汽车专业英语(原书作者宋红英)第一～二章ppt课件.ppt

UnitoneAutomobileStructure Contents Pre questions II TextExplanation III Exercises TypesofModernAutomobiles1 cars2 passengercars3 trucks4 tractorsandvehiclecombination5 specialtypevehicle6 Self dumpingcar7 farmvehicle8 off roadvehicle Pre questions Specialvehicle car Tractor Truck PassengerCars 2 withrespecttoenginearrangementanddrivingtype Pre questions Doyouknowwhobuiltthefirstcarintheworldandwhen KarlBenzIn1886 Pre questions Howmanymainpartsdoestheautomobileconsistof 1 engine 2 chassis 3 body 4 electricalsystem Pre questions Whichiscalledthe heart ofautomobile AnenginethatisusedtosupplypowerforanautomobileWhatisthechassiscomposedof drivingsystem runninggear steeringsystemandbrakesystem Pre questions Drivingsystem Brakesystem Steeringsystem runninggear Pre questions Whatistheelectricalsystemcomposedof Theelectricsystemincludesthebattery generator startingsystem ignitionsystem lightingsystem hornsystem radioandotherdevices Pre questions Whatarethefunctionsofthefoursystems Drivingsystemworksbytransmittingenginepowertothedrivingwheels Suspensionsystem sfunctionistoincreasestrengthanddurabilityofcomponentsandtomeetcustomers requirementsforridingcomfortanddrivingsafety Steeringsystemisusedtocontrolthedrivingdirectionofanautomobile Brakesystemisusedtoretardthemotionofthevehicle Pre questions Inotherwords anyautomobileiscomposedofthesectionssuchasengine chassis bodyandelectricsystem Inotherwords换句话说becomposedof由 组成译文 换句话说 任何一辆汽车都是由发动机 底盘 车身和电器设备组成的 II TextExplanation InotherwordsInotherwords theyremainrelativelyconstantorstatic 换句话说 它们相对的稳定 静止 Inotherwords wehaveadheredtoscientificsocialism 也就是说 我们坚持了科学社会主义 becomposedofNavymustbecomposedofsurfaceshipunitandsubmarineunit 海军一定是由水面舰艇部队和潜艇部队组成 II TextExplanation Theinternalcombustionengineburnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionor explosion intorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle Theinternalcombustionengine内燃机Convert into 使转变 转换 Propelvt 推进 驱使译文 内燃机在汽缸内燃烧燃料 然后把燃烧或者 爆炸 所产生的膨胀力变成旋转力 用以推动车辆前进 II TextExplanation Convert into Theyconvertedthegarageintoatheater 他们将车库改成戏院 convertwaterintoice 将水变成冰convertingfeetintometers 将英尺换算成公尺 II TextExplanation Brakesystemisabalancedsetofmechanicalandhydraulicdevicesusedtoretardthemotionofthevehiclebymeansoffriction Hydraulic hai dr lik adj 液压的 水力的Retard ri t d vt 延迟 使减速 阻碍Friction frik n n 摩擦 摩擦力译文 制动系统是一套平衡的机械和液压设备 它可通过摩擦来阻止车辆的运动 II TextExplanation bymeansof用 方式 方法 依靠Theysucceededbymeansofperseverance 他们依靠坚忍不拔而获得成功 Healwaysgoestoschoolbymeansofbike他总是骑自行车上学 II TextExplanation II TextExplanation In1956 theNo 1AutoPlantwasestablishedinChangchun andturnedoutthefirstbatchofliberationautomobilesforourcountry establishvt 建立 设立 确定turnedoutvt 生产 起床 翻出 制造 关掉译文 在1956年 一汽在长春成立了 并且为我们国家生产出了第一批解放牌轿车 turnoutAvastcrowdturnedouttowatchthematch 大群的观众到场观看比赛 Ifthedayturnsoutwetwemayhavetochangeourplans 万一下雨的话 我们也许得改变计划 II TextExplanation III Exercises TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese chassisdrivingsysteminternalcombustionenginesteeringsystembrakingsystemclutchgearboxuniversaljointpropellershaftgenerator 