高三英语阅读理解猜词技巧最新版本.ppt

高考英语阅读解题方法指导 一 猜词技巧 设问特点 1 从原文中找单词 短语或句子设问 2 所问词或句与该词该句常见意思不同 无法望文生义 只有在具体的上下文中才可判断准确 3 所考单词有的是生词 有的是旧词新意 4 正确选项的特征是放在原文不仅单句合理 全文也合理 5 错误选项或是字面意思 或是故意胡说 猜测词义题目类型 1 对考纲外生词的猜测 Theunderlinedword cultivated paragraph1 roughlymeans 2 对考纲内熟词新义的猜测 Theunderlinedword hit paragraph1 roughlymeans 4 对句义的猜测 WhenIgotbackoutintothestreet theworldseemedbrand newtome Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegend 3 对代词的猜测 Theunderlinedpart it inPara 4 refersto 词义理解题常见的题型有 1 Theword refersto probablymeans couldbestbereplacedby 2 Whatdoyouthinktheexpression standsfor 3 Theunderlinedsentence means Howdoyoudealwiththeunfamiliarwordsorphraseswhilereading Ignorethemandcontinuereading Lookthemupinthedictionary Guessthemeaning 1 Hewould thegoldfromhisgrandma 2 Unlikehisbrother Hobartisquite Howtoguessthemissingwords Harveyisathief hewould thegoldfromhisgrandmaandnotfeelguilty steal Unlikehisbrother whoistrulyahandsomeperson Hobartisquite ordinary looking plain homely Skillsforguessingunknownwords 1 Thelionhasits territory whichisanareathatananimal usuallythemale claims 声称 asitsown territory means anarea that own 动物地盘 2 Heisaresoluteman Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething hewon tgiveituphalfway Theunderlinedwordmeans A strongB determinedC kindD clever 定语从句或其后的句子其实是一种定义或解释 技巧归纳1 Use 利用 definitionorexplanation定义或解释猜测词义 mean referto becalled beknownas canbedefinedas inotherwords thatis thatistosay namely becalled beidentifiedas toputitdifferently括号 引号 破折号 定语从句 etc Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots 嫩芽 oryoungleavesoftrees Theword pruning means A RegularcuttingoftheplantsB FrequentwateringC RegularuseofchemicalsD Growingtheplantshighinthemountain技巧归纳2 Using 根据 commonsenseorexperience普通常识和经验 技巧归纳3 利用 from 2 Theperiodofadolescence theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood maybelongorshort A少儿期B幼儿期C青春期D成人期 同义 同位语similarity appositive 1 Infact onlyabout80ocelots anendangeredwildcat existintheU S today ocelot means anendangeredwildcat Thelargestplayer ShanghaiBashiTourismCarCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices suchasdeluxesedans minivans stationwagons coaches Santanasedansarethebigfavoriteofthetourists Theunderlinedwordsusedinthetextreferto A carsinthemakingB carrentalfirmsC carsforrentD carmakers 技巧归纳4 利用 举例fromexamples Signalwords forexample forinstance suchas like as etc 技巧归纳5 利用 From 1 Thesnowwasfalling Bigflakesdrifted 飘 withthewindlikefeathers 2 Unlikehergregarioussister Janeisashypersonwhodoesnotliketogotopartiesormakenewfriends 雪花 雪片 爱交际的 比较或对比comparisonorcontrast Signalwords as like thesameas unlike but however onthecontrary while instead ect 技巧归纳6 利用 From 1 Overworkmaycausediseases over 过分的 过量的 work overwork 工作过度 2 Therewasadissatisfiedlookinthemanager seyes dis 不 satisfied 满意的 dissatisfied 不满意的 构词法 前缀 后缀 复合 派生等 Wordformation 合成Compounding 转化Conversion 派生Derivation 构词法Wordformation prefix suffix 表否定un non in dis 表相反un de dis counter 错误失当mis mal pseudo 表向背pro anti 表程度arch super ultra over under mini semi 表时间pre fore post 表方位sub inter trans prefix decontroltransplantcounterattack 解除控制 移植 反击 suffix able 能 的 less 无 不 wards 向 ship 身份 资格 权力 性质 some 易于 的 hood 状态 性质 时期 ish 如 的 有点儿 的 proof 防 的 不能穿透的 scape 景 most 最 的 waterproofstreetscapeinnermostspeechless Heissaidtobe undersized with shortlegs anda roundstomach 08广东卷 TalesofthesupernaturalarecommoninallpartsofBritain 08广东卷 Theycaughttheemotionallandscapefromheartbreaktojoy butsharetheundeniablelongingforrecoveryandhope 2010深一模 派生Derivation 小尺寸的 较矮小的 超自然的 风景 不可否认的 Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegend hisverystrange dustyfelthat hisfunnyaccentfromwho knows where 06广东卷 合成Compounding 谁都不知是什么地方 Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay 08广东卷 Sherestedherselfagainstapostclosetothetracks 09广东卷 转化Conversion v n 发言 发表意见 n v 倚靠 1 Isheintelligentorstupid 2 MostwomeninGhana theeducatedandilliterate theurbanandrural theyoungandold worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers Theirreputationforeconomicindependence self reliance andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved Theunderlinedword illiterate inthepassagemeans A RepeatedB reiterated CuneducatedD sick clever 技巧归纳7 利用 From 同义词或反义词的关系猜词 SynonymorAntonym 1 Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior 上司 itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo Theword presumptuous isclosestinmeaningto A fullofrespectB rudeandtooconfidentC lackinginexperienceD tooshyandquiet B 技巧归纳8 利用 From 原因与结果关系猜词fromCauseandResult Signalwords because so sothathence thereforeAsaresult assince for thus Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer A workB studyC nameD interest技巧归纳9 Use 利用 workedasanengineer contextorrelatedinformation上下文的语境 利用上下文 熟词新义 生活常识 找信息词 指代关系 1 Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50 000yearsago howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife 2 Themayormadeanaddresstothecitizensatthemeetingyesterday imagine speech 福建卷 RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear 64 Thephrase moppingup intheparagraphmeans A cleaningupB takinginC wipingoutD givingout WhenIfirstbecameareporterIknewamanwhogaveupaverywellpaidrespectablejobattheDailyTelegraphtogoandeditasmallweeklynewspaper AtthetimeIwasastonishedbywhatappearedtometobehiscompletelyabnormal 反常的 mentalstate HowcouldanyoneturnhisbackonFleetStreetincentralLondonforasmalllocalarea Theunderlinedphrase turnhisbackon mostprobablymean A leaveforB returntoC giveupD relyon 2009年全国卷I Ifyourchildisunwillingtodiscusssomething don tinsisthetellyouwhat sonhismind Themoreyouinsist themorelikelythathe llclamup 69 Whatdoesthephrase clamup inParagraph2probablymean A becomeexcitedB showrespectC refusetotalkD seekhelp Asawoman Ifeelunsafehere IspendabombontaxisbecauseIwillnottakepublictransportafter10p m Iusedtouseit butnowI mafraid 04广东卷 58 Theunderlinedpart it refersto A ataxiB themoneyC abombD publictransport this that it them one等代词指代内容一般是在此词的前面 理解上下文特别是上句的意识和本句的意思是解题的关键 猜词技巧Tipsforguessingthemeaningofwords1 利用定义或解释2 利用普通常识和经验3 利用同义 同位语4 利用举例5 利用比较或对比6 利用构词法 前缀 后缀 复合 派生等 7 利用同义词或反义词8 利用原因与结果关系猜词9 利用上下文的语境 Morepractice FinishExx 1to10 thendiscusstheanswerswithyourgroup 1 Agoodteacherworksinquiteadifferentway Hisaudiencetakeanactivepartinhisplay theyaskandanswerquestions theyobeyorders andiftheydon tunderstandsomething theysayso Theword audience intheparagraphmeans A studentsB peoplewhowatchaplayC peoplewhoactonthestageD peoplewholistentosomething 常识teacher students 2 Whensomekindofpainkiller 止痛药 wasbroughtoutrecently researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective 无效的 Theunderlinedpart thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff meansthatthecolours AttractedthecustomersstronglyHadweakeffectsonthecustomersTrickedthecustomersintoshoppingCausedthecustomerstoloseinterest D 因果关系because 3 Collinsdecidedthatshemustgo althoughthehazardsofthetripweremany forexample theunbearableheat thepossibilityofgettinglost thepresenceofwildanimalsandpoisonoussnakes hazard means A pleasure B problem C danger D attraction C 举例forexample 4 Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers theystronglyblamecompetition AmongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsocietyTheunderlinedphrase themostvocal means ThosewhotrytheirbesttowinThosewhovaluecompetitionmosthighlyThosewhoareagainstcompetitionmoststronglyThosewhorelyonothersmostforsuccess C 上下文语境contextorrelatedinformation 5 Withoutexaminations employerswilllookforemployeesfromthehighlyrespectedschoolsandfromfamiliesknowntothem aformoffavoritismwillreplaceequality Theword favoritism isusedtodescribethephenomenonthat A brightchildrenalsoneedcertificatestogetsatisfyingjobsB childrenfromwell respectedschoolstendtohavegoodjobsC poorchildrenwithcertificatesarefavoredinjobmarketsD childrenattendingordinaryschoolsachievegreatsuccess 破折号 定义或同位语 6 Grown upsalsohaveasenseofobjectpermanence Thatistosay ifweputaboxinaroomandlockthedoor theboxwillstillbetherewhenwecomeback Objectpermanence meansthatwhenoutofsight anobject StillexistsB keepsitsshapeC StillstayssolidD isbeyondreach A 1 定义definitionthatistosay也就是说2 构词法permanent permanence 7 Achild sbirthdaypartydoesn thavetobeahassle instead itcanbeabasketoffun accordingtoBethAnaclerio anEvastonmotheroftwo ages4and18months Whatdoestheunderlinedword hassle probablymean A apartydesignedbyspecialistsB aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD ademandmadebyguests 比较comparison instead 相反 反而 8 WilliamShakespearesaid Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn 纱线 goodandilltogether Theunderlinedword mingled mostprobablymeans A simpleB mixedC sadD happy B definitionorexplanation定义或解释猜测词义 9 Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside butinsideitwasveryexoticwithfascinatingobjectsondisplay Ashebeganputtingthemintohisbag agodcameintotheroom ItstoppedwhenitsawBuster thenwaggeditstailmadlyandwentovertohim lickinghisoutstretchedhand Goodboy Busterwhispered Whatagreatguarddogyouare tryingtolickmetodeath Whichofthedefinitionsisclosestinmeaningtotheword exotic AMessyanduntidy B Richandexpensive C ComfortableandcalmingD Unusualandforeign 对比contrastnormal but unusual 10 Lionsareopportunists Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork Whenrestingintheshade theyarealsowatchingtheskytoseewhatisflyingby andevenintheheatofthedaytheywillsuddenlystartupandrunamileacrosstheplainstofindoutwhatisgoingon Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves Bydescribinglionsas opportunists theauthormeanstosaythatlions A arecruelanimalsB arecleveranimalsC Liketotakeadvantageof 利用 otheranimalsD Liketotakeeverychancetoeat 构词法及下文解释opportunity ist Practiceinthepassage 11 Hehadbeengettingbetterbutduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated Getworse 12 Theanimalwiththelongevityisthegiantlandtortoisewhichcanliveseveralhundredsyears 长寿 13 Theyarevertebrates thatis animalshavebackbones 文中 vertebrates 的意思是 脊椎动物 14 Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading concentrate focusherattentionon 15 Butsometimes norainfallsforalong longtime Thenthereisadryperiod ordrought Alongperiodofshortageofrainfall 16 Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco educationalorsingle sexschools co 共同的 education al男女同校教育的 17 Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity country Ex2 TheDaveyousawonTVwastherealDave saysfriendPatWilliams Hewasn tagreatactororagreatspeaker HewasjustJoeEverybody 74 HewasjustJoeEverybody inthelastparagraph means A DavewasfamousB DavewasordinaryC DavewasshowyD Davewasshy Ex3 Andifyou vegatheredyourfriendsaroundyoutorebuildahappyfamilyatmosphere 气氛 youmayfearthatsayingnowillbringbackthekindofconflictyougrewupwith ordestroytheniceatmosphereyounowenjoy Theunderlinedword conflict