英文版论文格式

1 / 17 英文版论文格式 安 徽 农 业 大 学 毕 业 论 文 论文题目 姓 名 _学 号 _专 业 指导教师 职 称 中国合肥 二 oo 年六月 安徽农业大学学士学位论文开题报告 Image of New Woman in Sister Carrie Thesis submitted to the faculty of School of Foreign Languages Anhui Agricultural University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts By:XXX Supervisor:XXX School of Foreign Languages, AHAU May 2016 Acknowledgements For this thesis, grateful acknowledgement goes first to my supervisor xxx, who took time from her busy schedule and gave me valuable advice on how to choose 2 / 17 an appropriate topic, what and how to study. Without her patient reading, careful thinking and expert instructions, the completion of this thesis would be impossible, at least, not so successful. Besides, I would like to avail myself with this opportunity to thank all teachers and professors in School of Foreign Language, Anhui Agriculture University, whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures have benefited me a lot. Moreover, I grateful acknowledge all my classmates and friends who have been supporting me throughout the four years, making my college life colorful and meaningful. Last but not least, my sincere gratitude also extends to my family, especially my dear parents, who have been working hard all day, supporting, encouraging and caring for me all of my life. Abstract Theodore Dreiser is an outstanding realistic novelist in the American literary history. His famous novel, Sister Carrie, has vividly recurred the American life and their attitude toward women during the period 3 / 17 from later 19th century to the early of 20th century. In this novel, the author portrayed a successful image of new women, Sister Carrie, who transferred from an innocent country girl to a woman full of desire for material things and emotions. She was brave and smart in pursuit of love and ambitious to be successful in career. Meanwhile, different from the traditional women, she dared to search for independence and freedom in her spirit and life. Besides, Sister Carrie was fashionable enough to challenge traditional ideas, and accept new things and ideas which seemed to be weird and unacceptable in that society. Though she knew that what she had done run counter to the social norms at that time, and would be mocked by people, she did whatever she could to realize her desire and got what she wanted. Key words: new women； Sister Carrie； desire；independence Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures Class XXX Student s Number XXX 4 / 17 Name XXX Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures. This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it. This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-ChineseChinese-English idiom translation methods from the angle of culture and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage; culture 5 / 17 is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time. Key Words: idioms; culture; translation 1. Introduction Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts. In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since 6 / 17 we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. 2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms Geographical Conditions The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression. Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of 7 / 17 France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. For example, like a fish out of water. If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会 Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进 A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as 骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴 , 众人拾柴火焰高 ,竹篮打水一场空 . Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like 海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空，海底捞针，海市蜃楼 . 8 / 17 History . . . The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms . . . Colours . . . . Numbers . . 9 / 17 3. Methods of Idiom Translation Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods: Literal Translation . . . Free Translation . . . 10 / 17 Translation with Notes . . . Replacement with Similar Idioms . . . The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning . . A Combination of Literal and Free Translation . . . 4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation 11 / 17 . . . 5. Conclusion One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. References 12 / 17 * 作者 . 书名 . 出版社，年份：参考内容页码 * 作者 . 文章名 . 刊物名称 . 出版社，年份 1 Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, XX 2 Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xian: Northwest University of technology Press, XX 3 Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translatio