底盘传动系统内燃机转向系统制动系统离合器变速箱万向节驱动轴发电机 IdentifytheEnglishnamesofclutchaccordingtothepicture III Exercises 1 engine 2 clutch 3 gearbox 4 propellershaft 5 differential 6 rearaxle Themotorvehicleengineisbasicallyadeviceforconvertingtheinternalenergystoredinitsfuelintomechanicalenergy Itisclassifiedasaninternalcombustionenginebyvirtueofthisenergyconversiontakingplacewithintheenginecylinders Sincetheterm energy impliesthecapacitytoperformwork theengineisthusabletopropelthevehiclealongtheroadand withinlimits overcomeunwantedoppositiontoitsmotionarisingfromrollingfrictionandairdrag Tofacilitatethisprocesstheengineiscombinedwithatransmissionsystem III Exercises I TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese Ineffect thedrivingsystemworksbytransmittingenginepowertothedrivingwheels 实际上 传动系统的作用是将发动机的动力传递到驱动车轮 Theelectricsystemsupplieslightinganddrivingpowerfortheautomobile 电气系统可为汽车提供照明和驱动的电力 Thebodystylingprovidesanattractive colorful modernappearanceforthevehicle 车身的式样为汽车提供了诱人的 多彩的 现代的外观形象 III Exercises 汽车主要由四个部分组成 他们是 发动机 底盘 车身和电气设备 Anautomobileisgenerallycomposedoffoursectionssuchasengine chassis bodyandelectricalsystem 传动系由离合器 变速箱 传动轴 后桥 差速器 从动轮组成 Thetransmissionsystemconsistsofclutch gearbox propellershaft rearaxle differentialandthedrivingroadwheels III Exercises II TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish 气门机构的作用是及时地吸入新鲜的混合气和排出废气Thevalvegearprovidestimelyadmissionofthefreshchargeintothecylindersandexhaustofspentgasesfromthem III Exercises ThankYou Unit2 1MainComponentsofEngine Contents Pre questions II TextExplanation III Exercises Pre questions Theheartofautomobile Whatimpressionoftheengine complicated power Pre questions Whataretheretypesoftheengine electricmotors steamengines andinternalcombustionenginesWhat stheinternalcombustionengine burnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionintorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle Pre questions Single cylinderengine cylinder piston Pistonpin Connectingrod crankshaft Oilpipe Intakevalve Exhaustvalve Timinggear Oilpump whatisthepowersourceofautomobileandhowtoproduce piston pistonpin connectingrod crankshaft EnginePowerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder Theconnectingrodtransmitstheup and downmotionofthepistontothecrankshaft whichchangesitintorotarymotion Pre questions Theenginecomprisestwomechanismandfivesystems whatarethey crankshaftandconnectingrodmechanism valvegear coolingsystem lubricatingsystem fuelsystem startingsystem ignitionsystem Pre questions connectingrod flywheel crankshaft piston intakevalve exhaustvalve pushrod tappet timinggears Valvegear Connectingrod Enginecoolingsystem Enginelubricatingsystem Fuelsupplysystem Valvegear What sthefunctionofthecrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanism Itsfunctionistoconvertheatenergyintomechanicalenergyusedtodrivethevehicles Pre questions Theinternalcombustionengine asitsnameindicates burnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionintorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle 译文 内燃机 顾名思义 就是燃料在气缸内部燃烧 并且把燃烧时的膨胀力转化为驱动车辆的旋转力 II TextExplanation Ofallautomobilecomponents plicated k mplikeitid adj 复杂的 难解的dominance d m n ns n 优势 统治译文 汽车发动机是一切汽车部件中结构最复杂 对汽车功能起支配作用的一个总成 II TextExplanation Itsfunctionistoconvertheatenergyintomechanicalenergyusedtodrivethevehicles Convert into 转变 变换译文 它的作用就是将热能转换成机械能用来驱动汽车 II TextExplanation Convert into 转变 变换Thatbuildinghasbeenconvertedintoaschool 那座楼房改成学校了 兑换IwanttoconvertsomeHongKongdollarsintoAmericandollars 我想把一些港元换成美元 改变信仰 党派或意见等Shemanagedtoconverthimtoheropinion 她终于设法说服了他接受她的意见 II TextExplanation Powerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder linear lini adj 线的 直线的 线性的piston pist n n 活塞 II TextExplanation Thepistonattachedtothetopofaconnectingrodbyapin calledapistonpinorwristpin attachtov 连接connectingrod连杆pistonpin wristpin活塞销 II TextExplanation Theconnectingrodtransmitstheup and downmotionofthepistontothecrankshaft whichchangesitintorotarymotion transmit to 把 传到 whichchangesitintorotarymotion定语从句 II TextExplanation dieselengineswaterpumptheignitiondistributoroilpantiminggearcrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanismvalvegearfuelsystemexhaustpipeexhaustmanifold III Exercises TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese 柴油发动机水泵分电器油底壳正时齿轮曲柄连杆机构配气机构燃油系统排气管排气歧管 1 cylinderheadcover2 piston3 timingtoothedbelt4 waterpump5 oilpan6 oilpump7 crankshaft8 flywheel9 distributor10 valve III Exercises Thecrankshaftrepresentsthefinallinkintheconversionofreciprocatingmotionatthepistontooneofrotationattheflywheel Inthecastofthemulti cylinderengine thecrankshafthastocontroltherelativemotionsofthepistons whilereceivingtheirownimpulses Aone piececonstructionismostcommonlyusedforthemotor vehiclecrankshaft whichextendsthewholelengthoftheengineandmustthereforepossessconsiderablerigidity III Exercises Thetiming drivefortheenginevalvemechanismistakenfromthefrontendofthecrankshaftasisthepulleyandbeltdrivefortheengineauxiliaries suchasthecoolingfanandthealternatorforelectricalsystem attachedtotherearendofthecrankshaftistheengineflywheel III Exercises I TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese 1 Engineisthepowersourceoftheautomobile Powerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder 发动机是汽车的动力源 它通过汽缸内的活塞线性运动产生的 2 Thefuelsystemworksaccordingtotherequirementsoftheengineasitprovidesanair fuelmixturewhichmustbeinproportiontothespeedandloadplacedontheengine 燃油系统的作用是根据发动机的转速和负荷提供一定比例的可燃混合气以满足发动机的需求 III Exercises 3 Thevalvegearprovidestimelyadmissionofthefreshchargeintothecylindersandexhaustofspentgasesfromthem 配气机构机构可定时的将新鲜气体充入气缸 并且将废气排放出去 III Exercises 1 发动机主要有两大机构五大系统组成 Anengineismainlycomposedoftwomechanismsandfivesystems 2 曲柄连杆机构主要包括机体组 活塞连杆组和曲轴飞轮组 Thecrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanismmainlyconsistsoftheenginecrankcaseandcylinderblock thepistonandconnectingrod thecrankshaftandflywheel III Exercises II TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish 3 水泵工作时 可以将冷却液在发动机水套中和散热器之间来回流动 Whenrevolving thewaterpumpcirculatescoolantbetweentheenginewaterjacketsandtheradiator