定语从句 (2)

在句子中用作定语的从句称为定语从句 定语从句通常位于它所修饰的名词或 代词之后 这种名词或代词称为先行词 引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和 关系副词 关系代词在定语从句中可以用作主语 宾语 表语 介词宾语和定 语等等 关系副词在定语从句中只用作状语 I 由关系代词 who whom whose which that 引导的定语从句 i who 代替人 在从句中作主语 e g A man who doesn t try to learn from others can not hope to achieve much 一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有多大成就的 ii whom 代替人 在从句中作宾语 通常可以省略 e g The engineer whom w e met yesterday have worked out a new automat ic device 我们昨天碰到的工程师研制出了一种新型的自动化装置 iii whose 代替人或物 在从句中作定语 e g Madam Curie is a great scientist whose name is known all over the world 居里夫人是一位世界闻名的伟大科学家 They live in the house whose doo r and windows are all broken 他们住在一间门窗都已破败不堪的房子里 iv which 代替物 在从句中作主语 宾语或介词宾语 作宾语时 通常可以 省略 e g A direct current is a current which flows in one direction only 直流电是沿着一个方向流动的电流 The music to which we listened last night was written by my father 我们昨晚欣赏的音乐是由我父亲写的 v that 代替人或物 在从句中作主语或宾语 但不能作介词宾语 作宾语是 通常可以省略 e g He is the only one among us that knows English 他是我们中间唯一懂英语的人 The car that almost crashed into me belonged to Brown 差点撞到上我的那辆车是布朗先生的 She talked about the professors and colleges that she had visited 指人和物 她谈到了她所访问过的教授和大学 关系代词 that 和 which 的区别如下 1 先行词为 all anything something nothing everything little much 等不定代词时 只能用 that e g Matter is anything that has weight and takes up space 任何具有重量并占有空间的东西都是物质 2 先行词前有最高级形容词以及 first last every some any very next only 等修饰词时 只能用 that e g The first thing that they should do is to work out their plan 他们首先需要做的就是制定计划 3 W h ich 引导的定语从句前可以使用逗号 表示这是非限定性定语从句 that 从句则不能 e g His speech which bored everyone went on and on 他的演讲不断持续着 令每一个人都心烦 I never met Judy again which was apity 我再也没有见到朱迪 十分遗憾 II 由关系副词 w hen w here w hy 所引导的定语从句 i w hen 作状语 其先行词多为表示时间概念的名词 e g We can never forget the day when HongKong returned to our homeland 我们永远也不会忘记香港回归祖国的那一天 ii w here 作状语 其先行词多为表示地点概念的名词 e g The building w here you used to live has been pulled down 你过去住的楼房已经被拆除了 iii w hy 作状语 其先行词多为表示原因概念的名词 e g We know the reason why he was very angry 我们知道他为什么那么生气 III 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 i 限制性定语从句 通常限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切 因此不能缺少 否则会影响全句的意 义 从句前不用逗号 e g You can not answer the question which he put forward 你无法回答他提出的问题 ii 非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句与先行词只是一种松散的修饰关系 一般只是补充其意思 即使省略了也不会影响主句意义的完整性 从句前常用逗号分开 从句中的关系 代词不能省略 e g Helen w asmuch k inder to her youngest ch ild than she was to others which of course made o thers jealous 海伦对最小的孩子比对别的孩子体贴的多 这当然使得别的孩子妒忌 这些就是英语中关于定语从句的一些基本用法 有些更为复杂的定语从句句型 同样可以是由这些基本的规则构成的 在掌握定语从句的基本用法的基础上 以后碰到了难以快速判断的定语从句时 我们也就应该做到心中有数 游刃有 余了 Time stays no t the fool s leisure 时间不等闲逛的傻瓜 不要再坐着 等待梦的实现 There is no t ime like the present 现在正是时候 让 我们从一点一滴学起 为我们的未来铺平道路 初中英语定语从句练习题 一 初中英语定语从句练习题 一 一 选择填空 1 Don t talk about such things of you are not sure A which B what C as D those 2 Is this the factory you visited the other day A that B where C in which D the one 3 Is this factory some foreign friends visited last Friday A that B where C which D the one 4 Is this the factory he worked ten years ago A that B where C which D the one 5 The wolves hid themselves in the places couldn t be found A that B where C in which D in that 6 The freezing point is the temperature water changes into ice A at which B on that C in which D of what 7 This book will show you can be used in other contexts A how you have observed B what you have observed C that you have observed D how that you have observed 8 The reason is he is unable to operate the machine A because B why C that D whether 9 I ll tell you he told me last week A all which B that C all that D which 10 That tree branches are almost bare is very old A whose B of which C in which D on which 11 I have bought the same dress she is wearing A as B that C which D what 12 He failed in the examination made his father very angry A which B it C that D what 13 We re talking about the piano and the pianist were in the concert we attended last night A which B whom C who D that 14 The girl an English song in the next room is Tom s sister A who is singing B is singing C sang D was singing 15 Those not only from books but also through practice will succeed A learn B who C that learns D who learn 16 Anyone this opinion may speak out A that against B that against C who is against D who are against 17 Didn t you see the man A I nodded just now B whom I nodded just now C I nodded to him just now D I nodded to just now 18 Can you lend me the novel the other day A that you talked B you talked about it C which you talked with D you talked about 19 Is there anything to you A that is belonged B that belongs C that belong D which belongs 20 How do you like the book It s quite different from I read last month A that B which C the one D the one what 21 Mr Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except who had lready taken them A the ones B ones C some D the others 22 The train she was travelling was late A which B where C on which D in that 23 He has lost the key to the drawer the papers are kept A where B in which C under which D which 24 Antarctic we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round A which B where C that D about which 25 It s the third time late this month A that you arrived B when you arrived C that you ve arrived D when you ve arrived 26 It was in 1969 the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon A that B which C when D in which 27 May the fourth is the day we Chinese people will never forget A which B when C on which D about which 28 We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou live my grandparents and some relatives A which B that C who D where 29 The hotel during our holidays stands by the seaside A we stayed at B where we stayed at C we stayed D in that we stayed 30 Is it in that factory Red Flag cars are produced A in which B where C which D that 31 It is the Suez Canal separates Asia Africa A which to B where from C that from D that with 32 Under the bridge however almost directly below was a small canoe with a boy in it A there B where C it D which 33 He is not a fool A such as he is looked B such as he looks C as as he is looked D so as he looks 34 Is that the reason you are in favour of the proposal A which B what C why D for that 35 He must be from Africa can be seen from his skin A that B as C who D what 36 He has two sons work as chemists A two of whom B both of whom C both of which D all of whom 37 I your good friend will try my best to help you out A who is B who am C that is D what is 38 He is a man of great experience much can be learned A who B that C from which D from whom 39 Do you know the town at all No this is the first time I here A was B have been C came D am coming 40 I don t like you speak to her A the way B the way in that C the way which D the way of which 41 The two things they felt very proud are Jim s gold watch and Della s hair A about which B of which C in which D for which 42 The dinner was the most expensive meal we A would have B have had C had never had D had ever had 43 Do you know which hotel A she is staying B she is staying in C is she staying D is she stayin