[Positive-Psychology积极心理学课件ppt]1504-07-goals.ppt

GoalSetting GoalsettingtheoryandpracticeManagingtimeFrommaterialtohappinessperception Overview GoalsandPerformance Focus Beingfocusedonataskproducesorganizationforefficiencybothwithintheorganismandintheenvironment AbrahamMaslowResilienceBeliefsasself fulfillingprophecies knapsack WordscreateworldsConceptsconceive Concerningallactsofcreationthereisoneelementarytruth theignoranceofwhichkillscountlessideasandsplendidplans Thatthemomentonedefinitelycommitsoneself thenprovidencemovestoo Allsortsofthingsoccurtohelponethatwouldnothaveotherwiseoccurred Awholestreamofeventsissuesfromthedecision raisinginone sfavorallmannerofunforeseenincidentsandmeetingsandmaterialassistancewhichnomanwouldhavedreamedwouldcomehisway IhavelearnedadeeprespectforoneofGoethe scouplets Whateveryoucando ordreamyoucan beginit Boldnesshasgenius magic andpowerinit W H Murray GoalsandWellbeing LiberatingFuturegoalsasmeans presentexperiencesasendsThecaseofunhappyachievers Happinessisnotaboutmakingittothepeakofthemountain norisitaboutclimbingaimlesslyaroundthemountain happinessistheexperienceofclimbingtowardthepeak Contemporaryresearchersemphasizethatitistheprocessofstrivingaftergoals ratherthangoalattainmentperse thatiscrucialforhappinessandpositiveaffectivity DavidWatson Happinessgrowslessfromthepassiveexperienceofdesirablecircumstancesthanfrominvolvementinvaluedactivitiesandprogresstowardone sgoals Myers Diener Livenotforbattleswon Livenotforthe end of the song Liveforthealong GwendolynBrooks Self ConcordantGoals AlignedwithpersonalinterestsandvaluesFreelychosengoals Wantto vs Haveto Whatdoyoureally reallywanttodo LifeistooshorttodowhatIhavetodo it sbarelylongenoughtodowhatIwanttodo Becomingselfconcordant isadifficultskill requiringbothaccurateself perceptualabilitiesandtheabilitytoresistsocialpressuresthatmaysometimespushoneininappropriatedirections Sheldon Houser Marco 2001 TheBenefitsofSelf Concordance Increaseinwellbeing Havingastrongsenseofcontrollingone slifeisamoredependablepredictorofpositivefeelingsofwell beingthananyoftheobjectiveconditionsoflifewehaveconsidered AngusCampbell TheBenefitsofSelf Concordance IncreaseinwellbeingIncreasedlikelihoodofsuccessEnteringapositiveupwardspiralTrickleeffect Individualspursuingself concordantgoalswereultimatelyabletoexceedthelevelofacademicachievementpredictedbytheirACTscores eventhoughmostgoalswerenotdirectlyclass orgrade related Thisfindingsuggeststhatthosepeoplewhocanidentifysetsofgoalsthatwellrepresenttheirimplicitinterestsandvaluesareindeedabletofunctionmoreefficiently flexibly andintegrativelyacrossallareasoftheirlives Sheldon Eliot 1999 TheBenefitsofSelf Concordance IncreaseinwellbeingIncreasedlikelihoodofsuccessEnteringapositiveupwardspiralTrickleeffectHealth Langer 1989 Freedomvs oppression WorkOrientation WorkOrientation WorkOrientation WorkOrientation Themostbeautifulfate themostwonderfulgoodfortunethatcanhappentoanyhumanbeing istobepaidfordoingthatwhichhepassionatelylovestodo AbrahamMaslow TheThreeQuestionProcess TQP Whatismeaningfultome Whatisimportanttome Whatispleasurabletome WhatdoIenjoydoing Whataremystrengths WhatamIgoodat Flow MihalyCsikszentmihalyi HighperformanceandhighsatisfactionMotivationCreativitySelf esteemHappiness Adynamicstatethatcharacterizesconsciousnesswhenexperienceisattendedtoforitsownsake TaskDifficulty SkillLevel AnxietyFrustration Boredom OptimalLevelsofChallenge TooEasy Theneedforchallenge Bextonetal 1954 Stretchgoals Locke 2002 Thebestmomentsusuallyoccurwhenaperson sbodyormindisstretchedtoitslimitsinavoluntaryefforttoaccomplishsomethingdifficultandworthwhile MihalyCsikszentmihalyi Big hairy audaciousgoals Collins Porras 1994 TheUnderprivilegeofPrivilege Itisdoubtfulwhetheranyheaviercursecouldbeimposedonmanthanthecompletegratificationofallhiswisheswithouteffortonhispart leavingnothingforhishopes desiresorstruggles SamuelSmiles TheUnderprivilegeofPrivilege Pressuretobehappy WhatrightdoIhavetobeunhappy FeelingofinadequacyandguiltontopofpainEmotionsasthegreatequalizerPermissiontobehuman TooDifficult