英语五大基本句型导学案

1 英语五大基本句型导学案英语五大基本句型导学案 学习目标学习目标 1 掌握五大基本句型的用法 2 培养学生运用语言能力 自学指导 句子成分 自学指导 句子成分 一 定义 一 定义 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分 主要成分 有主语和谓语 次要成分有表语 宾语 定语 状语 补足语和同位语 二 主语 二 主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体 一般位于句首句首 但在 there be 结构 疑问句 当主 语不疑问词时 和倒装句中 主语位于谓语 助动词或情态动词谓语 助动词或情态动词后面 主语可由名词 代词 数名词 代词 数 词 不定式 动名词 名词化的形容词和主语从句词 不定式 动名词 名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示 例如 During the 1990s American country music has become more and more popular We often speak English in class One third of the students in this class are girls To swim in the river is a great pleasure Smoking does harm to the health The rich should help the poor When we are going to have an English test has not been decided It is necessary to master a foreign language 三 谓语 三 谓语 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态 动词在句中作谓语谓语 一般放在主主 语语之后 谓语的构成如下 1 简单谓语 由一个动词或动词短语构成 如 He practices running every morning 2 复合谓语 1 由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成 如 You may keep the book for two weeks He has caught a bad cold 2 由系动词加表语构成 如 We are students 四 表语 四 表语 表语用以说明主语的身份 特征和状态 它一般位于系动词系动词 如 be become get look grow turn seem 等 之后 表语一般由名词 代词 形容词 分词 数词 不定式名词 代词 形容词 分词 数词 不定式 动名词 动名词 介词短语 副词及表语从句介词短语 副词及表语从句表示 例如 Our teacher of English is an American Is it yours The weather has turned cold The speech is exciting Three times seven is twenty one His job is to teach English His hobby 爱好 is playing football The machine must be out of order Time is up The class is over The truth is that he has never been abroad 五 宾语 五 宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者 一般位于及物动词和介词及物动词和介词后面 例如 They went to see an exhibition 展览 yesterday The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time How many dictionaries do you have I have five They helped the old with their housework yesterday He pretended not to see me I enjoy listening to popular music I think that he is fit for his office 宾语种类宾语种类 1 双宾语 间接宾语 直接宾语 例如 Lend me your dictionary please 2 复合宾语 宾语 宾补 例如 They elected him their monitor 六 宾语补足语 六 宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词 除有一个直接宾语以外 还要有一个宾语补语 才 能使句子的意义完整 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为 某些及物动词 如 make 等 宾语 宾补 宾补可由名词 形容词 副词 不定式 分词 介词短语和从句名词 形容词 副词 不定式 分词 介词短语和从句充当 例如 His father named him Dongming They painted their boat white Let the fresh air in You mustn t force him to lend his money to you We saw her entering the room We found everything in the lab in good order We will soon make our city what your city is now 七 定语 七 定语 修饰名词或代词名词或代词的词 短语或从句称为定语 定语可由以下等成分表示 Guilin is a beautiful city China is a developing country America is a developed country There are thirty women teachers is our school His rapid progress in English made us surprised Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom The teaching plan for next term has been worked out He is reading an article about how to learn English 八 状语 八 状语 修饰动词 形容词 副词动词 形容词 副词或整个句子 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分 叫做状 语 可由以下形式表示 Light travels most quickly He has lived in the city for ten years He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination He is in the room making a model plane Wait a minute Once you begin you must continue 2 牛刀小试 一 指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分 1 The students got on the school