2019-2020学年高中英语 阅读强化训练（十三） 牛津译林版选修8

1 阅读强化训练阅读强化训练 十三十三 建议用时 15 分钟 阅读理解 the vast majority of us spend our entire lives pulled down by gravity then there are astronauts this small population of space travelers has given researchers a rare look at what happens to the human body when it s able to spend large amounts of time outside the downward pull of the earth this week a study on one of the largest groups of astronauts yet 34 participants was published in the new england journal of medicine in the new study a team of international radiologists 放射科医生 supported by nasa looked at mris of the brains of astronauts before and after their trips to space the scientists found that upon returning to earth many of the astronauts brains had become repositioned inside their skulls floating higher than before in addition the space between certain brain areas appeared to have shrunk 缩小 the changes were more common in astronauts who took longer trips into space the team characterized astronaut trips as short an average of less than 14 days or long an average of about 165 days radiologists who didn t know each astronaut s duration 持续时间 in space compared mris from before and after their trips of the 34 total astronauts involved in the study 18 took long trips to space spending most of that time on the international space station and of those 17 returned to earth with smaller areas between the frontal lobe 脑前额 叶 and parietal lobe 顶叶 the same area of the brain also shrank for three of the 16 astronauts who took shorter trips with the us space shuttle program the researchers also found that 12 of the iss astronauts and six of the space shuttle astronauts returned home with their brains sitting slightly higher in their skulls than before it s not clear what if anything these brain changes mean for the health of space travelers in general it appears the human body tolerates space travel fairly well the time astronauts have spent in zero gravity environments so far doesn t seem to have had any strong or long lasting effects 2 解题导语 本文是一篇说明文 放射科医生研究发现 宇航员从太空返回地球后 他们的大脑在颅内的位置比去太空旅行前高 1 what is the finding of the study a astronauts have great brain power b astronauts duration in space is updated c astronauts skulls expand after space trips d astronauts return to earth with raised brains d d 解析 细节理解题 由第三段中的 the scientists found that upon returning to earth many of the astronauts brains had become repositioned inside their skulls floating higher than before 可知 科学家发现 宇航员在返回地球后 他们 的大脑在头颅内的位置改变了 悬浮在比以前更高的位置 2 how did the scientists draw the conclusion a by analyzing astronauts symptoms b by comparing each astronaut s mris c by monitoring astronauts brain activities d by observing countless astronauts behaviors b b 解析 细节理解题 由第四段中的 radiologists who didn t know each astronaut s duration 持续时间 in space compared mris from before and after their trips 可知 放射科医生通过比较每位宇航员太空旅行前后的脑部核磁共振成像 得出研究结论 3 what does the author say about the changes inside astronauts skulls a they are totally harmless b their effects are hard to assess c their occurrence is unavoidable d they will heavily influence astronauts b b 解析 推理判断题 由最后一段中的 it s not clear what if anything these brain changes mean for the health of space travelers 可知 宇航 员在经历太空旅行后大脑的这种变化是否意味着对他们的健康有影响 这一问题目前还没 有明确的解释 4 what is the best title for the text a effects of zero gravity b valuable experiences of space travel c space travel changes astronauts brains d flying long hours increases health risks 3 c c 解析 标题归纳题 通读全文可知 本文主要讲述了放射科医生经过研究发现 宇 航员从太空返回地球后 他们的大脑在头颅内的位置改变了 悬浮在比以前更高的位置 c 项作标题最能概括文章主旨 七选五 medicinemedicine medicine is the science of keeping people healthy and healing the sick humans have practiced forms of medicine for thousands of years today specially trained people called doctors practice medicine there are many parts to a doctor s job doctors first need to identify what is making a person sick then they decide on a treatment they also predict when the patient will feel better 1 when treating patients doctors work with many other people including nurses and physician assistants becoming a doctor involves years of education and training medical students first graduate from college 2 students usually earn a doctor of medicine degree in medical school after medical school most graduates enter a residency 住院医师实习期 which is a training program usually in a hospital 3 during this time new doctors can specialize in a particular type of medicine in such areas as internal medicine 内科学 or surgery 外科 finally new doctors must pass a test to get a license to practice medicine in the 1900s scientists developed vaccines 疫苗 to prevent many diseases and drugs to treat many others doctors transplanted organs from one person into another they used many machines to help them to identify and treat diseases 4 today doctors have many ways to help patients heal 5 for example scientists are still searching for cures for cancer aids and many other diseases a they can be used to prevent diseases b in addition doctors try to prevent illnesses c doctors thought diseases were caused by the gods d then they spend three to four years in medical school e but there are still many unanswered questions in medicine f they also learned how good nutrition helped people to stay healthy g during a residency experienced doctors train the new doctors for three to seven years 4 解题导语 本文是一篇说明文 文章主要介绍了医生的工作和医学的发展 1 b b 解析 由该段的主题句 there are many parts to a doctor s job 以及本段 的描述可知 b 项 此外 医生还要努力防止疾病的发生 符合此处语境 2 d d 解析 由该空前的 first 以及该空后的 earn a doctor of medicine degree in medical school 可知 之后医学生要在医学院度过三到四年的时间