Linux中Oracle数据库备份.docx

Linux中Oracle数据库备份Oracle数据备份：步骤 1 备份用户数据。1.使用linux系统下的数据库管理员账号连接linux终端。2. 执行以下语句，创建“bak_dir”文件夹。mkdir bak_dir3. 执行以下语句，为“bak_dir”文件夹赋予读、写和执行权限。chmod 777 bak_dir4. 执行以下语句，以sysdba用户登录oracle数据库服务器。sqlplus 数据库管理员账号/密码数据库实例名 as sysdba5. 执行以下语句，将“bak_dir”指定为“/opt/oracle/bak_dir”。create or replace directory bak_dir as /opt/oracle/bak_dircommit6. 执行以下语句，将“bak_dir”的读、写和执行权限赋给xx(数据用户名)用户。grant all on directory bak_dir to xx commit7. 执行以下语句，退出oracle数据库服务器。quit 执行以下语句，将sysdb用户的表备份到“bak_dir”目录下。8.expdp xx(要导出表所在的数据库用户名)/xx(密码)数据库实例名 directory=bak_dir dumpfile=expdb_xx.dmp logfile=expdb_xxlog tables=表名Oracle数据还原：1.在命令行输入：sqlplus /as sysdba 2. 执行以下语句登录xx数据库，用户名：xx，密码：xx（请输入当地实际密码）conn xx/xx;3.如果恢复的表中有涉及到触发器的请停止触发器，例：A表alter table A disable all triggers;commit;4. 执行以下语句退出当前用户quit;5. 执行以下语句，恢复用户数据。impdp xx/xx数据库实例名 directory=bak_dir table_exists_action=truncate dumpfile=expdb_xx.dmp logfile=impdb_xx.log 5.在命令行输入：sqlplus /as sysdba6. 执行以下语句登录xx数据库，用户名：xx，密码：xx（请输入当地实际密码）conn xx/xx;7. 执行以下语句打开被禁止的触发器alter table A enable all triggers;commit;上面方法是可以实现我们想要的，但但大型WEB服务器肯定是要自动定时进行备份的。1.-创建数据表空间 2.create tablespace test_data 3.logging 4.datafile /u01/app/oradata/test/TEST.dbf 5.size 32m 6.autoextend on 7.next 32m maxsize 2048m 8.extent management local; 9. 10.-创建用户并指定表空间 11.create user TEST identified by 123 12.default tablespace test_data 13.temporary tablespace temp; 14. 15.-给用户授予权限 16.grant connect,resource to TEST;用Test用户登录，创建一个表，并插入两条数据：create table t1( Id varchar(50) primary key, title varchar(50) ); insert into t1 values(sys_guid(),t1); insert into t1 values(sys_guid(),t2); commit;先写一个导出的脚本文件：export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_SID=TEST export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH d=$(date +%Y%m%d) exp TEST/123TEST file=/home/oracle/backup/$d.dmp log=/home/oracle/backup/$d.log owner=TEST zip -m /home/oracle/backup/$d.zip /home/oracle/backup/$d.dmp /home/oracle/backup/$d.log前4句是设置环境变量，因为crontab定时调用时，不会使用oracle用户的环境变量，所以要先把它们导进来。第6行以当前日期作为导出的文件名，例如20120626.dmp和20120626.log。第7行把这两个文件打成一个zip包，并删掉这两个文件。要用chmod命令把这个sh标记为可执行：chmod +x backup.sh 用oracle用户，输入crontab -e命令，编辑oracle用户的任务计划：1.oraclelocalhost backup$ crontab -e 2.42 13 * * * /home/oracle/backup/backup.sh 这样就添加了一个计划，在每天的13点42分运行/home/oracle/backup/backup.sh。这样就可以了，利用linux计划任务就实现了。备份策略:星期天 0 级星期一,二,四,五,六 2 级星期三 1 级-创建本地管理路径mkdir -p /dinglp/ora_managed/backupmkdir -p /dinglp/ora_managed/backupmkdir -p /dinglp/ora_managed/backup/export-mkdir -p /dinglp/ora_managed/backup/logmkdir -p /dinglp/ora_managed/backup/rman_backupmkdir -p /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts-创建rman表空间和rman用户create tablespace rman_tbs datafile /oradata/luke/rman_tbs01.dbf size 1024M;create user rman_dlp identified by dlp default tablespace rman_tbs temporary tablespace temp;grant connect,resource ,recovery_catalog_owner to rman;-注册catalog 数据库rman catalog rman_dlp/dlpcreate catalog tablespace rman_tbs;connect target sys/dgpriamryregister database;report schema;-设置备份参数configure retention policy to redundancy 2;configure retention policy to recovery window of 7 days;-以下是备份脚本(可以通过vi进行编辑)dlp- touch exp_rman.pardlp- touch exp_rman.shdlp- touch rman_bk_LEVEL0.rcv (数据库0级备份)dlp- touch rman_bk_LEVEL0.shdlp- touch rman_bk_LEVEL1.rcv (数据库1级备份)dlp- touch rman_bk_LEVEL1.shdlp- touch rman_bk_LEVEL2.rcv (数据库2级备份)dlp- touch rman_bk_LEVEL2.sh-倒出RMAN用户数据脚本exp_rman.par# exp_rman.par #userid=rman_dlp/dlp file=/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/export/rman.dmplog=/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/log/rman.log-倒出RMAN数据SHELL脚本exp_rman.sh# exp_rman.sh #!