英国殖民历史和英伦三岛

How did English become the UK as we know today The full name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland It includes 4 parts the island of Great Britain is made up of England Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland The effects of its imperial past 1 The days of empire ended after World War But there are close relationships which exist with the 50 or more colonies of that empire and which maintain links through Commonwealth of Nations 2 It has great effects on the makeup of the British population because of the immigration in the 1950s and 1960s Racial gender class regional and economic differences in the society 1 a multi racial society most are Christians and because of immigration many are Muslims 2 gender difference male and female live different lives 3 class difference the class structure of UK society is obvious 4 difference between highland and lowland Scots north and south England England A history of invasions InvadersTimeRepresentative men or events Contribution Iberians3000BC New Stone Age Learn how to grow plants and raise animals brought language Celts700BC Bronze Age Celtic language iron working Romans43AD Hadrian s wall political system Anglo Saxons The 5th century AD King Arthur round table The forefather of the English brought their language DanesThe end of 8th century King Alfred the GreatCultural divide Normans1066William the Conqueror Battle of Hastings Robin Hood Unified England change old English into modern English Dominant position 1 The next few hundred years following the Norman invasion join the various parts of the British Isles together under English rule unite the kingdom internally and externally 2 Power transferred from the monarch to the parliament gradually 1649 Charles was executed England was ruled by parliament s leader Oliver Cromwell for 11 years In 1660 the son of Charles resorted the monarchy and was called Charles Further conflict between parliament and king led to removal of the Scottish house of Stuart and the final establishment of parliament s dominance over the throne in 1689 Glorious Revolution A cultural and economic dominance of England 1 London dominant in government finance and culture 2 England s dominance in size and population largest of 4 nations 80 of total population Legends 1 King Arthur and his Round Table giving knights equal precedence and showing knights demand for a more democratic system 2 Robin Hood hid in the forest and rebelled against Normans and robbed from the rich to give to the poor The Norman Conquest and its consequences The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best known event in English history William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government So the feudal system was completely established in England Relations with the Continent were opened and the civilization and commerce were extended Norman French culture language manners and architecture were introduced The Church was brought into closer connection with Rome and the church courts were separated from the civil courts Scotland Invasions InvadersTimeResults and influences Romans43AD Scotland was not conquered Hadrian s Wall Anglo Saxons People from northern Ireland called Scots The 6th century AD Got its name from Scots division between highland and lowland Scotland remains a cultural divide Viking raidsThe 9th century The establishment of an independent singular Scottish state Physical features of Scotland 1 the 2nd largest of the 4 nations 2 most rugged parts of UK the most confident of its own identity 3 the north the Highlands the south the Southern Uplands the middle the lowland zone with 3 4 of the population 4 capital Edinburgh east coast famous for its beauty dominated by its great castle on a high rock History between Scotland and England 1 In the Middle Ages endless contest of strength between England and Scotland 2 In 1298 William Wallace s uprising Braveheart 3 After William Wallace s death Robert of Bruce won the Battle of Bannockburn and lead Scotland to 300 years of full independence 4 In 1603 James the Sixth of Scotland became James the First of England But Scotland maintained its separate political identity 5 In1707 Scotland joined the Union 6 Two rebellions in 1715 and 1745 7 The rebel army was destroyed at the Battle of Culloden 8 In may 1999 the first election to parliament the Battle of Bannockburn The battle of Bannockburn fought on the fields south of Stirling at midsummer 1314 is the best known event in the history of Medieval Scotland It was a unique event The clash of two armies each led by a king followed a clear challenge to a battle to determine the status of Scotland As a key point in the Anglo Scottish wars of the fourteenth century the battle has been extensively discussed but Bannockburn was also a pivotal event in the history of the British Isles Wales Campaign for independence of UK resist the English 1 In1267 Llwelyn ap Gruffudd forced the English to acknowledged him as Prince of Wales by a military campaign and unified Wales as an independence nation 2 In1282 he was killed The English King Edward named his son the Prince of Wales trying to bring Wales into the Britis