八年级英语 (2)

1 初中语法精讲 一 名词 表示人 事物 地方 现象或抽象概念等的名称的词 知识梳理 提纲挈领 抓住重点和难点 一 名词的分类 类 别意 义例 词 专有名词 表示具体的人名 事物 国 家 地名 机构 团体等的 专有名称 Jim China Qingdao the UK the Great Wall 个体 名词 表示单个人的人或事物 girl student factory desk cat country 可 数 名 词 集合 名词 表示一群人或一些事物的总 称 people police team clothes group crew 物质 名词 表示无法分为个体的物质 water ice pork cheese cotton broccoli 名 词 普 通 名 词 不 可 数 名 词 抽象 名词 表示抽象概念的词 fun healthy happiness courage love care 注 1 专有名词是指人 地方 团体 机构等特有的名称 第一个字母必须大写 专 有名词前一般不加冠词 2 有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词 the 但它不大写 3 有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时 则变为可数名词 而且以四上也有了 变化 eg beer a beer 一杯啤酒 work a work 工厂 著作 glass a glass 一个 玻璃杯 room 空间 a room 一个房间 二 名词的数 名词的数 表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词 1 可数名词有单 复数两种形式有单 复数两种形式 可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加 a 或 an 复数形式是在名词后加 s 或 es 名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种 规则变化 及其读音可依照下表 当名词为 词尾变化读 音例 词 在清辅音后 读 s chips jeeps pats clocks 一般情况加 s 在浊辅音或 元音后读 z boys sharpeners sofas drawers 以 s x ch sh 结 尾的单词 加 es iz watches boxes classes brushes 以字母 o 结尾 的单词 加 s 或 es z zoos photos bamboos tomatoes potatoes heroes 以辅音字母 y 结尾的单词 去 y 变 i 加 es z dictionaries strawberries 以 f 或 fe 结 尾的单词 去 f 或 fe 变 v 加 es vz leaves wives halves 以 th 结尾的词加 s z z mouths paths months deaths 2 2 可数名词复数的不规则变化可数名词复数的不规则变化 改变单数名词中的元音字母 eg man men woman women tooth teeth foot feet goose geese mouse mice 单复数同形 eg Chinese Chinese deer deer fish fish sheep sheep 由 man 和 woman 构成的合成词 每个名词都要变复数 eg a man doctor men doctors a woman teacher women teachers 注意 有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分 在使用时只有复数形式 eg trousers clothes glasses shorts scissors etc 有些名词从形式上看是复数 实际上是单数 其后的谓语动词要用单数 eg maths phyiscs politics news 3 不可数名词 表示不能计算数目的人或物 称为不可数名词 他们前面不能用 a an 没有复数形式 物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词 不可数名词一般只有单数形 式 但有其特殊用法 1 同一个词 变成复数形式 意义不同 eg food 食物 foods 各种食物 time 时间 times 时代 green 绿色 greens 青菜 2 有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物 eg hope hopes 希望 hardship hardships 艰苦 3 物质名词在表示数量时 常用某个量词 of 来表示 eg a cup of tea seven pieces of bread several bags of rice 三三 名词的所有格名词的所有格 名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系 有两种表示形式 一种是在名词后 s 另一 种是用 of 表示 的 1 1 一般词的所有格 直接在词尾 s eg Mr Mott s robot children s clothes 2 以 s 结尾的名词所有格只在词尾 eg teachers books 3 两人共有的物体 则在第二个名词后 s 如果分别是两人所有 则在每个名词后面 s eg Lucy and Lily s room 指两人共住一个房间 Mrs Green s and Mrs Brown s son 指两人各自的儿子 4 表示某具体场所时 所有格后面的名词可省略 eg the doctor s office Mr White s 2 1 没有生命的事物一般用 of 短语来表示所属关系 eg the wall of the classroom a picture of the bedroom 2 名词的的定语较长时 有生命的事物也可用 of 短语表示 eg a long story of a 50 year old man 4 双重所有格 eg a friend of his the big nose of Tom s 5 有些表示时间 距离 国家 城市等无生命的东西的名词 也可以加 s 来构成所有格 eg ten minutes walk today s newspaper 例题解析 举一反三 学的更轻松 1 They got much from those new books A ideas B photos C news D stories 解析 much 是用来修饰不可数名词的 A B D 三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式 C 项为不可数名词 因此选 C 2 I have two and three bottles of here 3 A orange orange B oranges oranges C oranges orange D orange oranges 解析 orange 有两种含义 一种可数名词橘子 另一种是不可数名词橘汁 此题第一空 应填可数名词 第二空填不可数名词 因此选 C 3 Every evening M r King takes a to his home A 25 minutes walk B 25 minute s walk C 25 minute walk D 25 minutes walk 解析 句中的 minute 应该用其复数的所有格形式 只 而不能 s 因此选 A 4 An old wants to see you A people B person C the people D the person 解析 person 与 people 都有 人 的意思 但用法不同 一个人 用 a person 两个人 用 two persons people 泛指 人们 是集合名词 表示复数 the people 指 人民 a people 指 一个民族 应选 B 5 Help yourself to A chickens and apples B chickens and apple C chicken and apple D chicken and apples 解析 chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡 用作不可数名词指鸡肉 根据词题意应理解为鸡 肉 apple 为可数名词 故应 s 因此选 D 6 Oh dear I forgot the two A room s number B rooms number C room numbers D rooms numbers 解析 room number 房间号码 room 可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词 