III Exercises III Exercises PrincipleofFour strokeEngine 1 intakestroke2 compressstroke3 powerstroke4 exhauststroke Intakevalve Exhaustvalve ThankYou Unit2 2CylinderBlockandCylinderHead Contents Pre questions II TextExplanation III Exercises EngineBody crankcase cylinderblock cylinderhead cylinder oilpassageandwaterpassage oilpan Thecylindergasket Whatistheengineblockcomprisedof thecylindersectionandthecrankcasesection Pre questions thecylinder crankcase Pre questions Howmanytypeshastheenginearrangement whatarethey In line V type Horizontallyopposedtype What sthefunctionandthematerialofthecylinderhead Function SealthetopthecylinderandformthecombustionchamberwiththepistonandthecylinderMaterial greyironoralloyironaluminum Pre questions cylindergasket cylinderhead cylindercover pad tofitsparkplug Pre questions Whattypesofthecombustionchambersarethere Pre questions wedge shapedbasin shapedhemispherical Theengineblockisthemainsupportingstructuretowhichallotherpartsareattacheddirectlyorindirectly attached t t t vt附上 的directlyadv 直接地Indirectlyadv 间接地译文 气缸体是主要的支承部件 它可以将其它部件直接或间接的装配在上面 II TextExplanation 反义词 Thesurfacesaremachinedtoallowthepistonstomovewithminimumwearandfriction allowvt允许 承认allowsb todosth allowdoingsth Friction frik n n 摩擦 摩擦力译文 加工出的表面允许活塞在最小磨损和摩擦力下运动 II TextExplanation Allow使 成为可能 允许近义词 permitThewindfallallowedmetobuyahouse 这意外之财使我得以购置一幢房子 Allowmetointroducemyself 请允许我自我介绍一下 II TextExplanation Withtheincreasedconcernforprovidinghigheroutputandlowerfuelconsumption carmanufacturesaretryingtomakethevehiclelighter Concernvt 涉及 关系到n 关心 关注concernfor对 的关心 忧虑concernwith和 有关 一般用 beconcernedwith consumptionn 消费 消费量译文 随着对汽车产量和低燃耗的关注度越来越高 汽车生产厂家尽量把汽车做的轻一些 II TextExplanation Concernvt 1 不用被动语态 关于2 涉及 关系到 影响到Theletterischieflyconcernedwithexportcommodities 这封信主要是关于出口商品的 Thenewsconcernsyourbrother 这消息与你兄弟有关 3 使担心 使不安 about for Theboy spoorhealthconcernedhisparents 那男孩健康状况不佳 使他的父母亲忧虑 Heisconcernedforhersafety 他担心她的安全 4 使关心 about with Hewasveryconcernedabouther 他对她非常关心 II TextExplanation Itshouldbepaidattentiontothedirectionwhenfixing to是介词 所以后面接名词以及动名词 payattentiontosth doingsth Pleasepayattentiontotakingcareofyourbaby 请注意照顾好你的小孩 译文 应该注意装配时的方向 II TextExplanation Cylindergasket Function fittedbetweenthecylinderblockandcylinderheadtosealtheareabetweenthemandpreventleakageofgas oilandwater Payattentiontothedirectionwhenfixing II TextExplanation Inordertomakethealuminumstrongerandlesslikelytowarp certainmaterialsareaddedtothemetalorasteellinerplacedintheblock Inorderto为了Westartedearlyinordertoarrivebeforedark 为了在天黑前到达 我们很早就动身了 II TextExplanation warp w p n 弯曲 歪曲vt 弄歪 使翘曲vi 变弯 变歪addedtoincresed 本身 增加addedto 别人 别的东西 增加译文 为了使铝制材料强度更高 尽可能的减少弯曲变形 可加入一定的金属材料或者在缸体内镶钢缸套 区别 II TextExplanation cylinderblockcylinderheadoilpancylindergasketcylinderlinerwedge shapedcombustionchamberbasin shapedcombustionchamberin lineenginessparkplugsinjection III Exercises TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese 气缸体气缸盖油底壳气缸垫缸套楔形燃烧室盆形燃烧室直列发动机火花塞喷油器 III Exercises 1 cylinderheadcover 2 cylinderhead 3 