名词性从句讲义

1 名词性从句讲解名词性从句讲解 1 基础知识基础知识 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句 名词性从句相当于名词 可以作 主语 宾语 表语和同位语 因此 名词性从句可分为主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语 从句 如 I believe what he said It remains to be seen whether this plan is practical enough to keep the project going 名词性从句的种类名词性从句的种类 种类种类作用作用例句例句 主语从句在复合句中作主语 相当于 名词 置谓语之前 也可用 it 作形式主语 主语从句放 后 Whether he will come or not doesn t matter It doesn t matter whether he will com or not 宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词或介 词宾语 相当于名词 He asked me which team could win the game The teacher is satisfied with what you have done 表语从句在复合句中作表语 位于系 动词后 It looks as if it is going to rain 同位语从句放在抽象名词 news idea fact advice hope 等 之后表 明其具体内容 My father gave me a promise that he would buy me a bike The fact that he lied again greatly surprised 名词性从句的基本用法名词性从句的基本用法 名词性从句就是用三种句子 陈述句 一般疑问句以及特殊疑问句 来分别充当另一个句子 的四种不同句子成分 主语 宾语 表语和同位语 理解这一本质 是解决名词性从句的关键 名词性从句连接词名词性从句连接词对应简单句对应简单句连接词的词义和成分连接词的词义和成分连接词是否可省略连接词是否可省略 连词 that陈述句that 无词义 在从句中不作成 分 宾语从句中 that 有时 可以省略 连词 whether 和 if 一般疑问句 whether 和 if 不作成分 但具 有 是否 的含义 if 只用在 宾语从句中 不能省略 因为有 是否 含义 连接代词 who whom what which whose who whom what which 在句中 作主语 宾语或表语 what which whose 还可以作定语 后接名词一起作从句中的某一 成分 连接副词 when where how why 特殊疑问句 when where how why 在从句 中分别作时间 地点 方式和 不能省略 因为它们 都保留各自的疑问含 义 既起连接作用 又在从句中充当一定 的句子成分 2 原因状语 除以上连词外 还有 wh ever 类 whoever whomever whatever 和 whichever 等 三种句子充当名词性从句时的结构变化 陈述句作成分时 需要在句首加 that 一般 疑问句作成分时 需要将疑问句变成陈述语序 然后在句首加上 whether 或 if 以保留原句的 意义 if 只用在宾语从句中 用特殊疑问句作成分时 只需将疑问句转换成陈述语序 要 学会分析疑问词的成分 如 I have no idea when they will visit our school we have got everything ready What matters most in learning English is enough practice Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and whether it is rough or smooth 一 名词性从句的连词用法一 名词性从句的连词用法 名词性从句的连接词有从属连接词 连接代词和连接副词 考点一考点一 从属连接词从属连接词 1 that 无词义 不做成分 that 引导宾语从句时可省略 但引导的并列的宾语从句时 后一个 that 不可以省略 That an earthquake happened in Sichuan shocked all the Chinese people He said that he had been working here for ten years and that he wanted to go home 2 whether if 是否 不作成分 不省略 The haven t known if whether they hand in their homework 注意 以下情况中用 whether 不用 if 主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 介词后的宾语从句中 与 or not 直接连用时 与不定式连用时 He was worried about whether he passed the English exam I don t know whether to go or not Whether it will rain tomorrow is unknown 3 because 因为 as if though 好像 可引导表语从句 不作成分 His success is because he works hard 反馈练习 用正确的词填空 1 It s no surprise our team has won the game 2 I don t care or not she comes 3 It looks it is going to rain 4 I consider it necessary he should improve his pronunciation 5 That s he didn t work hard enough so he fails again 考点二考点二 连接代词连接代词 连接代词有特殊疑问词 who whom whose what which 以及疑问词 ever 它们有词义 在句子 中作主语 表语 宾语或定语 1 who 谁 可作主语或宾语 whom 谁 可作宾语 whose 谁的 可作定语或表语 指 人 which 哪一个 可作主语 宾语或表语 I wonder who whom he will invite to his wedding Who let out the secret remains unknown 3 Whoever let out the secret will be punished 2 what 在从句可作主语 宾语或表语 what 的六种常考用法如下 的事 物 话 如 Do you remember what she said at the meeting 的样子 如 China is no longer what she was 30 years ago 的时间 如 After what seemed like two hours we arrived there 的地点 如 Last week she made a trip to what was once a battlefield 的数目 如 Our income is now double what it was ten years ago 的人物 如 He is what is known as a hacker he likes to attack website 另外 what 还可以感叹名词 多么 I told my family what a great time I had in Beijing 反馈练习 用正确的词填空 1 We are worrying about we should do next 2 It has not decided yet will host the meeting 3 did the job must be rewarded 4 I want to know bike it is 5 The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer Warm sunshine and soft sands make it is 6 matters most in learning English is enough practice 7 I read about it in some book or other does it matter it was 考点三考点三 连接副词连接副词 连接副词有特殊疑问词 where when why how 以及疑问词 ever 它们有词义 在句子中作状 语 1 where 什么地方 的地方 The school is where I once worked 2 when 什么时候 I don t know when he will return 3 why 为什么 的原因 Why he was late for school was that he missed the bus 4 how 怎样 的办法 感叹形容词或副词时 多么 This is how we overcame the difficulties We often talk about how important it is to master a language 反馈练习 用正确的词填空 1 I can t imagine he did it 2 It makes no difference we shall have the meeting tomorrow 3 You can t imagine difficult it was to solve the problem 4 Why not try your luck downtown Bob That s the best jobs are 5 The last time we had great fun was we were visiting the Water Park 6 The road is covered with