LearningaboutLanguage

The Present Perfect Passive Voice 现在完成时的被动语态 By Ms Du 一 构成 现在完成时被动语态的结构就是 现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合 主动语态 被动语态 现在完成时 have has done have has been done 试比较以下几组句子的谓语结构 1 主动句 He has repaired the machine for two hours 他修理这台机器已有两小时了 被动句 这台机器已修了两小时了 2 主动句 The teacher has borrowed the books 老师把那些书借走了 被动句 那些书被老师借走了 二 现在完成时被动语态的概念 现在完成时被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作对现在造成的影响 它有两层意思 1 动作 强调对现在造成的影响或结果 2 主语与谓语动词之间为 如 Our classroom has been cleaned you needn t clean it now 析 该句强调教室已被打扫 对现在造成的影响是教室是干净的 强调这个影响 你就没必要再打扫了 三 现在完成时被动语态的主要用法 1 主语是行为动作的 如 The Temple of Zhang Fei has been rebuilt 张飞庙已经过重建 2 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果 强调对现在 The door has been locked 门已经被锁上了 结果是现在没人能够进去 3 动作或状态始于过去 持续到现在 并可能持续下去 常与 引导的时间状语连用 或用于 句型中 如 He has been told about it for many times 有人告诉他这事很多次了 可能还会有人告诉他 4 用在 中 表示将来某时已完成的动作 如 We ll start as soon as the work has been finished 工作一完成我们就立即动身 四 使用现在完成时被动语态注意事项 1 副词的位置 often usually always never hardly seldom等副词置于 和 中间 如 误 Such a man has been hardly believed 正 Such a man has hardly been believed 2 并不是所有动词都有被动语态 The Present Perfect Passive Voice 现在完成时的被动语态 By Ms Du happen take place break out belong to cost last等 无被动语态 如 误 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978 正 Great changes have taken place in China since 1978 3 但许多不及物动词加介词或副词构成的短语动词 相当于及物 动词 也可以有被动语态 但短语动词是一个不可分割的整体 变为被动语态时 不可丢掉构成短语的 如 eg 1 The child has been taken good care of by Grandma Wang all these years 2 A notice has been put up on the wall 4 1 双宾语的动词变为被动语态时 常将 变为主语 但若直接将 变为主语 则需要在 间接宾语前加上适当的 to 或for eg 1 His parents have given him a new bike recently 被动 has been given by his parents recently 被动 has been given by his parents recently 4 2 带有复合宾语的动词在变为被动式时 只能够把 变为主语 而原来的宾语补足语则变为相应的 eg 2 I have asked him to post the letter 被动 五 现在完成时被动语态的否定式和疑问式 从现在完成时被动语态结构has have been done可以看出 为助动词 因此现在完成时被动语态的各种句型变换均应借助于 来完成 构成否定句时直接在has have后面加 构成一般疑问句时将 提前 构成反意疑问句时 附加问句借助 如 His homework hasn t been finished 他的家庭作业还没有写完 Has this bridge been finished 这座桥竣工了吗 The blackboard has been cleaned hasn t it 黑板已经擦过了 是吗 六 现在完成时被动语态例题讲解 例1 Paper money for over a thousand years A used B has been used C has used D is using 析 主语和谓语是被动关系 而且时间状语是一个时间段 根据题意 谓语动词所要表示动作可能还要继续下去 符 合现在完成时 所以应该是现在完成时的被动式 答案是B 例2 We want to sit at the table near the window I m sorry but it already The Present Perfect Passive Voice 现在完成时的被动语态 By Ms Du A has taken B took C was taken D has been taken 析 从题干中的答语知道 座位已经有人坐了 说明结果 所以应该用现在完成时的被动式 答案是D 例3 the letter to Mr Black No It s still on the desk A Has given B Will be given C Was given D Has been given 析 此题是一道问答情景题 问话人想知道的是动作的结果 所以应该是现在完成时的被动式 其疑问式是把这一结 构中的助动词have或has提前 所以正确答案为是D 例4 How long at this job Since 1990 A were you employed B have you been employed C had you been employed D will you be employed 析 how long 引导的是一个特殊疑问句 从how long和 since 1990我们可以确定应该是现在完成时 再从意义上看 应该使用被动语态 所以答案应该是B 例5 The reason for all the changes being made to us yet A as not explained B has not been explained C didn t explain D were not explained 析 the reason 是主语中心词 它和谓语explain之间是被动关系 题干的意思是 还没有给我们解释作出变化的理由 应该是现 在完成时的被动式的否定式 答案是B 例6 Great changes in my hometown and a lot of factories A have been taken place are being set up B have taken place have been set up C are taken place had been set up D had taken place will be set up The Present Perfect Passive Voice 现在完成时的被动语态 By Ms Du 析 take place 是不及物动词词组 因此没有被动语态 而factories和set up之间是被动关系 根据题干上下文可以看出 都应该是现在完成时 所以答案是B 强化练习题 I 单项选择 1 My brother and I have her birthday party A invited for B been invited for C invited to D been invited to 2 More patients in hospital this year than last year A treated B have treated C had been treated D have been treated 3 The window is dirty I know It for weeks A hasn t cleaned B didn t clean C hasn t been cleaned D wasn t cleaned 4 The police find that the house and a lot of things A has broken has been stolen B had broken had been stolen C has been broken stolen D had been broken stolen 5 Come and sit down by the fire Your hand cold A has been felt B feels C is felt D has felt 6 The fire to the fifth floor all the people A has got Have been saved B has been got Have saved C has got Do save D has got Have saved 7 Why don t you go to the book store to buy some books Many new books there A have just brought B have just been brought C were just brought D are just brought 8 Till now three films in that small village this month A have shown B have been shown C were shown D will be shown 9 Do you know the thief by the police A has caught B has been catching C was caught D has been caught 10 My sister is working in the power plant that for just one year A was used B has been used C is used D has used II 主动句变