cylindergasket 4 cylinderblock 5 oilpan Ithaslongsincebeenestablishedpracticetocombinethecylinderblockandcrankcaseintoasingleunit thisgenerallybeingtermed monobloc construction Thehistoricaloriginsofthisformofconstructiondatebacktotheearly1920s whentherewasageneraltrendtowardssimplificationoftheenginestructure III Exercises Untilthenthecylinderblockandcrankcasewereproducedasseparateunits incastironandaluminumalloyrespectively andthenboltedtogether Inrelationtomodernenginedesign themonoblocconstructionprovidesaverynecessaryrigidfoundationfortheengineandreducesmanufacturingcosts III Exercises I TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese 1 Inordertomakethealuminumstrongerandlesslikelytowarp certainmaterialsareaddedtothemetalorasteellinerplacedintheblock 为了使铝制缸体刚度更强和尽可能的减少磨损 可将一些材料加入其中或者在缸体中安装缸套 2 Thecylindergasket sfunctionistosealtheareabetweenthemandpreventleakageofgas oilandwater 气缸垫的作用就是密封缸盖与缸体之间的区域 避免漏气 漏油和漏水 III Exercises 3 Thecylindersofmulti cylinderautomotiveenginesarearrangedinoneofthreeways 多缸发动机的气缸排列方式是这三种形式之一 III Exercises II TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish 1 气缸垫安装时 要注意它的方向性 Itshouldbepaidattentiontothedirectionwhenfixingthecylindergasket 2 铝制缸体为了提高它的刚度 常常要在气缸中安装缸套 Inordertomakethealuminumstronger asteellineroftenplacedintheblock 3 直列式是发动机中最简单的一种排列方式 In lineengineisthesimplestarrangement III Exercises ThankYou Unit2 3PistonandConnectingRod Contents Pre questions II TextExplanation III Exercises whatdoesthepistonassemblyconsistof Itmainlyconsistsofpiston pistonrings pistonpin andconnectingrod Pre questions piston pistonrings pistonpin connectingrod Pre questions piston pistonrings pistonpin connectingrod Function Function transmittheforceofexpansiontocrankshaftthroughconnectingrodWithstandinggaspressure Pre questions characteristic light rigid cylindricalshapedhollow Pre questions cylindricalshapedhollow Whatisthepistoncomposedof pistonhead pistonlands pistonskirtandpistonpinhole Pre questions Components pistontop pistonhead pistonskirt pistonpinhole Pre questions What sthefunctionoftheconnectingrod topassthereciprocatingpowerofthepistontothecrankshaft Pre questions Smallend Connectingrodbushing Connectingrod Bigend Connectingrodhalfshells Connectingrodcap Towithstandtheheatofthecombustionchamber thepistonmustbestrong Withstandvt 抵挡 经受住thecombustionchamber燃烧室译文 活塞必须要坚固才能承受燃烧室的热量 II TextExplanation Insomeapplication anarrowgrooveiscutintothepistonabovethetopringtoserveasa heatdam toreducetheamountofheatreachingthetopring groove gr v n 凹槽heatdam隔热槽译文 在有些结构中 为了减少传到顶部活塞环的热量 在活塞环的上部切割出一个很窄的环槽 叫做 隔热槽 II TextExplanation cutintov减少 侵犯 打断Don tcutintothestory 不要打断故事 Theknifeeasilycutintothecake 刀一下子就切进了蛋糕 Theotherhousegotoldandshabby andthatcutintothevalue 周围的房子都破旧不堪 这使得他房子的价值降低了 II TextExplanation serveasvt 担任 充当 起 的作用 Thesephilosophicalviewsserveasaguideinlife 这些哲学观点可以作为处世指南 Hewillserveasmayor 他将任市长一职 近义词 actas 区别 serve为 服务 II TextExplanation Itmaybeflat concave andconvexoranyoneofagreatvarietyofshapestopromoteturbulenceorhelpcontrolcombustion concave k n keiv n 