snow I can t understand they insist on going by motorbike 7 Parents are taught to understand important education is to their children s future 二 名词性从句的种类二 名词性从句的种类 考点一考点一 主语从句主语从句 4 1 主语从句 谓语 其他成分 如 What he said moved me 2 It be 形容词 名词 过去分词 主语从句 如 It is clear that the ear of the elephant is like a huge fan It is said that Tom will study abroad 反馈练习 1 parents say and do has a life long effect on their children 2 It has been proved eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life 3 When asked they needed most the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved 4 After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth our astronauts desire to do is walk in space 5 is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger economy It 考点二考点二 宾语从句宾语从句 1 动词后接宾语从句 You can take whatever you want 2 动词后接宾语补足语时 用 it 作形式宾语 把宾语从句放在句末 动词 it 宾补 形容词 名词 宾语从句 I think it necessary that you should pay attention to your pronunciation 3 介词后接宾语从句 that 引导的宾语从句除在 except but in 后作宾语外 一般不跟在介词 后 in that 由于 He goes to school on foot every day except when it rains 反馈练习 单项填空 1 By improving reading skills you can read faster and understand more of you read 2 As his best friend I can make accurate guess about he will do or think 3 Having checked the doors were closed and all the lights were off the boy opened the door to his bedroom 4 He didn t make clear when and where the meeting would be held 考点三考点三 表语从句表语从句 引导主语从句的词可引导表语从句 另外 表语从句还可以用 because as if though 引导 The trouble is that we are short of money His heart disease is because he has been smoking too much 反馈练习 单项填空 1 See the flags on top of the building That was we did in the morning 2 Go and get your coat It s you left it 3 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week Is that you had a few days off 考点四考点四 同位语从句同位语从句 在复合句中用作名词同位语的从句叫同位语从句 同位语从句通常放在某些抽象名词后面 其主要作用是对前面的名词进一步解释 说明该名词的具体内容 中间加 be 可帮助理解 后跟 同位语从句的名词主要有 fact hope idea information news word 消息 problem possibility promise truth advice order 等 5 I didn t receive the news that the meeting had been put off My mother gave an order that I should clean my room 反馈练习 单项填空 1 The news our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterday s newspaper 2 Do you have any idea is actually going on in the classroom 3 I ve heard a piece of news David and Heather are going to marry 考点五考点五 名词性从句的语序和时态问题名词性从句的语序和时态问题 1 名词性从句总是用陈述句词序 而不能使用疑问句词序 尤其是当名词性从句由 疑问词 引导时 不能受疑问的影响而误用疑问句词序 疑问词或 疑问词 名词 作主语时 从句语 序无需变化 如 Can you tell me what time it is by your watch The question is how we can develop our reading skills He asked what was the matter with me 2 当主句为过去时态时 宾语从句通常用过去的某种时态与之呼应 表示客观真理除外 如 Lucy said she was watching TV this time then The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound 反馈练习 单项填空 1 Can you tell me the railway station A how I can get to B how can I get to C where I can get to D where can I get to 2 Can you make sure the gold ring A where Alice had put B where had Alice put C where Alice has put D where has Alice put 3 No one can be sure in a million years A what man will look like B what will man look like C what look will man like D man will look like what 4 These shoes look very good I wonder A how much cost they are B how much do they cost C how much they cost D how much are they cost 考点六考点六 几组辨析几组辨析 1 what 和和 that 的区别的区别 that 在从句中不做成分 只起连接作用 没有具体意义 what 在从句中充当句子成分 有意义 I know what you mean That a new teacher will come to teach us English is true 反馈练习 用正确的词填空 1 his father was dead was true 2 we can t get seems better than we have 3 When asked they needed most the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved 4 made the school proud was more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key university 6 5 you don t like him is none of my business 2 who what 等与等与 whoever whatever 等的区别等的区别 who the person who what 等表示具体的人或物 有特定的范围 有具体的意义 whoever anyone who whatever 等表示任何一个人或物 无范围可言 任何 It is considered unwise to give a child whatever he wants I don t know who took my book 反馈练习 用正确的词填空 1 It is considered unwise to give a child he wants 2 I don t know took my book 3 The book can be of help to wants to do the job 4 Tom did yesterday really hurt me 5 The poor young man is ready to accept help he can get 3 whoever whatever 等和等和 no matter who no matter what 等区别等区别 whoever whatever 等既可引导名词性从句又可引导让步状语从句 no matter who no matter what 等只能引导让步状语从句 Whatever No matter what you may think I will carry out my plan Take whatever you need and leave me alone 反馈练习 用正确的词填空 1 I said he wouldn t listen to me 2 