedwhichyoutalkedaboutthatyoutalkedthatyoutalked I minterestedin youhavesaid allthatallwhatthatwhich LiMing totheconcert enjoyeditverymuch IwentwithwithwhomIwentwithwhoIwentIwentwithhim Inourfactorythereare2 000workers twothirdsof arewomen themwhichwhomwho LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake Hangzhouisfamousintheworld forwhichforthatinwhichwhat Ihaveboughtsuchawatch wasadvertisedonTV thatwhichasit Thisisthereason hedidn tcometothemeeting inwhichwithwhichthatforwhich Heisworkinghard willmakehimpassthefinalexam thatwhichforwhichwho Ihavetwodictionaries areofgreatuse allofwhicheitherofwhichbothofthembothofwhich LSPLanguagePoints cooker autensilforcooking 炊具apparatus equipment 仪器 设备beusedfor 被用于 peeler adeviceforpeelingvegetablesorfruits 去皮器device apparatuspeel striptheskinoff 削皮microcalculator 微型计算器 add subtract multiply divide v plus minus times divided prep a Ifyouadd24and36 youget60 24plus and36is equals60 b Ifyousubtract10from100 youareleftwith youget 90 100minus10leaves equals is90 c 14multipliedby11makes154 14times11equals154 d Ifyoudivide30byfive yougetsix 30dividedbyfiveequalssix switch v turnoff on 开关 n acontroldeviceelectriccurrent theflowofelectricity电流saucepan adeeppanwithahandle usedforstewingorboiling 炖锅pot 罐 壶 assign give atask appoint 分配 指定 布置 作业 1 Theteacherdidn tassignanyhomeworktoday 今天老师没有布置作业 2 Paulwasassignedtoanewpost Paul被分配到了新的岗位 3 Thetwogovernmentsassignedadayforthenextnegotiation 两国政府确定了下一轮谈判的日期 assignment 作业 4 Whatistoday sassignment 今天有什么作业 5 Hehasgotanewassignment 他得到一项新任命 researchinstitute 研究所 研究学会tour v 旅行 游历 巡回 漫游tour n 旅行 游历 旅游touringinChina 在中国游历 1 我们游览了一下这座城市 Theyhavegoneonatourofthecity 2 我们去年夏天在欧洲观光 WetouredEuropelastsummer journalist anewsreport 新闻记者aseriesof 一系列的stylistics 文体学AutumnCommodityFair 秋季商品交易会 LSPExampleI A Canyouexplaintheword cooker inEnglish B I mafraidIcan tA ThenlookthewordupinadictionarythatgivesdefinitionsinEnglish B Itsays acookerisanapparatuswhichisusedforcookingfood LSPExampleII A Haveyoureadallthebooks that youborrowedfromme B No there sstillonethatIhaven tread A whichone B Theonethatyousaidyoudon tlike LSPExampleIII A I dliketoseethegentlemanwhocamefromCanadayesterday B YoumeantheCanadianengineerwho svisitingaresearchinstitutehere A No I mlookingfortheCanadianprofessorwho steachingatPujiangUniversity B Oh it sProfessorPaulJones He sinRoom802 LSPExampleIV A What sthenameoftheyoungman whom Luintroducedustolastweek B PaulWhite A Ishethewriter whom theyinvitedtoattendaconference B No Idon tthinkso Mr WhiteistheEnglishjournalistJinaskedtocometoourparty DialogueIDiscussion DescribethechangesinChina sruralareas particularlyinthecoastalareas Describethechangesaroundyouinthelasttenyears DialogueILanguagePoints Ihaven tseenyouaroundlately 最近都没见到你了 outoftown 出了城amaze surprisetremendous manyoccur happenrural ofthecountryside乡下的urban ofthecity城市的coastal atthecoast 沿海的acoupleof