means dependentlifefiercefightC badmannersD painfulfeeling Ex 4 Provideincentive Tellyourchildrentheimportanceofsaving Foreverydollarheorsheagreestosaveandinvestratherthanspend youagreetoaddanotherdollartothepot saysCathyPareto expertinmoneyplanning Theunderlinedword incentive inthisparagraphmeans AHonorB praiseC excitementD encouragement HereisThePines whosecookhasdevelopedaspecialwayofmixingforeignfoodsuchascaribou wildboar andreindeerwithsurprisingsauces 2004年福建卷 Accordingtothepassage ThePinesisa A placeinwhichyoucanseemanymobilehomesB mountainwhereyoucangetagoodviewofthevalleyC townwhichhappenstobeneartheBanffNationalParkD restaurantwhereyoucanaskforsomespecialkindsoffood Ex 5 Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity A townB capitalC countryD house thecity 1 Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco educationalorsingle sexschools 2 MarryCassattgaveuphersocialpositionandallthoughtofahusbandandafamily whichinthosetimeswasunthinkableforayounglady 3 Finally renewableenergysourcesareusedeventhoughtheyareoftenexpensivetodevelop co education al男女同校教育的 un think able不可思议的 re new able可更新的 可再生的 practice Practice MarkTwainwasnottheauthor srealname itwasapseudonym 2 Butsometimes norainfallsforalong longtime Thenthereisadryperiod ordrought apenname Alongperiodofshortageofrainfall Thehousestoodattheendofaquietneatstreet Thelittledwelling however lookedneglectedandcheerless 2009年福建卷 Forananswer IcheckedwithTimFlannery authorofTheWeatherMakers HowManIsChangingtheClimateandWhatItMeansforLifeonEarth Inhisbook hehadchallengedreaderstomakedeepcutsinpersonalemissionstokeeptheworldfromreachingextremelyimportanttippingpoints suchasthemelting 融化 oftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica Tostaybelowthatpoint weneedtoreduceCO2emissionsby80percent hesaid 73 Theunderlinedwords tippingpoints mostprobablyrefertoA freezingpointsB burningpointsC meltingpointsD boilingpoints suchas 广东卷 UnlikevitaminC leadershipskillscan tbeeasilyswalloweddown Theymustbecarefullycultivated Differentfrompopularbelief mostgoodleadersaremade notborn Theylearntheirskillsintheireverydaylives Butwhichdotheydevelop Howdothey andhowcanyou getotherstofollow Theunderlinedwordroughlymeans A encouragedB comparedC examinedD developed 广东卷 EachoftheguestsmadeaparticularfussoverKelly theyoungestone admiringherdress herhairandhersmile Theysaidshewasaremarkablegirltobecarryingcoatsupstairsatherage Ithoughttomyselfthatweadultsusuallymakeabig todo overtheyoungeronebecauseshe stheonewhoseemsmoreeasilyhurt Theunderlinedexpression makeabig todo overmeans A showmuchconcernaboutB haveaspecialeffectonC listjobstobedoneforD dogoodthingsfor because 2008年四川卷 Pleasestayonpermittedpaths Otherwiseyoumaydestroydesertplants Packoutwhatyoupackin soyouleavenosignsofyourvisit Itisimportanttokeepinmindthatyouareinanationalparkwherewildlifeexists Whatdoestheunderlinedwords packoutwhatyoupackin probablymean A keepeverythingoutofcampgroundsB takeawayeverythingyoubringinC carryallthenecessaryfoodD lookafteryourpersonalbelongings 2009江西卷 NewarchaeologicaldiscoverssuggestthattradebetweenEuropeandAsiaalongtheSilkRoadprobablybeganinsomeformmanycountriesearlierthanoncethought Thefindings coupledwithawideningrangeofscientificandhistoricalresearchcouldaddafascinatingnewpagetotheepicoftheSilkRoad 72 Theword coupled inthefirstparagraphcouldbestbereplacedby A producedB contributedC doubledD combined Westudiedtheboardcritically Someofuslookedwithoneeyeandheldupcertaincolorsagainsttheblackboard rockingthesheetstotherightorleftwhileweconjuredupourdesigns Otherstwistedtheirhairaround