凹 凹面convex k n veks adj 表面弯曲如球的外侧 凸起的译文 活塞顶部 形状可以是平顶 凹顶 凸顶或者其它各种形状 这些形状促进紊流或有助于控制燃烧 II TextExplanation agreatvarietyofadj 多种 各种 多种多样的Wewillappealtoagreatvarietyofsourcesofinformation 我们将求助于多种资料来源 II TextExplanation Classificationofpistontop Toavoidmisplacingtherodcapsduringassembly theconnectingrodsandtheirmatingcapsaremarkedononesidewithserialnumbers startingwiththefirstrodfromtheradiator toidentifytheirlocationintheengine 译文 为了避免装配错误 从散热器的一侧为开始 在连杆以及与其相配的连杆盖的一侧标注有序列数以区分它们在发动机中的位置 II TextExplanation avoidvt 避免 n v ing Theyallavoidedmentioningthatname 他们都避免提及那名字 Shebrakedsuddenlyandavoidedanaccident 她紧急刹车 避免了一场车祸 theradiatorn 散热器misplace mis pleis vt 放错地方 II TextExplanation TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese pistonringpistonpinconnectingrodexpansionforcecylinderwallinthebottomofthegroovespassthereciprocatingpowerofthepistonconnectingrodsmallendconnectingrodcapconnectingrodbearinghalfshells III Exercises 活塞环活塞销连杆膨胀力汽缸壁在槽的底部传递活塞的往复动力连杆小头连杆盖连杆轴瓦 compressionrings oilrings pistonpin piston connectingrod connectingrodbolt crankbearinghalfshell connectingrodcap III Exercises Pistonringsareoftwobasictypes thatis compressionringsandoil controlrings Theyperformimportantfunctionsasfollows theuppercompressionringsmustmaintainaneffectivesealagainstcombustiongasesleakingpastthepistonsintothecrankcase Theloweroil controlringsservetocontrolandeffectivelydistributethelubricatingoilthrownontothecylinderwalls consistentwithmaintaininggoodlubricationandanacceptableoilconsumption Theseringsalsoprovideameansbywhichsurplusheatistransmittedfromthepistontothecylinderwallandthentothecoolingjacket III Exercises I TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese 1 Thepistonconvertsthepotentialenergyofthefuelintokineticenergythatturnsthecrankshaft 活塞将燃料燃烧的能量转换成驱动曲轴旋转的动能 2 Thepistonandrodassemblytransmitsthepowerfromcombustionchambertothecrankshaft 活塞连杆组将燃烧室的能量传递给曲轴 3 ShankoftheconnectingrodisprovidedwithanI crosssectiontogivetherodmaximumrigiditywiththeminimumofweight 为了使连杆得到最大的刚度和最小的重量 连杆杆身部分加工为工形结构 III Exercises II TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish 1 活塞销装在活塞的环形的孔里 活塞销把活塞和连杆连接起来 用来支撑活塞销的活塞厚的部分称为活塞销凸台 Apistonpinfitsintoaroundholeinthepiston Thepistonpinjoinsthepistontotheconnectingrod Thethickpartofthepistonthatholdsthepistonpinisthepinboss 2 活塞销贯穿活塞 把连杆小头与活塞连在一起 并将连杆保持在活塞中心的适当位置处 Thepistonpinfitsthroughonesideofthepiston throughthesmallendoftherod andthenthroughtheothersideofthepiston Itholdstherodfirmlyinplaceinthecenterofthepiston III Exercises 3 顶部的两道保证活塞与气缸壁间密封的环叫做气环 底下的一道防止机油飞溅到缸筒从而窜入燃烧室的环叫做油环 Thetoptworingsaretokeepthegasesinthecylinderandarecalledcompressionrings Theloweronepreventstheoilsplashedontothecylinderborefromenteringthecombustionchamber andiscalledanoilring III Exercises variablecompressionratio缩写VCR可变压缩比Function Satisfyinghighcompressionforstartingandlowercompressionunderload III Exercises ThankYou Unit2 4CrankshaftandFlywheel Contents Pre questions II TextExplanation III Exercises Pre questions What sthecrankshaftassemblycomposedof crankshaft bearings timing