2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考11 非谓语动词（讲解）素材

2019 20202019 2020 学年中考英语语法备考秘籍学年中考英语语法备考秘籍 非谓语动词非谓语动词 构成 to 动词原形 做主语 不定式 做宾语 功能 除谓语外的任何的成分 做宾语补足语 做定语 做状语 非谓语动词 构成 v ing 动名词 功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 构成 v ing v ed 规则变化 分词 功能 表语 宾语补足语 定语 状语 知知 识识 清清 单单 动动 词词 不不 定定 式式 不定式 不定式 toto 动词原形动词原形 知识梳理 提纲挈领 抓住重点和难点 知识梳理 提纲挈领 抓住重点和难点 动词不定式的基本形式是 to 动词原形 有时可以不带 to 动词不定式 或不定式短语 没有人称 和数的变化 在句子中不能作谓语 动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点 即可以有自己的宾语和状语 动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语 如 to read the newspaper to speak at the meeting 等 动词不定式具有名词 形容词和副词的特征 因此在句子中可以作主语 表语 宾语 宾语补足语 定 语和状语 句法作用 例 句 作宾语 she wanted toto borrowedborrowed mymy radio radio they began toto readread andand write write 作状语 she went toto seesee herher grandmagrandma lastlast sundaysunday he came toto givegive usus a a talktalk yesterday yesterday 作宾语补足语 lucy asked him toto turnturn offoff thethe radioradio she asked me toto speakspeak moremore loudlyloudly jim told ling feng toto gogo homehome atat onceonce the father made his son studystudy hard hard 作定语 have you got anything toto say say i had something toto eateat thisthis morningmorning 作主语 toto learnlearn a a foreignforeign languagelanguage is not easy 注 作主语用的动词不定式常常为 it 替代 动词不定式 或短语 放在后面 例如 itit is not easy toto learnlearn a a foreignforeign language language itit took us three days toto dodo thethe work work 动词不定式的否定形式由 not 动词不定式 构成 如 tell him notnot toto bebe late late the policeman told the boys notnot toto playplay inin thethe street street 4 不定式省去 to 的情况 在感官动词 see watch look at hear listen to feel 和使役动词 make have let 等所接的宾语中 不定式做宾语不足语 不定式应省去 to 但是在被动语态中不能省 如 let me listen to you sing the song he watched his son play computer games i saw him run away he was seen to run away the boss make the workers work the whole night the workers were made to work the whole night 5 动词不定式和疑问词连用 动词不定式可以和疑问词 what which how where when 等连用 构成不定式短语 如 the question is whenwhen toto start start i don t know wherewhere toto gogo he showed me howhow toto useuse a a puter whatwhat toto dodo is a big problem 例题解析 举一反三 学的更轻松 例题解析 举一反三 学的更轻松 翻译下列句子 说出句中不定式的作用 1 to grow plants is very important 2 it is so nice to hear your voice 3 my dream is to be a pilot 4 he began to read and write at the age of five 5 the teacher asked me to speak more loudly 6 tom came to see me last night 7 i am glad to see you 8 have you got anything to say 9 there are many places to see in china 10 i asked him not to open the window 11 i don t know what to buy for you 12 i saw him dance 13 he often helps me clean the room 14 they are too shy to speak english 15 he was lucky enough to find his watch 16 i want you to go there together with me 解析 1 to grow plants 做主语 2 to hear your voice 做主语 3 to be a pilot 作表语 4 to read and write 作宾语 5 to speak more loudly 作宾语补足语 6 to see me 作状语 7 to see you 作状语 8 to say 作定语 9 to see 作定语 10 not to open the window 作宾语补足语 11 what to buy 作宾语 12 dance 作宾语补足语 省略 to 13 clean the room 作宾语补足语 省略 to 14 to speak english 作状语 15 to find his watch 作状语 16 to go there together with me 作宾语补足语 二 动名词二 动名词 1 1 动名词的构成动名词的构成 动名词的基本形式为 v ing 2 2 常跟动名词的词常跟动名词的词 英语中有一些动词 短语 后面常跟动名词作宾语 收 我们初中阶段常见的有 finish enjoy mind miss be worth be busy practice have fun have trouble difficulty in feel like be used to 习惯于 give up keep on consider suggest can t help 我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆一些词或短语 完成练习值得忙 finish practice be worth be busy 继续习惯别放弃 keep on be used to give up 考虑建议不禁想 consider suggest can t help feel like 喜欢思念要介意 enjoy miss mind 3 3 注意含有介词注意含有介词 toto 的固定短语的固定短语 在初中阶段的英语学习中 学生常常会遇到含有介 词的短语 下列动词短语中的 to 为介词 其后需要接名词 代词或动名词 make a contribution s to 为 做贡献 devote oneself to 献身 致力于 如 he has devoted himself to helping disabled people 他一生致力于帮助残疾人 look forward to 期盼 盼望 如 we are so much looking forward to seeing you again 我们非常盼望再见到你 prefer to 比起 更喜欢 如 i prefer walking to cycling 我愿意步行 而不愿意骑自行车 be used to 习惯 适应 如 she is quite used to working hard 她很习惯努力工作 4 4 两组固定搭配两组固定搭配 prefer to do sth rather than do sth prefer doing sth to doing sth 宁愿做某件事而不愿做 另一件事 如 i prefer to learn english rather than play the piano on sundays i prefer learning english to playing the piano on sundays 在周日 我宁愿学习英语 也不愿去弹钢琴 need require want 后跟不定式和动名词的区别 当 need require want 作 需要 解时 后加动名词等 于后加不定式的被动式 如 the window needs cleaning the window needs to be cleaned 那扇窗户需要清洗 三 分词三 分词 1 1 分词的构成分词的构成 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种 现在分词的本形式为 动词原形 ing 过去分词的基本形式是 动 词原形 ed 但也有不规则的形式 2 2 现在分词作宾补和不定式作宾补的区别现在分词作宾补和不定式作宾补的区别 我们常见的动词如 see watch notice hear 等 接不带 to 的不定式作宾补 表示已经完成了的或经常性 的动作接现在分词作宾补 表示动作正在进行 如 i heard him singing in the classroom 我听到他正在教室里唱歌 唱 这个动作正在进行 i heard him sing in the classroom 我听到他在教室里唱歌了 唱 这个动作已经结 i saw him going up the stairs 我看见他正在上楼 上楼 这个动作正在进行 i saw him go up the stairs 我看见他上楼了 上楼 这个动作已经完成 3 3 现在分词和过去分词的区别现在分词和过去分词的区别 1 在语态上 现在分词表示主动意义 过去分词表示被动意义 如 the exploiting class 剥削阶级 the exploited class 被剥削阶级 2 在时间上 现在分词表示正在进行的动作 过去分词表示已经完成的动作 如 the developing country 发展中国家 the developed country 发达国家 the rising sun 正在升起的太阳 the risen sun 升起来的太阳 4 have4 have sb dosb do sth havesth have sb sth doingsb sth doing sth sth 和和 havehave sth donesth done 的区别的区别 1 have sb do sth 意为 让某人做某事 have 可以用 let make 代替 不定式往往表示一次性的具体动 作 且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生 如 the soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father 士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着 2 h