DivideandConquer shorttermgoals Breakingdownachievement Langer 1989 PatRiley Peoplecanimaginethemselvestakingsteps whilegreatheightsseementirelyforbidden EllenLanger ClearSenseofDirection ImmediatefeedbackWrittenplan Claypool Cangemi 1983 Specificgoals Ajzen Fishbein 1982 Settinglifelines Tami 1999 goalsin spiregoalsarelife enhancing Sound soundtheclarion fillthefife Toallthesensualworldproclaim OnecrowdedhourofgloriouslifeIsworthanagewithoutaname SirWalterScott OvercomingProcrastination The5 minutetakeoffRewardyourselfGopublicTheteamapproachGoals plans listsPermissiontore create OvercomingProcrastination TimeOut Inarecentnationalsurveyof13 500collegestudents nearly45percentreportedbeingsodepressedthattheyhaddifficultyfunctioning and94percentreportedfeelingoverwhelmedbyeverythingtheyhadtodo RichardKadison Toomuchtodo Stress feelingOverwhelmed Depression Inarecentnationalsurveyof13 500collegestudents nearly45percentreportedbeingsodepressedthattheyhaddifficultyfunctioning and94percentreportedfeelingoverwhelmedbyeverythingtheyhadtodo RichardKadison Toomuchtodo Stress feelingOverwhelmed Depression TBD TooBusyDisorder DeGenerous 2003 TimeOut Doless notmore Simplify Loveandsexareaffectednegativelybystress Ifwecanhelppeopletosimplifytheirlives thusreducingtheirstresslevels itisverylikelythatpeople srelationshipswouldbeenrichedgreatly Moreover thepositiveaspectsoftheirliveswouldbeenrichedaccordingly Susan ClydeHendrick 2002 Doless notmoreQuantityaffectsqualitySay yes bysaying no Optimumlevelsofsimplicity Simplify Workexpandstofillthetimeavailableforitscompletion CyrilNorthcoteParkinson Icandoayear sworkinninemonths butnotintwelve JPMorgan Simplicity simplicity simplicity Isayletyouraffairsbeastwoorthree andnotahundredorathousand insteadofamillioncounthalfadozen Inthemidstofthischoppingseaofcivilizedlife sucharethecloudsandstormsandquicksandsandthethousand and oneitemstobeallowedfor thatamanhastolive ifhewouldnotfounderandgothebottomandnotmakehisportatall bydeadreckoning andhemustbeagreatcalculatorindeedwhosucceeds Simplify Simplify HenryDavidThoreau Materialasthehighestend MaterialPerception Societytellsustheonlythingthatmattersismatter theonlythingsthatcountarethethingsthatcanbecounted LaurenceG Boldt CountingactivitiesCountingpublicationsCountingmoney ObsessionWithMaterialWealth Theinherentviceofcapitalismistheunequalsharingofblessings theinherentvirtueofsocialismistheequalsharingofmiseries WinstonChurchill Makingthemostofourblessings 1968 41 tomakealotofmoney83 todevelopameaningfulphilosophyoflife1997 75 tomakealotofmoney41 todevelopameaningfulphilosophyoflife TheConsequences Moneycan tbuyyouhappiness Diener 1999 TheDarkSideoftheAmericanDream Kasser Ryan 1993 lowerlikelihoodofself actualizationhigherlevelsofdistress depression anxietylowerlevelsofhappinesspoorerphysicalhealthReplicatedinSingaporeanbusiness school Kasser Ahuvia 2002 Acaveat HappinessPerception Happinessisthemeaningandpurposeoflife thewholeaimandendofhumanexistence Aristotle Whetheronebelievesinreligionornot whetheronebelievesinthisreligionorthatreligion theverypurposeofourlifeishappiness theverymotionofourlifeistowardshappiness DalaiLama Happinessasthehighestend Theultimatecurrency HappinessPerceptioninOurLives Peopleseekinggreaterwell beingwouldbewelladvisedtofocusonthepursuitof a goalsinvolvinggrowth connection andcontributionratherthangoalsinvolvingmoney beauty andpopularityand b goalsthatareinterestingandpersonallyimportanttothemratherthangoalstheyfeelforcedorpressuredtopursue Sheldonetal 2004 AskingtherightquestionsFramingmakesallthedifference TheHappinessRevolution Thousandsofcandlescanbelightedfromasinglecandle andthelifeofthecandlewillnotbeshortened Happinessneverdecreasesbybeingshared TheBuddha Insideout Vs outsidein Non zero sumgame Peacefulrevolution ImplicationsforPolitics WarsmostlyovermaterialpossessionsGovernment sroleCreatingconditionsforpursuinghappinessEnsuringfreedomEducating Everybodythinksofchanginghumanityandnobodythinksofchanginghimself LeoTolstoy Bethechangeyouwanttoseeintheworld Gandhi FromtheSonofHeavendo