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Chapter6InterviewingSurvey 1 Interviewsareaprimequalitativedatacollectingtoolandservemanyusefulpurposes includingthoseofsamplesurveys 2 Althoughinterviewmaybespontaneousevents oncecertainneededinformationistargeted interviewstypicallybecomeplannedevents sometimeswithstructuredquestionstoassureobtainingthedesiredinformation 3 Whetherstructuredornot spontaneousorplanned gettingaresponseasclosetonaturalconversation unbiasedbythefactthatitisaninterview iscritical 4 Thepursuits Exploring probing andsearchingtodeterminewhatisespeciallysignificantaboutapersonorsituation Determininghowindividualsperceivetheirsituationitsmeaningtothem whatisespeciallysignificantaboutittothem whatmightbesignificanttoothersbutislesssoorunimportanttothem howitcametobewhatitis howtheythinkitwillbechangedinthefuture 5 Identifyingthecauseincauseandeffectrelationships Findingexplanationsfordiscrepanciesbetweenobservedandexpectedeffects Findingexplanationsfordeviationsfromcommonbehaviorsbyindividualsorsubgroups Providingcluestotheprocessesandmechanismscalledintoplaybythesituation 6 Makingsuretherespondentcorrectlyunderstandswhatwasasked Followingupincompleteornonresponsiveanswers Gettingresponsesfromindividualswhomightnotrespondtoormightnotunderstandaquestionnaire 7 Certainly whereverthereisadesiretotapaninternalprocess togainknowledgeofapersons sperceptions feelings oremotions ortostudyacomplexindividualorsocialbehavior someformofinterviewingismosthelpful Itisthemajormeansoftappingthoughtprocesses 8 Wetendtothinkofinterviewingasstraightforwardquestion and answerconversationbetweentwoindividualsdirectedbytheinterviewer Interviewsvarydependingonwhethertheresearcherissimplyexploring verifyingahypothesis ordeterminingthelimitsofitsgenerality 9 TypesofInterviewingSurvey UnstructuredinterviewPartiallystructuredinterviewSemistructuredinterviewStructuredinterviewTotallystructuredinterview 10 AContinuum Wecancombinethesealternativesintoacontinuumorderedbytheamountofstructure thepredeterminingofspecificwording orderofpresentation andresponserecordingprocess 11 directinterviewfacetofaceinterviewindirectinterviewtelephoneinterview 12 individualinterviewonetooneinterviewgroupinterviewfocusinterview 13 ProcedureofInterviewingSurvey BuildupthedestinationofresearchConsiderthetypeofinterviewandthechooseintervieweesDesignthequestionsofinterviewPreparefortheinterviewPre interviewandmodifytheinterviewplan 14 Interviewquestiondesigning Closed endquestionsOpen endquestions 15 Interviewingskills HowtoquestionHowtolistenAndhowtorespond 16 TipsofInterviewing IdentifyyourselfandsettherespondentateaseTherespondent sreactionoftenmirrorsthatoftheinterviewerIfyouwantlongeranddetailedresponses reinforcethosekindsofanswers say Yes Okay or Isee ornod 17 Toteachandmotivatetherespondent usefeedbackexpressionslikethese Thanks thisisthesortofinformationwe relookingforinthisresearch It simportanttoustogetthisinformation It simportanttoustogetthisinformation Thesedetailsarehelpful It susefultogetyourideas youropinion onthis 18 Mastertheprobe pp251 252 Whereprobingrecall useprobes
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