审计学一种整合方法-第12版-英文版Chapter11ppt课件.ppt

FraudAuditing Chapter11 LearningObjective1 Definefraudanddistinguishbetweenfraudulentfinancialreportingandmisappropriationofassets TypesofFraud Fraudulentfinancialreporting Misappropriationofassets LearningObjective2 Describethefraudtriangleandidentifyconditionsforfraud TheFraudTriangle Incentives Pressures Opportunities Attitudes Rationalization ExamplesofRiskFactorsforFraudulentReporting Financialstabilityorprofitabilityisthreatenedbyeconomic industry orentityoperatingconditions Excessivepressureexistsformanagementtomeetdebtrequirements Personalnetworthismateriallythreatened Incentives Pressures ExamplesofRiskFactorsforFraudulentReporting Therearesignificantaccountingestimatesthataredifficulttoverify Thereisineffectiveoversightoverfinancialreporting Highturnoverorineffectiveaccountinginternalaudit orinformationtechnologystaffexists Opportunities ExamplesofRiskFactorsforFraudulentReporting Inappropriateorinefficientcommunicationandsupportoftheentity svaluesisevident Ahistoryofviolationsoflawsisknown Managementhasapracticeofmakingoverlyaggressiveorunrealisticforecasts Attitudes Rationalization ExamplesofRiskFactorsforMisappropriationofAssets Personalfinancialobligationscreatepressuretomisappropriateassets Adverserelationshipsbetweenmanagementandemployeesmotivateemployeestomisappropriateassets Incentives Pressures ExamplesofRiskFactorsforMisappropriationofAssets Thereisapresenceoflargeamountsofcashonhandorinventoryitems Thereisaninadequateinternalcontroloverassets Opportunities ExamplesofRiskFactorsforMisappropriationofAssets Disregardfortheneedtomonitororreduceriskofmisappropriatingassetsexists Thereisadisregardforinternalcontrols Attitudes Rationalization LearningObjective3 Understandtheauditor sresponsibilityforassessingtheriskoffraudanddetectingmaterialmisstatementsduetofraud AssessingtheRiskofFraud SAS99providesguidancetoauditorsinassessingtheriskoffraud SAS1statesthat inexercisingprofessionalskepticism anauditor neitherassumesthatmanagementisdishonestnorassumesunquestionedhonesty SourcesofInformationGatheredtoAssessFraudRisks Communicationamongauditteam Inquiriesofmanagement Riskfactors Analyticalprocedures Otherinformation Identifiedrisksofmaterialmisstatementsduetofraud DocumentingFraudAssessment Discussion Specificrisks Procedures Reasons Results Otherconditions Natureofcommunications LearningObjective4 Identifycorporategovernanceandothercontrolenvironmentfactorsthatreducefraudrisks CorporateGovernanceOversighttoReduceFraudRisks 1 Cultureofhonestyandhighethics 2 Management sresponsibilitytoevaluaterisksoffraud 3 Auditcommitteeoversight ExampleElementsforaCodeofConduct Organizationalcodeofconduct Generalemployeeconduct Conflictsofinterest Outsideactivities employment anddirectorships ExampleElementsforaCodeofConduct Relationshipswithclientsandsuppliers Gifts entertainment andfavors Kickbacksandsecretcommissions Organizationfundsandotherassets ExampleElementsforaCodeofConduct Organizationrecordsandcommunications Dealingwithoutsidepeopleandorganizations Promptcommunications Privacyandconfidentiality OrganizationalFactorsContributingtoRiskofFraud 2003 1998 1994 Collusionbetweenemployeesandthirdparties Inadequateinternalcontrols Managementoverrideofinternalcontrols 48 31 33 39 58 59 31 36 36 OrganizationalFactorsContributingtoRiskofFraud Collusionbetweenemployeesandmanagement Lackofcontrolovermanagementbydirectors Ineffectiveornonexistentethicsorcomplianceprogram 15 19 23 12 11 6 10 8 7 2003 1998 1994 LearningObjective5 Developresponsestoidentifiedfraudrisks RespondingtotheRiskofFraud Changetheoverallconductoftheaudittorespondtoidentifiedfraudrisks Designandperformauditprocedurestoaddressidentifiedrisks Designandperformprocedurestoaddresstheriskofmanagementoverrideofcontrols LearningObjective6 Recognizespecificfraudriskareasanddevelopprocedurestodetectfraud RatesofFraudOccurrence 2003 1998 Theftofassets 49 22 Checkfraud 40 26 Expenseaccountabuse 36 13 Creditcardfraud 20 13 Payrollfraud 12 3 RatesofFraudOccurrence 2003 1998 Conflictofinterest 12 9 Inventorytheft 11 11 Kickbacks 9 6 Financialreportingfraud 7 3 SpecificFraudRiskAreas Inventoryfraudrisks Revenueandaccountsreceivablefraudrisks Purchasesandaccountspayablefraudrisks Otherareasoffraudrisk LearningObjective7 Understandinterviewtechniquesandotheractivitiesafterfraudissuspected MethodsofUncoveringFraud InternalcontrolsInternalauditNotificationbyemployeeAccidentAnonymoustipNotificationbycustomerNotificationbyregulatoryorlawenforcementagencyNotificationbyvendorExternalaudit 776563544134191612 51435837354116114 5247512826348155 Percentages 2003 1998 1994 RespondingtoMisstatementsThatMayBetheResultofFraud Whenfraudissuspected theauditorgathersaddition