bus 2 He handed me the newspaper 3 I shall answer your question after class 4 What a beautiful Chinese painting 5 They went hunting together early in the morning 6 His job is to train swimmers 7 He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing 8 There is going to be an American film tonight 9 He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow 10 His wish is to become a scientist 11 He managed to finish the work in time 12 Tom came to ask me for advice 13 He found it important to master English 14 Do you have anything else to say 15 To be honest your pronunciation is not so good 16 Would you please tell me your address 17 He sat there reading a newspaper 18 It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy 19 He noticed a man enter the room 20 The apples tasted sweet 展示点拨展示点拨 英语五种基本句型列式如下 基本句型一 主 谓 基本句型二 主 系 表 基本句型三 主 谓 宾 基本句型四 IO 主 谓 间宾 直宾 基本句型五 主 谓 宾 宾补 基本句型基本句型 一一 主 谓 主 谓 此句型的句子有一个共同特点 即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思 这类动词叫做不及物动词 后面可以跟副词 介词短语 状语从句等 这些动词常见的有 take place happen break out appear disappear apologize arrive come die exist fall rise hang 可作及物动词或不及物动词 等等 2 有些动词如 wash sell burn write clean draw cook read 等等可以在后面加副词表示主语的 性质 1 Time flies 2 The moon rose 3 The man cooked 4 We all eat and drink 5 Everybody laughed 6 I woke 7 They talked for half an hour 8 He walked yesterday 9 He is playing 10 They have gone 基本句型基本句型 二二 主 系 表 主 系 表 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点 句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思 必须加上一个表 明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语 才能表达完整的意思 这类动词叫做连系动词 系动词 分两类 be look feel smell taste sound 等属一类 表示情况 get grow become turn go 等属另一类 表示变化 be 本身没有什么意义 只起连系主语和表的作用 其它系动词 仍保持其部分词义另 stay prove remain stand 3 形容词 名词 现在分词 过去分词 不定式 介词都可以放在某些连系动词后做表语 是系动词 表语 1 This isan English dictionary 2 The dinnersmells 闻 good 3 Hefellhappy 4 Everythinglooksdifferent 5 He istall and strong 6 The bookisinteresting 7 The weatherbecamewarmer 8 His faceturnedred 3 基本句型基本句型 三三 主 谓 宾 主 谓 宾 此句型句子的共同特点是 谓语动词都具有实义 都是主语产生的动作 但不能表达完整 的意思 必须跟有一个宾语 即动作的承受者 才能使意思完整 这类动词叫做及物动词 实义动词 宾语 Who knows the answers She laugh at her He understands English He made cakes They ate some apples Danny likes donuts I want to have a cup of tea He said Good morning 3 主语 谓语 宾语 这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语 同时 句子中有时含有与宾 语有关的状语 作宾语的成分常是 名词 代词 动词不定式 动名词或从句 如 1 我要一杯茶 2 他喜欢每天练习口语 3 我昨天看了一部名叫 Gone With The Wind 的电影 注意注意 只能跟不定式不定式做宾语的动词有 afford agree choose decide demand desire determine fail hope manage offer plan prepare pretend promise refuse seek wish arra nge learn etc 动词之后只能跟动名词动名词做宾语 acknowledge 承认 admit appreciate 感激 avoid consider delay deny dislike prevent enjoy escape finish imagine keep mind practice quit 放弃 risk stand suggest advise 等 动词短语有 go on give up put off feel like 等 练习 1 你能想象他通过这次考试了吗 imagine 2 你做完作业了吗 finish 3 我们必须避免再犯这样的错误 avoid 4 你介不介意我在这吸烟 mind 基本句型基本句型 四四 IO IO 主 谓 间宾 直宾 主 谓 间宾 直宾 此句型的句子有一个共同特点 谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思 这两 个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者 另一个是动作的间接承受者 通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接 当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前 时 这一介词往往被省略 4 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指 人 直接宾语常常指 物 这类词常有 pass give offer bring buy show teach ask 等 这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型 