/bin/bashsource /home/Oracle/.bash_profilecd /dinglp/ora_managed/scriptsexp parfile=exp_rman.par-零级备份RMAN脚本rman_bk_LEVEL0.rcvconnect catalog rman_dlp/dlpconnect target sys/dgprimaryrun allocate channel d1 type disk;allocate channel d2 type disk;backup incremental level 0 database format /dinglp/ora_managed/backup/rman_backup/level0_%d_%s_%p_%u.baktag=level 0 include current controlfile;sql alter system archive log current;backup archivelog all format /dinglp/ora_managed/backup/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak delete all input;release channel d2;release channel d1;crosscheck backup;delete noprompt expired backup;delete noprompt obsolete;resync catalog;exit;-零级备份SHELL脚本的rman_bk_LEVEL0.sh# rman_bk_LEVEL0.sh #!/bin/bashsource /home/Oracle/.bash_profilecd /dinglp/ora_managed/scriptsrman cmdfile=rman_bk_LEVEL0.rcv msglog=$HOME/backup/log/rman_bk_LEVEL0.log./dinglp/ora_managed/script/exp_rman.sh-一级差异增量备份RMAN脚本rman_bk_LEVEL1.rcvconnect catalog rman_dlp/dlpconnect target sys/dgprimaryrun allocate channel d1 type disk;backup incremental level 1 format /dinglp/ora_managed/backup/rman_backup/level1_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak tag = level 1 database;sql alter system archive log current;backup archivelog all format /dinglp/ora_managed/backup/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak delete all input;release channel d1;crosscheck backup;delete noprompt expired backup;delete noprompt obsolete;resync catalog;exit;-一级差异增量备份SHELL脚本rman_bk_LEVEL1.sh# rman_bk_LEVEL1.sh #!/bin/bashsource /home/Oracle/.bash_profilecd /dinglp/ora_managed/scriptsrman cmdfile=rman_bk_LEVEL1.rcv msglog=/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/log/rman_bk_LEVEL1.log. /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts/exp_rman.sh-二级差异增量备份RMAN脚本rman_bk_LEVEL2.rcvconnect catalog rman_dlp/dlpconnect target sys/dgprimaryrun allocate channel d1 type disk;backup incremental level 2 format /dinglp/ora_managed/backup/rman_backup/level2_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak tag = level 2 database;sql alter system archive log current;backup archivelog all format /dinglp/ora_managed/backup/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak delete all input;release channel d1;crosscheck backup;delete noprompt expired backup;delete noprompt obsolete;resync catalog;exit;-二级差异增量备份SHELL脚本rman_bk_LEVEL2.sh# rman_bk_LEVEL2.sh #!/bin/bashsource /home/Oracle/.bash_profilecd /dinglp/ora_managed/scriptsrman cmdfile=rman_bk_LEVEL2.rcv msglog=/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/log/rman_bk_LEVEL2.log. /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts/exp_rman.sh-提高RMAN增量备份性能alter database enable block change tracking using file /u01/app/Oracle/admin/devdb/bdump/luke.log;desc v$block_change_tracking;-RMAN 动态视图V$ARCHIVED_LOG 显示在数据库中已经创建、备份或清除的归档文件。V$BACKUP_CORRUPTION 显示在备份集的备份过程中找到的损坏块。V$COPY_CORRUPTION 显示映像复制过程中找到的损坏块。V$BACKUP_DATAFILE 用于通过确定各数据文件中的块数来创建大小相同的备份集。通过它也可以找出数据文件中已损坏的块数。 V$BACKUP_REDOLOG 显示在备份集中存储的归档日志。V$BACKUP_SET 显示已经创建的备份集。V$BACKUP_PIECE 显示为备份集