4 B7 U1 Grammar-动词不定式 (P7-9 in Vic En).ppt

B7U1LivingWell Grammar TheInfinitive动词不定式 P7 9inVic En Leadin Lookatthesentencesandmarktheirusagesaccordingtotheheadingbelow 1Asthesubject S 2Asthepredicative P 3Astheobject O 4Astheobjectcomplement Oc 5Astheattributive A 6Astheadverbial Ad 动词不定式 一 不定式的句法功能二 不定式的否定式三 不定式的省略形式四 不定式的复合结构五 不定式的时态和语态六 不定式的一些补充 Grammar 动词不定式由 构成 可以在句中作 等 但不能作 一 不定式的句法功能 to 动词原形 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾语补足语 谓语 不定式作主语Tofinishthisreporttookhimaweek 注意 主谓一致Tomasteraforeignlanguage noteasy Toknowwhatisgoodandtodowhatisright twodifferentthings 注意 形式主语 Itis adj n todo Itisnoteasytomasteraforeignlanguage is are 注意 作介词but except的宾语Shecoulddonothingbut toherteacherthatshewaswrong A admitB admittedC toadmitD admitting candonothingbut exceptdo 只好 havenochoicebuttodo cannotchoose helpbutdo A 注意 help后的宾语带不带to均可Shecan thelp thehousebecausesheisbusymakingacake A tocleanB cleaningC cleanedD beingcleaned can thelp to docan thelpdoing A 不能帮助做某事 情不自禁 忍不住做 注意 v 短语 sb todocallon waitfor dependon relyon carefor longfor wouldlike老师号召我们向雷锋学习 Theteacher LeiFeng 我可以依靠他来处理这个问题吗 CanI theproblem calledonustolearnfrom dependonhimtodealwith 不定式作定语注意 不定式作定语多表示将来Thisisthebridge build lastyear Thisisthebridge nextyear 注意 first last next only 序数词 最高级 todo他总是第一个到学校的人 Heisalways school built tobebuilt thefirstonetogetto 注意 不定式的主动表被动 作定语的不定式与被它所修饰的名词有着主谓关系或者与主语间存在动宾关系 Haveyougotanything say foryourself you和say之间有主谓关系 Haveyougotanything type manager type的动作不是you manager发出Thisquestionishard foryou tosay tobetyped you和answer之间有主谓关系不定式与主语间存在动宾关系 toanswer SeeVic EnP24 注意 不定式若为vi 其后则须有相应的prep Thechairlooksratherhard butinfactitisverycomfortableto A sitB sitonC besatD besatonTherearefivepairs butI matalosswhichtobuy A tobechosenB tochoosefromC tochooseD forchoosing B B 不定式作状语用法 作目的状语 todo inordertodo soastodo 不能放句首 Ourteacheralwaysdoeswhatshecan help uswithourstudy lateinthemorning Bobturnedoffthealarm A TosleepB SleepingC SleepD Havingslept tohelp A 用法 作原因状语 be adj todo很高兴听到这个消息 Iamverygladtohearthenews 用法 作独立成份Totellyouthetruth Tobehonest Tobeginwith Tomakethingsworse 由 not never todo 构成Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirsttrain thetrain Mrs Smithwarnedherdaughter afterdrinking A nevertodriveB toneverdriveC neverdrivingD neverdrive 二 不定式的否定式 A soas nottomiss 1 为了避免重复 省略to后的动词2 省略不定式符号to 三 不定式的省略形式 1 to do 1 expect wish hope mean intend like love try want plan besupposed promise后 2 beaboutto beableto begoingto haveto oughtto usedto后 3 形容词glad happy pleased kind lucky eager anxious afraid willing后 Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet buthismothertoldhim A nottoB nottodoC notdoitD donotto I llbeawayonabusinesstrip Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat Notatall A I venotimeB I drathernotC I dlikeitD I dbehappyto A D Areyouadoctor No butI 过去曾经是 Iusedtobeadoctor Hehasn tfinishedhisworkyet Well he 本应该完成的 Heoughttohavefinishedhiswork 注意 如果to后面为be have havebeen 则不能省略 usedtobe oughttohave 2 to do 1 在使役动词或感官动词后省略to make have let see lookat watch notice observe hear listento feel smellTheyknewherverywell Theyhadseenher fromchildhood A growB grewC wasgrowingD togrowHedoesn thavetobemade Healwaysworkshard A learnB tolearnC learnedD learning 被动语态中to要还原 A B 2 两个或两个以上的并列不定式 可省略第二个的to Herjobistolookafterthechildrenand to washclothes 但是若表对比关系时 两个to都不能省略 It sbettertolaughthantocry Totryandfailisbetterthannottotryatall 3 有动词do 则可以省略to WhatIwanttodois to haveagoodrest Theonlythingyoucandonowis to waithere Icoulddonothingbut wait forher Ihadnochoicebut forher 4 want like wish用在when if as等从句中 省略其后的不定式to Comeandstayaslongasyoulike wish wait towait 5 在一些类似于情态动词的短语后 V 原 hadbetter hadbest wouldratherdo thando prefertodo ratherthan mightaswellTheywouldrather go byairthan spend aweektravellingbytrain Youhadbetter notsmoke here Nowthatyou vegotachance you 不妨一试 go spend notsmoke mightaswellhaveatry 6 有些动词后常跟tobe 形容词 名词 可省略tobe consider think believe suppose find prove declare我们认为他是我们的朋友 Weconsiderhim tobe ourfriend 这个理论证明是正确的 Thistheoryproved tobe right 1 forsb todo2 ofsb todo 四 不定式的复合结构 对于我们来说学习英语很必要 Itisnecessary ustolearnEnglish for 你把真相说出来了 真诚实 Itishonest youtotellmethetruth of TolearnEnglishisnecessaryforus Youarehonesttotellmethetruth 事物的特征 人的品质 for 说明不定式短语的特征 adj 常表示客观形式 如 important possible necessary strange easy difficult of 说明逻辑主语的品质 adj 常表示主观感情或态度 如 kind nice clever wise bright foolish silly stupid brave right 五 不定式的时态与语态 todo tobedone tohavedone tohavebeendone tobedoing 1 一般式 表示动作有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生 有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后 Heseemstoknowthis Ihopetoseeyouagain IhopethatI llseeyouagain 同时 之后 2 完成时 表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前I msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble Heseemstohavecaughtacold 3 进行时 表示动作正在进行 与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生 Heseemstobeeatingsomething meant hoped expected planned wanted intended wouldlike besupposed was tohavedone had todo 表示过去未完成或没有实现的愿望Imeanttohavetoldyouaboutit butIforgottodoso Ihadmeanttotellyouaboutit Iwastohavegonetotheparty butIhadavisitoryesterday 1 allow permit forbid advise doing sb todo2 like love hate continue begin start doing todo3 stop goon mean try beafraid forget remember regret doing todo4 Iamtoblame Thehouseistolet 5 不定式的逻辑主语即是句子的主语 六 不定式的一些补充 此房出租 Inordertomakeourcitygreen wemustplantmoretrees InordertoimproveEnglish A Jenny sfatherboughtheralotoftapesB JennyboughtalotoftapesforherselfC alotoftapeswereboughtbyJennyD alotoftapeswereboughtbyJenny sfather B 只能接doing的动词有 memepaskcarfeid 妹妹不吃咖啡的 mind enjoy miss escape practise admit avoid suggest stand keep consider appreciate risk finish forgive excuse imagine delay dislike deny 对比1 含有介词to的动词短语 doing 有 lookforwardto devote to giveone slifeto getu