高三英语第七讲选修六词汇语法大串讲.docx

第七讲 选修六词汇语法大串讲适用学科高中英语适用年级高三年级适用区域人教新课标课时时长（分钟）90分钟知识点1、选修六第1-5单元重点单词短语、重点词组、重点词汇和词组的用法；2、IT的用法小结教学目标知识：1.掌握重点词汇和词组并能够正确的选择和运用所学的重点词汇和词组。2.掌握IT的用法方法：1.要总结、熟记同一动词不同搭配的意思和通过同根词进行词汇的拓展；2.并通过语言运用练习掌握正确的选择和应用相关词汇和词组能力：1.能正确识记所学词汇2.能够正确的运用重点词汇3.能够通过所学词汇推测出其同根词的词义和词性教学重点选修六重点词汇和词组的词义和用法教学难点1、 正确的运用所学的重点词汇和词组能够准确的从近义词中选用恰当的词汇教学过程 一、复习预习1、听写上节课重点单词和词组2、订正上节课课后作业并讲解重点题目2、 知识讲解【第一单元-第二单元】（一）重点词汇总结1.重点词汇总结1) abstract adj.抽象的；深奥的 n摘要 12) flexible adj.灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的2) aim n目标；目的 vi. & vt.瞄准；(向某方向)努力 13) pattern n模式；式样；图案3) typical adj.典型的；有代表性的 14) tease vi. & vt.取笑；招惹；戏弄4) adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养 15) branch n枝条；支流；部门5) specific adj.确切的；特定的 16) eventually adv.最后；终于6) exhibition n展览；陈列；展览会 17) appropriate adj.适当的；正当的7) attempt n努力；尝试；企图 vt.尝试；企图 18) exchange n交换；交流；互换 vt. & vi.调换8) contemporary adj.当代的；同时代的 交换 9) convey vt.传达；运送 19） sponsor n赞助人；主办者；倡议者 vt.发起；10) concrete adj.具体的 举办；倡议11) contradictory adj.引起矛盾的；好反驳的 20） load n负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的) 2.词汇拓展1) faith n信任；信心；信念faithful adj.忠实的faithfully adv.忠实地2) possess vt.拥有；具有；支配possession n拥有 财产3) coincidence n巧合(的事)；(事情、口味、故事等)相合coincident adj.同时发生的； 同一时间发生的4) predict vt.预言；预告；预测prediction n预言predictor n预言者5) preference n喜爱；偏爱prefer v喜爱6) appeal vi.有感染力；呼吁；求助 vt.将上诉 n呼吁；恳求7) civilization n文明；文化；文明社会civilize v使文明；使开化8) visual adj.视觉的；看得见的invisual adj.看不见的9) transform vi. & vt.转化；转换；改造；变换transformation n转化10) sorrow n悲伤；悲痛；懊悔sorrowful adj.悲伤的 （二）重点词组总结 1) concentrate on 集中 12） make sense有意义2) as well as 也；还；而且 13） cant take ones eyes off sb./sth. 3) by coincidence 巧合地 无法将目光从某人身上/某物上挪开4) a great deal 大量 14）stay up 熬夜，不睡觉；挺立5) lead to 导致 15） take it easy 轻松；不紧张；从容6) scores_of. 大量的 16） run out of 用完7) on the other hand (可是)另一方面 17） make up of (多用于被动结构)构成8) in the flesh 活着的；本人 18）transform into. 变成9) have a preference for 偏爱 19） in particular 尤其；特别10) appeal to (对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣 20） try out 测试；试验11) lie in 在于；位于 21） let out 发出；放走（三）同步训练【基础】1Dont be _ (荒唐的)! You cant pay 50 for a Tshirt!2Environmental damage threatens the whole _ (文明)3It was _(典型的) of her to forget.4He came here without friends or _ (财产) and made his fortune.5The greatest _ (学者) cant solve this difficult problem.6The book was written in a style _(适当的) to the age of the children.7She found a company to _(资助) her through college.8The _ (钻石) ring on her finger glittered in the light.9You need to be more _(灵活) and imaginative in your approach.10He hanged himself in _ (悲伤) after his wife died.【巩固】1_them have been to New York_.AScores; dozen of timesBDozens of; score of timesCScores of; dozens of timesDTwo scores of; two dozens of times2Jerry works out every morning, _ a weight loss of ten pounds.Aputting forward Brelying onCsetting foot in Daiming at3Can they take _ of that house if we fail to reach an agreement with them?Anotice BholdCpossession Dcare4He _ to escape from the prison, but he couldnt find anybody to help him.Asucceeded BattemptedCadvised Doffered5How do you like the film?Oh, it is wonderful. People here think _ of it.6French fashionable dress has been _ by people in many parts of the world.Aadopting BadoptedCadapted Dadapting7In only 30 years, the country has been _ into an advanced industrial power.Atranslated BtransmittedCtransferred Dtransformed8Im still working on my project.Oh, youll miss the deadline. Time is _.Arunning out Bgoing outCgiving out Dlosing out【第三单元-第四单元】（1） 重点词汇总结1.重点词汇1) abuse n. & vt.滥用；虐待 捐助 2) ban vt.禁止；取缔 n禁令；谴责 9）trend n趋势；倾向；走向3) due adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的 10） range n种类；范围4) quit vt.停止(做某事)；离开 11）glance vi.