twoorthree several leada life havea life 过着 的生活 1 他在乡村过着幸福的生活 Heleadsahappylifeinthecountry 2 leadapoor hardlifebarren poor 贫瘠的tattered tornorragged 破烂的 褴褛的rowsuponrowsof 一排一排的 three storeyed three floorstory 层brand name anamegiventoaproduct 品牌 drive v push force 驱动 推动 n 有组织的努力 运动 动力 驾驶 车道 1 Helefthiscarinthedrive 他把汽车停在汽车道上 2 Whathashappenedtothecompany sdriveforqualitycontrol 这家公司开展的质量控制运动结果如何 3 Aspartofthebank sefficiencydriveconsiderablecutsarebeingmadeintheworkforce 银行要努力提高效率 其中一个措施就是大量裁员 infavorof 赞同 有利于 Unit4 1 我们赞成她升为总裁 Weareinfavorofherpromotiontopresident 2 法庭的判决有利于被告 Thecourtdecidedinfavorofthedefendant insb sfavorThecourtdecidedinthedefendant sfavor Wehopethatthenewsystemwilloperateinourfavor putin 投入preferentialpolicies privilege 优惠政策favorable favoring 有利的 comeacross meetaccidentally 不期而遇 1 今天在镇上遇到我大学的老同学 Icameacrossmyoldcollegeroommateintowntoday 2 一天 她在为Paul打扫房间的时候 偶然看到了他的日记 于是她就读了起来 OnedaywhilecleaningPaul sroom shecameacrosshisdiaryandstartedtoreadit beboundto 一定将会 1 这项新发现对于人类必定大有用处 Thenewdiscoveryisboundtobeofgreatservicetomankind 2 孩子们到家后一定会饿 他们常常都是这样的 Thekidsareboundtobehungrywhentheygethome theyalwaysare vision theabilitytosee 视野broaden make broad 拓宽Sohastheirtaste desire longfor 渴望agrowingdesiretodo 越来越渴望去 subscribetosth offertobuy 预订 订阅via prep by through bymeansof 1 你从北京去上海会经由天津吗 WillyoutravelfromBeijingtoShanghaiviaTianjin 2 你得通过空邮寄信 这样才快 Youmustsendtheletterviaairmail whichisfast stumblingblock anobstacle 绊脚石unimaginable beyondimagination 不可想象的 maketheirentryinto enterentry n enter v precisely exactly 正好 Role Play crop growingagriculture 只种植农作物的农业output production 产出 产量cultivate farm 耕种reclaim cultivatethewilderness 开垦 荒地 scientificfarming 科学耕作unitoutput 单位产量existing 现存的arable capableofbeingfarmedproductively 适于耕种的 diversified various 多样化的husbandry cultivatingthelandorraisingstock 畜牧管理forestry managementofforests 森林业 森林学fishery fishingindustry 渔业edible capableofbeingeaten 可食用的edibleoil 食用油well informed knowing 熟悉的 见闻广博的prosperous flourishing 繁荣的defect disadvantage 缺点merit advantage 优点 DialogueII classify into put intodifferentclasses 把 归类为 classifyobjectsintotypes 把物件分成几类Wearetryingtoclassifythesebookintotwotypes literaryandnon literary 我们正试着把这些书分成两类 文学类和非文学类 Howtoidentifyandclassifyobjectsbytheirfeatures 如何根据物件的特点分类classify by 按 分类图书馆的书是按科目分类的 Thebooksinthelibraryareclassifiedbysubject afurcollar 皮领automatic workingbyitself 自动的flash 闪光fitinto beabletobeputinto 适合 放入 fitintoyourpocket 刚好能放入你的口袋 1 这张卡刚好能放进那个信封里 Thiscardjustfitsnicelyintothatenvelope 2 这个房间再也放不仅更多的椅子了 Wecan tfitanymorechairsintotheroom develop v 冲洗 照片 zoomlens 变焦镜头close up aphotographtakenatcloserange 大特写glue gum 胶水sticky a 带有粘性的stick v 粘住stickthingstogether 把东西粘在一起fireextinguisher 灭火器putout extinguish 扑灭lostpropertyoffice 失物招领处property possessions 财物 conscientious responsible 尽责的attendant waiter waitress 服务员handin submit 交上 递交handle grip hold 柄 把手flight