He would believe I said 3 Eat cake you like and leave the others for comes in late 4 You can eat food free in my restaurant you like 4 that 与与 whether if 的用法区别的用法区别 1 that 不在从句中充当任何句子成分 本身无意义 引出一种肯定 明确的概念或事实 2 Whether 表示疑问 是否 可引导所有名词性从句 但不作成分 if 表示疑问 是否 只在动词后引导宾语从句 但不作成分 3 doubt 作动词时 肯定句中 用 whether if 引导 否定句中 用 that 引导 作名词时 肯 定句中 用 whether 引导 否定句中 用 that 引导 如 I doubt if whether he will come soon I don t doubt that he will help me There is some doubt whether you can be fit for the job 4 be sure 在疑问句或否定句中时 从句用 whether if 引导 be sure 在肯定句中时 用 that 引 导 如 I m sure that he will be well known as an artist soon I m not sure whether if they can pass the college entrance examination next year 反馈练习 用正确的词填空 1 I don t doubt Tom will give me a hand 2 I am sure my friend will give me a hand when I m in trouble 3 There is some doubt Mary can solve the problem alone 4 I m not sure Mary can solve the problem alone 5 Some researchers believe that there is no doubt a cure for AIDS will be found 7 6 It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey 7 What the doctors really doubt is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon 5 that why 和和 because 的用法区别的用法区别 1 主语是 reason 时 表语从句通常用 that 引导 其结构为 The reason why is that 的 原因是因为 The reason why I got wet all through was that I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella 2 why 和 because 都可以引导表语从句 That is why 那是为什么 的原因 强调结果 That is because 那是因为 强调原因 如 I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella That is the reason why I got wet all through I got wet all through That s because I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella 反馈练习 用正确的词填空 1 she could not understand was fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lesson 2 We cannot figure out quite a number of insects birds and animals are dying out 3 Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game 4 Why could he achieve such great success It was he worked hard 5 He always spends a lot of time playing computer games That is he always fails his examinations 2 知识小结知识小结 一 名词性从句的解题技巧 先译后析一 名词性从句的解题技巧 先译后析 相辅相成相辅相成 第一步 译 译出句意 做出初步判断 缺什么意思 第二步 析 分析从句的句子结构 判断从句中所缺的成分 缺什么补什么 什么都不缺常用 that 陈述句作成分时 需要在句首加 that 一般疑问句作成分时 需要将疑问句变成陈述语 序 然后在句首加上 whether 或 if 以保留原句的意义 if 只用在宾语从句中 用特殊疑问 句作成分时 只需将疑问句转换成陈述语序 要学会分析疑问词的成分 例 1 1 was most important to her was her family 解题 句意为 对她最重要的是她的家庭 主语从句中 was most important to her 需要引导 主语的连词 因此填 what 例 2 2 The old gentleman never fails to help is in need of his help A whom B who C whoever D whomever 解题 句意为 这位老人绝不会不帮助任何需要帮助的人 和人有关 is in need of his help 需要主语 因此填 whoever 反馈练习 单项填空 1 I have no idea he will come back 2 Even if you have said is true I don t believe you at all because you have lied to me many times 3 We don t want you to promise us with words we want to see you will do 4 She took it for granted they would take her advice 3 1 It has been proved eating vegetables in 8 childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life 2 wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way 3 he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader 4 team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships 5 fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect 考点二宾语从句考点二宾语从句 1 Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from their parents speak at home 2 Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please 3 We haven t settled the question of it is necessary for him to study abroad 4 Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game 考点三考点三 表语从句表语从句 1 Why not try your luck downtown Bob That s the best jobs are 2 See the flags on top of the building That was we did this morning 3 You are saying that everyone should be equal and this is I disagree 考点四考点四 同位语从句同位语从句 1 Tomorrow is Tom s birthday Have you got any idea the party is to be held 2 A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother s birthday 3 The news has spread all over the country the spaceship succeeded in returning to the earth 4 There is much chance Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race 5 Some researchers believe that there is no doubt a cure for AIDS will be found 考点五考点五 that 和和 what 区别区别 1 was most important to her she told me was her family 2 People in Chongqing are proud of they have achieved in the past ten years 3 There s a feeling in me we ll never know what a UFO is not ever 4 Choosing the right dictionary depends on you want to use it for 5 China got the first place in the 2008 Olympic Games made the whole nation