看一下；扫视 n一瞥5) effect n结果；效力 12） widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的6) desperate adj.绝望的；拼命的 13） average adj.平均的7) awkward adj.局促不定的；笨拙的 14） circumstance n环境；情况8) subscribe vi.同意；捐赠；订阅 vt.(签署)文件； 15） refresh vt.使恢复；使振作2. 词汇拓展1) stress n压力；重音 vt.加压力于；使紧张stressful adj.产生压力的； 紧张的stressed adj.焦虑不安的2) adolescent n青少年 adj.青春期的adolescence n青春期3) addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的addict n有瘾的人addiction n沉溺；嗜好4) accustom vt.使习惯于accustomed adj.惯常的；习惯了的5) automatic adj.无意识的；自动的_automatically adv.无意识地；自动地6) mental adj.精神的；智力的mentally adv.精神上；智力上7) stren只要gthen vt.加强；巩固；使坚强 vi.变强strength n力气strong adj.强壮的8) disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的disappointing adj.令人失望的disappoint vt.使失望； 使扫兴disappointment n失望9) ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的shame n羞愧shameful adj.可耻的shameless adj. 无耻的，厚颜的10) judgement n看法；判决；判断judge v判断11) embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的embarrass v(使)尴尬embarrassment尴尬12) phenomenon n现象phenomena pl.13) quantity n量；数量quality n质量；品质14) tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾 vt.照顾；护理tendency n倾向；趋势15) oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量opposed adj.反对的；对立的16) state vt.陈述；说明statement n说明17) steady adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的steadily adv.平稳地；持续地18) contribution n贡献contribute v贡献（二）重点词组总结1) due to 由于 3） accustomed to 习惯于2) addicted to 对有瘾 4） decide on 对作出决定5) feel like(doing) 想要(做) 15） result in 导致6) in spite of 不顾；不管 16） be opposed to 反对7) take risks(a risk) 冒险 17） even if 即使8) get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯) 18） keep on 继续9) at risk 处境危险；遭受危险 19） on the whole 大体上；基本上10) have an effect on 对有影响 20） on behalf of 代表一方；作为的代言11) come about 发生；造成 人12) subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购 21） put up with 忍受；容忍13) quantities of 大量的 22） so long as 只要14) go up 上升；增长；升起 23） and so on 等等（3） 重点语法点总结【IT的用法总结】一、人称代词1. it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复: They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.2. 也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子): Is this your dog？No, it isnt.They got a baby and it was a ten-pounder3. 也可指抽象事物或指抽象环境和情景:I hate it when people talk with a full mouth二、非人称代词 1.it有时并不指具体的东西而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等： .指天气：It is a lovely day, isnt it? .指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back.指日期:It is April First today.指距离:It is some 3000 kilometers from Beijing to Guangzhou.指价值:It is three dollars.指温度:Today it is 30 degrees centigrade. 三、其他用法1.在句子的主语不太明确时充当主语，表示谁在做某事： Who is it there? Its I (me/you/he.). I thought it was Mary, but it was not she. Her facelighted when she saw who it was. 2.泛泛的指某件事： (有时泛指一般情况) It doesnt matter. It is a shame, isnt it?How is it going?(情况怎样) It says in the newspaper that.3.it用在一些词组中，it 没有特别的意思 The last trains gone. Come on, well foot it.(来，咱们步行吧。)4、 作形式主语，替代主语从句，动词不定式，或动名词短语：It is not easy to finish the work in two days.It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is as pity that you didnt read the book. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的褒义或贬义形容词。 常见的词有： bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ， good （好心的）， honest ， horrible ， kind ， lazy ， modest ， naughty ， nice（有教养的）， polite， rude ， silly ， stupid ， wise ， wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 。 如:It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. .不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的中性形容词。 常见的形容词有： important， necessary， natural easy ， safe ， common ， normal ， hard ， difficult ， dangerous ， unusual， rare ， impossible ， pleasant 如:It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party. (3).作形式主语替代动名词短语It is no good / no use / useless doing sth. 