bag 航空旅行袋distinguishing special 有区别的 特别的distinguishingfeatures 特殊的特点distinguishbetweenAandBinitial thefirstletter 首字母 establish prove confirm 确定 证实establishthecorrectownership 确定正确的物主身份 1 新证据证实了嫌疑犯有罪 Thenewevidenceestablishesthesuspect sguilt 2 那个故事是否真的难以证实 Itishardtoestablishthetruthofthestory alistofcontents 内容清单beonduty 当班 上班two wayradio 收发两用无线电设备HQ headquarters 总部 ReadingI Questions Whyisfoodabasicneed Howcanweavoidmalnutrition Whydidprimitivepeopleeatonlythefoodthatcouldbegrownneartheirhomes Whatisthedifferencebetweenneedsandwants Howdoyoudifferfromprimitivemeninourfoodwants Namethreethingsthatamodernhousecontainsbutanancientpalacedidnot Structure Paras 1 3 ourfirstbasicneed foodPara 4 oursecondbasicneed clothingPara 5 ourthirdbasicneed shelter ReadingILanguagePoints speakof about 谈及 说到speak 说话 说 某种语言 hearof about 听说hear 听到dowithout managewithout 没有 也可以 在没有某物的情况下设法完成cannotdowithout 没有 就不可以 不能没有 1 岛上没有电视 可不久我们就适应了 Therewasnotelevisionontheisland butwesoonlearnedtodowithout 2 在这里生活 不能没有网络 Whilelivinghere onecan tdowithouttheInternet 3 学习英语不能没有词典 InlearningEnglish wecan tdowithoutadictionary starvetodeath 饿死sufferfrom 疾病 灾难sufferfromcoldandhunger饥寒交迫sufferfromfloods遭受水灾suffer vt 遭受 忍受sufferpain遭受痛苦sufferhunger挨饿 lack n beshortof 缺乏alackof nolackof lack vt 缺乏belackingin 1 他缺乏勇气 Helackscourage Heislackingincourage Heshowsalackofcourage 2 这里严重缺水 Thereisaseriouslackofwaterhere 3 蔬菜不缺 Thereisnolackofvegetable malnutrition 营养不良nutrition n 营养nutrient n 有营养的食物nutritious a 有营养的 managetodosth 能 liveahealthylifeonlimitedtypesoffoodprimitive crude 原始的foods variouskindsoffood 各种各样的食物food 食物的总称 uncountable fruits fruitwhereas butbesatisfiedwithsth wants n onadietof 依靠 的饮食习惯ondiet 节食monotonous boringprovidesb withsth providesth forsb wedifferfromhiminourfoodwants AdifferfromB A与B不相同differin 在 方面 有区别 1 我和我兄弟在许多方面都不同 MybrotherandIdifferinmanyways Idifferfrommybrotherinmanyways 2 日语发音和法语大不相同 JapanesediffersgreatlyfromFrenchinpronunciation Bedifferentfrom comparewith 与 相比较compareto 把 比作 Lifeispoeticallycomparedtothemorningdew 在诗歌中 人生被比喻为朝露 notonlycanweenjoythefruitsgrowninthiscountry but wecanalsoenjoythemoreexoticfruitsfromcountriesthousandsofmilesaway wecannotonlyenjoythefruitsgrowninthiscountry but wecanalso ButonlyAbutalsoBBaswellasAexotic foreign 异国的thousandsof 数千的onethousand twothousand threethousand hundredsof millionsof fourhundredpeoplefivemilliondollars limit to v restrict 把 限定于 某个范围 alimitto n 1 妈妈把家里的开支限制于1000美元 Motherlimitedthefamilyexpenseto1000dollars 2 凡事都有限度 Thereisalimittoeverything 3 我能付得起的钱数是有限的 ThereisalimittotheamountofmoneyIcanafford thesameistrueof 也一样 regulate adjust 控制 调节 1 regulatethetemperature 调节温度 2 regulatethetraffic 管理交通regulations rules 规则 规定 3 Everyoneshouldobeythetrafficregulations 人人都应遵守交通规则 temperate mild notextreme 温和的temperateclimate 温带的气候tropicalcountries 热带国家arctic 北极的 寒带的 likewise inthesamewaychangewith 随着 而改变lightclothing