高中英语阅读理解推理判断型做题技巧课件牛津版必修.ppt

阅读理解推理判断型做题技巧 阅读理解推理判断型做题技巧 推理判断题占整个阅读理解的40 左右 要求我们从已知的事件中去推测未知事件 对原文没有提及的情况进行推理想象 从而得出文章的结论 作者的观点倾向 文章的论调和写作思想等 注意事项 1 吃透文章的字面意思 从字里行间捕捉有用的提示 2 注意作者遣词造句的特点 弄清词的含蓄含义 3 时刻提醒自己作者想让我们推断什么 要忠于原文 不可臆断 凭空想象 4 利用文章中明确表示的内容 进行推理 挖掘作者在文章中的隐含意义 题目设计形式一般有 1 Wecaninfer deduce assumefromthispassage paragraph 2 Thestorysuggests impliesthat 3 Thewriterofthispassageintendsto 4 Thewriter spurposeofwritingthepassageisto 5 Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma 6 Thewriterofthepassageconsidersit 7 Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthecharacterof 8 Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows 9 Thewriter sattitudetoward is 推理判断试题常用词汇 Infer imply suggest conclude indicate appear 此类试题的提问中可能会出现情态动词 can could would might或副词probably mostlikely 典例 陕西卷 Inmanycountriesthestandardoflivingenjoyedbytheirpeoplehadincreasedrapidlyinrecentyears Sadly noteveryoneinthesecountriesissofortunateandmanypeopleinrichcountriesarehomeless Thereasonsforhomelessnessarevarious butpoverty 贫穷 isundoubtedlyoneofthemaincauses Thehomelesspeoplemayhavebecomejoblessandthenbeenunabletopaytheirrentandsonolongerhavearoofovertheirheads Often thefactthatunemployedpeoplegethelpfromthegovernmentpreventsthisfromhappening butnotalways 探析1 细节推断题要求根据语篇关系抓住关键信息词 推断具体细节 如时间 地点 人物关系 人物身份 具体信息等 Somecynics 愤世嫉俗的人 declarethathomelesspeoplechoosetolivethelifewhichtheylead Butwhowouldwillinglychoosetoliveinashopdoorway underabridgeorinacardboardbox Q Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat A youwillnotfindhomelesspeopleincountrieswithahighstandardoflivingB thementalillliveonthestreetbecausetheywantthecompanyofotherhomelesspeopleC theunemployedwhoreceivehelpmaystillbeamongthehomelessD thehomelessarewillingtoliveunderabridgeorinacardboardbox C 细节推断题类型2 TrueorFalse类型典例 Beforethewidespreaduseofcomputers managerscouldnotmakefulluseoflargeamountsofvaluableinformationaboutacompany sactivities Today managersarefacingawiderangeofdataprocessingandinformationinstruments Theinformationprovidedbythesesystemshelpsmanagerscomparestandardswithactualresults findoutproblems andtakecorrectiveactionbeforeitistoolatetomakechanges Oneresearchfoundthatbusinessfirmsweremoresuccessfulinteachingbasicinformationaboutcomputerstobusinessgraduatesthantheywereinteachingbusinesssubjectstocomputersciencegraduates Q AlloffollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat A computerisagreathelpforbusinessmanagementB Withthehelpofcomputers companymanagersarenowmoreinformedofwhat sgoingonintheircompanies C computerizedinformationenablesmanagerstotaketimelymeasurestopreventpossiblemistakesD computersciencegraduatesarequicktolearnbusinesssubjectsbecauseoftheirprofessionalknowledgeaboutcomputers D 探析2 态度观点判断题主要考察作者的态度 观点 此问题有一定难度 推断过程中须注意文章作者的措辞 常见的问及态度的词语有 A positive 肯定的 negative 否定的 neutral 中立的 app roval disapproval indifferent sarcastic 讽刺的 critical 批评的 optimistic 乐观的 pessimistic 悲观的 objec tive 客观的 subjective doubtful 典例2 Whyisn tyounewspaperreportinganygoodnews AllIReadaboutismurder bribery 行贿 anddeath Frankly I msickofallthebadnews Q Thisauthorsattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto A complainB apologizeC amuseD inform 探析3 写作意图题有些文章写作目的比较明确 如议论文 说明文 此类题应关注主题句 有些让读者去体会 这种情况多出现在记叙文或夹叙夹议文章中 此类文章通常先叙述 然后发表自己的看法 因此议论部分蕴含的作者的写作意图 典例3 2007年全国卷 B篇 Ifallthestudentsinaclasstriedoutforbasketball somewouldbeverygoodplayers otherswouldbeverypoor andmanywouldbeinbetween Buteventheverypoorplayerscanbecomemuchbetterplayersiftheyareguidedintherightway andwithplentyofpractice Itisthesamewithreading Q Withtheexampleofbasketballplayers theauthorshows A whycertainpeoplearepoorreaders B thattherearedifferencesinpeople sabilitiesC whysomepeoplearegoodbasketballplayersD Thatgoodbasketballplayerscanbegoodreaders B 典例4 2007年全国卷 E篇 Todayabout70countriesuseDaylightSavingTime DST DaylightSavingwasfirstintroducedduringWorldWarIinAustralia Duringtheworldwars DSTwasusedforthelatesummersbeginningJanuary1917and1942 andthefullsummersbeginningSeptember1942and1943 ThedifferencesindaylightsavinginAustraliacontinuetocauseseriousproblemsintransportandmanyothersocialactivities Italsoreducesthenumberofhoursintheworkingdaythatarecommontoallcentersinthecountry Inparticular timedifferencesalongtheeastcoastcausemajordifficulties especiallyforthebroadcastersofnationalradioandtelevision 探析4 深层推理题做此类题不能仅仅透彻的理解一句话 而且要注意它与整篇的联系 以及上下文之间的关系 Q WhatdoweknowabouttheuseofDSTfromthelastparagraph A Thereexistsomeundesirableeffects B Ithelpslittletosaveenergy C Itbringsaboutlongerworkingdays D RadioandTVprogramsbecomedifferent A Thereexistsomeundesirableeffects 典例5 SeveraldifferentbisonspecieshavelivedontheNorthAmericancontinentsincetheIceAge todayonlytwoexist Thewoodbisonisthelargerofthetwo andisnowfoundmostlyinwesternCanada BetterknownintheUnitedStatesisthePlainsbison orbuffalo Atonetime herdsoftheseanimalscouldbesightedalmosteverywherefromtheAppalachianMountainsintheEasttotheRockyMountainsintheWest Q Theauthorimpliesthatseveraltypesofbison A liveoutsidetheUnitedStatesandCanada B arewelladaptedtoswampyterrainC existedbeforetheIceAgeD havebeenkilledorhavediedout 探析5 逻辑结论题严格根据文中陈述的事实 论点和论据材料进行推理 从而得出合乎逻辑的结论 此类题多出现在说明文和议论文中 D 探析6 文章的题材或出处此类题目主要针对文体内容较为复杂的文章 做题时注意文章的整体特点或主体内容 典例6 2007重庆卷BOurexcellentactivitiescreatepersonalizedmemoriesofyourchild svacation EachchildwillreceiveacampT shirtandaphotoalbum usually300 500pictures oftheirstayatcamp OurcampareofferedduringJune JulyandAugust2007 forsmallgroupsofgirlsaged13 16years notonlyfromCanadabutalsootherpartsoftheworld Q Thepassageiswrittenmainlyfor A HorseridersB teenagegirlsC CanadianparentsD internationaltravelers C 探析7 预测推断题要求根据语境对可能出现的结局或下段可能涉及的内容进行预