常译为 “有好处或没有用” It is no good learning English without speaking English. Its useless trying to argue with Shylock.五、作形式宾语，代替不定式，动名词短语或宾语从句。We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的it 作形式宾语，该结构中常用的动词有：think, believe, make ,find consider, feel； 如:We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important learning English well. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.The Internet makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers.六、it的重要句型 1.强调句型: It is/was + 被强调部分 + that 从句 (被强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用) It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday.Was it in the street that you met her?Who was it that called him“comrade”?特例:It is not until + 被强调部分 + that . 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语直到才，可以说是 not . until . 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.= I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.It was not until yesterday that I met my old friend.It is in a small factory that my brother is going to work.（注意上述各句均为强调句型的“考点”）2. It is/was + 时间 + since 从已多久了。It is three years since I met him in Beijing.It was a long time since I (had) lived in that small mountain village with these farmers.It is five months since I arrived in New York.我到纽约已经五个月了。（注意：终止性动词表示从动作发生时算起；如果是状态动词或持续性动词，则从动作或状态结束时算起。）3.It is + 时间 + before 这个句型和上面句型中时间都是时间段，如long、years、months、weeks、five days、three hours、twenty minutes等。不过主句的时态多用一般将来时或一般过去时。It will be several years before we meet again.It was not long before they set out for the front.4. It is up to sb. to do sth 应由某人做某事。It is up to you to decide whether we start or not.5. It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain.) that 从句 常译为清楚的（显然的，真的，可能的,肯定的） It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. = That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. 6. It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural.) that 从句 常译为是重要的(必要的,对的,奇怪的,自然的).that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 7. It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.) that 从句 常译为据说（据报道，据悉） It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. 8. It is suggested ( advised/ ordered / demanded/ insisted/ commanded. ) that 从句.that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为据建议；有命令） It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 9.It is time ( about time ，high time ) that从句(虚拟语气:动词用过去时did) It is time that children went to bed. It is time you bought a new car. It is (high ) time you made up your mind.10.It is the first ( second . ) time that从句(从句用现在完成时 have done ) It was the first ( second . ) time that从句(从句用过去完成时had done ) 常译为“是第一（二）次”。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here11. It is a pity ( a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a surprise/. ) that从句. that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常译为竟然。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班 上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！ 12.It happens (seems， looks， appears ) that从句.常译为 “ 碰巧,似乎是,看起来” It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧. It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来（四）同步训练【基础】1Youve put me in an _(令人尴尬的) position.2You will soon get _ (习惯) to the climate here.3He got his present job when he _ (离开) the army.4The road looks beautiful covered by golden pine _(松针)5Her position in the party has _(加强) in recent weeks.6The personnel manager _ (浏览) down the list of names of the applicants.7We are making slow but _(稳步的) progress.8Their socalled prosperity is only a temporary_ (现象)9The recent _ (分歧) points up the differences between the two sides. 10The pie is not very hot. Can you use the _(微波炉) to heat it a bit more?