very excited 考点六考点六 介词后加宾语从句介词后加宾语从句 1 The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job 2 It was a matter of would take the position 3 Sarah hopes to become a friend of shares her interests 4 Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please 题组训练题组训练 题组一 真题检测题组一 真题检测 9 A 用适当的连接词填空 1 Nowadays consumers become more and more practical and buy only they need 2 he passed the exam or not was of little importance 3 The parents were worried about their daughter because nobody was aware of she had gone 4 There is no doubt China is always trying to keep world peace and against any war 5 If you are in any doubt about you should be doing these exercise consult your doctor 6 What does he want to express he really means is that he doesn t agree with us 7 The reason why I burst into tears is I don t want to be parted from my mother 8 She has worked even harder since she got the prize Yes She is never satisfied with she has achieved 9 Doris success lies in the fact she is co operative and eager to learn from others 10 Before the sales start I make a list of my kids will need for the coming season 11 The problem is we can master modern science and technology in a short time 12 The old gentleman never fails to help is in need of his help 13 The road is covered with snow I can t understand they insist on going by motorbike 14 Do you remember our manager came Yes I do he came in his car 15 I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays That s I don t agree You should have a more active life 16 How much one enjoys himself traveling depends largely on he goes with whether his friends or relatives 17 is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing 18 He made it quite clear he wouldn t change his mind 19 As his best friend I can make accurate guesses about he will do or think 20 The poor young man is ready to accept help he can get 21 Mary is a humorous and warm hearted woman and that is she is a most popular person in her community 22 she was invited to the ball made her very happy 23 You must notice the emergency exit is when you enter the building 24 I would appreciate it you could give me some advice on learning English 25 Don t you believe me Yes I ll believe you say B 1 2014 大纲全国 24 Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain but it was probably around 1565 2 2014 福建 34 Pick yourself up Courage is doing you re afraid to do 3 2014 四川 2 Grandma pointed to the hospital and said That s I was born 4 2014 天津 14 I think impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses 5 2014 重庆 12 Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday 10 Yeah but I have no idea he did it that s one of his favorite universities 6 2014 山东 7 It is difficult for us to imagine life was like for slaves in the ancient world 7 2014 北京 30 The best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal 8 2013 北京 33 Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary 9 2013 重庆 28 struck me most is the movie was the father s deep love for his son 10 2013 湖南 28 Do not let any failures discourage you for you can never tell close you may be to victory 11 2013 安徽 21 From space the earth looks blue This is about seventy one percent of its surface is covered by water 12 2013 江西 30 one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it 13 2013 陕西 20 It remains to be seen the newly formed committee s policy can be put into practice 14 2013 四川 6 you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company 15 2012 山东 25 It doesn t matter you pay by cash or credit card in this store 15 2012 福建 35 We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star 17 2012 天津 9 It doesn t matter you turn right or left at the crossing both roads lead to the park 18 2012 陕西 20 As many as five courses are provided and you are free to choose suits you best 19 2012 浙江 4 I made a promise to myself this year my first year in high school would be different 20 2012 辽宁 34 The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for he would find about Mark Twain 21 2012 四川 17 Scientists study human brains work to make computers 22 2011 辽宁 22 Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read fast 23 2011 北京 22 Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness 24 2011 江西 26 The villagers have already known we ll do is to rebuild the bridge 25 2011 山东 33 We ve offered her the job but I don t know she ll accept it 题组二题组二 语篇练习语篇练习 用适当的名词性从句连接词完成下列短文 I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today This a