1 动词 宾语 for sb buy 2 动词 宾语 to sb give offer show 如 测试题 1 昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车做为生日礼物 2 请把你的画给我 3 他问了我一个奇怪的问题 5 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 所谓宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语内容的 通常放在宾语的后面 如 The news made me excited 这里 excited 就是 me 的宾语补足语 1 不定式作宾补 A A 不定式前带不定式前带 toto 常用的动词有 advise cause allow drive encourage expect force intend invite permit tell trust urge persuade remind teach want warn get ask forbid beg require tempt enable lead 等 以及表示 情感状态 的动词 love like prefer hate 等后面跟带 to 的不定式作补语 汉译英练习 1 他叫我跟他一起去逛街 2 村民们不允许他们做这 allow 3 老师告诉他今晚六点钟过来这里 4 他说服了弟弟上床睡觉 5 玛丽提醒我要准时参加会议 6 爸爸警告我不要吸烟 B B 不定式前不带不定式前不带 toto 4 表示 感觉 的动词 see hear watch notice observe feel 等和三个表示 致使 的动词 make have let 后面跟不带 to 的不定式作补语 小试身手 1 我听到了他在房间里唱歌 2 我让他打扫了教室 3 我注意到他走进了那家工厂 C 不定式为 to be 在一些动词后面的宾语补足语常是 to be 如 believe consider declare find imagine know prove suppose feel think understand 等等 汉译英 1 这个答案证明是错的 2 我认为他是一个好学生 2 分词作宾补 分词作宾语补足语时 如果分词与宾语构成 主谓关系 用现在分词 如果构成 动宾关系 则 用过去分词 常用分词作宾语补足语的动词有 find feel get have hear keep notice see watch make leave 等 练习 1 我让机器整个晚上在运转 have 2 我听到我的名字被人叫 hear 3 我注意到杯子碎了 notice 4 老师让学生一直在阅读课文 keep 5 我让门锁着 keep 3 形容词作宾补 常用形容词作宾补的动词有 keep leave find make feel think consider 等 1 学生要保持课室清洁 2 不要留着门开着 3 我发觉这本书很有趣 4 我觉得跟他聊天很有趣 4 名词作宾补 常用名词作宾补的动词有 find name call elect make choose 等 例如 The couple named the child Tom We choose him monitor 5 由 as 构成的短语作宾补 常用 as 构成的短语作宾补的动词有 consider as treat as regard as look on as have as take as think of as 等 6 There be 句型 此句型是由 there be 主语 状语构成 用以表达存在有 一种无主语的有 它其实是倒装 的一种情况 主语位于谓语动词 be 之后 there 仅为引导词 并无实际语 Be 与其后的主语在 人称和数量上一致 有时态和情态变化 如 现在有 there is are 过去有 there was were 将来有 there will be there is are going to be 可能有 there might be 肯定有 there must be there must have been 过去一直有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems seem seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen happens happened to be 此句型有时不用 be 动词 而用 live stand come go lie remain exist arrive 等 合作探究 合作探究 小组合作 快乐学习 判断以下句子属于哪种类型 1 I heard the girl playing the piano in the next room 2 There used to be a well in the village 3 He has lived in the cottage for over 15years 3 what he said made me angry 4 The soup tastes delicious 5 The teacher saw two boys play football on the playground 5 Mr Smith invited me to have dinner yesterday 6 The old man is telling the children a story 7 In front of our teaching building stand some trees 8 we should respect our tacher 9 The sun rises in the east 10 I had my bike repaired last week 5 当堂检测当堂检测 1 I am sorry to have kept you A wait B to wait C waiting D waited 2 She found her dog over by a car on the road A run B ran C to run D running 3 Rose is going to have her hair A do B done C did D doing 4 She felt somebody her A touched B touches C touch D to touch 5 She taught him speak English A how B how could he C how he could D how to 6 He didn t enjoy the play because he A was boring B bored C was bored D boring 7 I will make your dream A comes true B to come true C coming truly D come true 8 He warned home A us to not go B us not to go C we not go D us not go 9 Canned food does not go A bed easily B badly easy C bad easy D badly easily 10 The sad news kept her all the night A awake B waken C wake D to wake 拓展提高拓展提高 1 I think a bad habit to get up late A that B it C this D its 2 He found