【巩固】1Cooperation or teamwork, the importance of which is often _， plays an important part in football matches.Astressed Bthink of Cpaid much attention Dtalked2Doctors are doing research to find out what happens physically when people_smoking.Aquit Bdecline Cdepart Dreserve3_the people have become masters of their country _ science can really serve the people.AIt is only then; that BIt was that; whenCIt is only when; that DIt was when; then4When I was very young I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon _ it.Agot off Bgot away Cgot across Dgot over5Hearing that most of the members voted against her, she _ a smile.Awore Bmanaged Cperformed Dcontrolled6She will have to find some other work for she cant _ this loud noise any more.Acome up with Bkeep up withCgrow up with Dput up with7The girl _ shyly at the young fellow from behind his fans.Aglanced Bglimpsed Cglared Dstared8What is the cost of your skirts here, sir?It depends on which fashion you want to buy, and the prices _ from 100 dollars to 500 dollars.Aincrease Brange Creach Ddifferent【第五单元】（1） 重点词汇总结1.重点词组1) volcano n火山2) alongside adv.在旁边；沿着边 prep.在旁边；沿着的边3) wave n波浪；波涛 vi.波动；挥手4) potential n潜在性；可能性；潜能 adj. 可能的；潜在的5) guarantee vt.保证；担保 2.词汇拓展1) erupt vi.(指火山)爆发；突然发生eruption n火山爆发；(战争等)爆发2) appoint vt.任命；委派appointment n约定；任命3) evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计evaluation n评估4) absolute adj.绝对的；完全的absolutely adv.绝对地5) suit n一套外衣；套装；vt.适合；使适宜suitable adj.合适的6) actual adj.实在的；实际的actually adv.实际地7) shoot vt.射中；射伤shot n射击；枪炮声8) anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的anxiously adv.不安地anxiety n担心；焦虑；渴望9) panic vi. & vt.惊慌 n惊慌；恐慌panicked(过去式/过去分词)10) diverse adj.多种多样的；不同的diversity n多种多样；多样性11) appreciation n欣赏；感激；感谢appreciate vt.欣赏；感激（二）重点词组总结1) be compared with.与相比2) protect.from. 保护免受伤害3) be appointed as 被委派为4) burn to the ground 全部焚毁5) be about to do sth. 即将做某事；马上就 要做某事6) make ones way 前往7) be anxious about 对忧虑/不安8) glance through 匆匆看一遍9) vary from.to. 由到不等10) give birth to 生产；产生（三）同步训练【基础】1The match had to be c_ because of the bad weather.2My time is p_； I can only give you a few minutes.3She recognized the p_ for error in the method being used.4I think its an a_ mistake the way they treat that child.5The f_ of Rome are famed for their architectural beauty.6Its _ (保证) to rain when you want to go out.7The car drew up _(在旁) the pub.8The area is flooded, as frequently happens during the _ (台风)9After a long journey in this hot weather, I was _ (出汗) all over.10She _ (颤抖) to think what might have happened to him.【巩固】1Can you imagine a volcano _ suddenly before you?Oh, it must be terrible!Aerupted Berupting Cbeing erupted Dto be erupted2You can do it if you want to, but in my opinion its not worth the _ it involves.Aeffort Battempt Ctrial Dstrength3Hearing a man following her, she _ and ran as fast as she could.Afeared Bpanicked Cafraid Dfrightened4.Try not to start every sentence with “the”. _ the beginnings of your sentences.AVary Bdecorate CForm DDescribe5It is all agreed that a good education doesnt _ a good job.Aguarantee Bresult Cpromise Dpermit6The ancient church was almost _ before the firefighters managed to control the big fire.Aburned down Bburned at Cburned off Dburning up7I called the airline to _ my flight reservation a week before I left for Canada.Aappoint Bobtain Cconfirm Dadmit8As is well known, the Dragon Boat Festival and the custom of eating rice dumplings are _ to us Chinese.Atypical Bunique Calone Dspecial 三、例题精析【例题1】 【题干】The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help.Ait Bshe Cwhich DHe 【例题2】 【题干】(2010福建六校三联)It was the skills _ he had acquired at his training period _ enabled him to get such a high post in that worldfamous company.Athat; what Bwhat; thatCthat; that Dthat; which 【例题3】 【题干】If it were not for the fact tha