类似的还有 my phsics teacher two bus drivers 等 应选 C 7 She has been in Tianjin for ten years Tianjin has become her second A family B house C home D room 解析 family 指的是家庭或是家庭成员 house 指的是房子 住所 room 指的是房间 而 home 指的是家 因此选 C 8 mothers couldn t go to the meeting because they have gone to Shanghai A Mary and Peter s B Mary and Peter C Mary s and Peter D Mary s and Peter s 解析 此句中 mothers 是复数 表示两个人各自的母亲 因此应选 D 9 Li Lei has been to many times this month A her uncle B her uncle s C her uncles D aunt s 解析 意为 李雷这个去她舅舅家多次 表示具体场所时 可省去所有格后面的名词 因此选 B 10 He is a success as a leader but he hasn t in teaching A many experiences B much experience C an experience D a lot experience 解析 experience 作 经验 讲时是不可数名词 作 经历 讲时是可数名词 本句中应 理解为 经验 因此是不可数名词 排除 A C 又因 a lot of lots of plenty of 只用于肯定句 不用于否定句 因此选 B 11 A classmate of was here ten minutes ago A you B your C your sister D your sister s 解析 此题考查名词的双重所有格 应选 D 12 A group of are talking with two 4 A Frenchmen Germans B Germans Frenchmans C Frenchmans Germen D Germen Frenchmen 解析 Frenchman 是复合词 其复数形式为 Frenchmen German 的复数为直接在单词末 尾 S 应选 A 13 The team having a meeting A is B are C am D be 解析 team 是一个集合名词 即可表示复数意义 指整个小组 也可指小组中的成员 表 示复数 此题意为后者 因此选 B 14 Would you like please A drink Three coffees B a cup of drink Coffees C a drink A coffee D a drink Three cups of coffees 解析 drink 和 coffee 是不可数名词 可以用 of 来表示数量 eg three cups of coffee 当前面加 a 时 则表示 一杯 因此选 C 15 The Great Wall was made not only by but also the flesh and blood of men A earth and stone millions of B earths and stones millions C the earth and stone million of D the earths and stones millions 解析 earth 是不可数名词 因此删除 B D 数以百万的应为 millions of 因此选 A 选择最佳答案 1 Last night there was a food accident The were ill but no were lost A child lives B children life C children lives D child life 2 This is a photo of when they were young OK how happy they both looked A my father and mother B my mother and father s C my mother s and father s D my father s and my mother 3 The new student is in Grade Two A Class Third B Third Class C Class Three D Three class 4 Today is September 10th It s Day Let s go and buy some flowers for our teachers A Teachers B Teachers C the Teachers D Teacher s 5 The market isn t far from here It s only bicycle ride A half an hours B half an hour s C half an hour D an hour and a half 6 What would you like to drink girls please A Two cup of coffee B Two cups of coffe C Two cups of coffee D Two cups of coffees 7 During Christmas people get together and sing Christmas songs for A fun B wishes C interest D thanks 8 Some are flying kites near the river A child B boy C boys D childs 9 After the exam we ll have holiday A two weeks B two weeks C two weeks D two week s 5 10 They are those bags Please put them on the bus A visitor B visitors C visitor s D visitors 11 How many workers are there in your factory There are two A hundreds B hundred C hundred of D hundreds of 12 What do you think of the the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven It sounds really wonderful A subject B music C book D animal 13 There is not enough in the corner for the fridge A place B room C field D ground 14 comes from sheep and some people like eating it A Wool B Pork C Mutton D Milk 15 If you don t take more you ll get fat A medicine B lessons C photos D exercise 16 My school is about twenty walk from here A minute B minutes C minutes s D minutes 17 Mum I have to tell you A a good news B some good news C some good newes D much good news 18 Which is the to the post office A street B way C road D address 19 I stayed at last Sunday A my uncles B my uncles C my uncle s D my uncle s family 20 Maths not easy to learn A are B is C am D were 1 5 CBCBB 6 10 CACCD 11 15 ABBCD 16 20 BBBCB 完形填空 出题方向 训练策略 解题技巧 完形填空题属于英语知识综合应用的考查题型 和其它的题型相比 它有着较 广的深度和较大的难度 做完形填空题 必须依据其内在特点 充分运用已有 知识 遵循通读全文 确定答案 认真核对三个步骤 在答题的过程中还要分 清阅读理解 词语用法 句法结构三个主要考查方面 掌握正确答案必须具备 意思通顺 结构正确 符合习惯表达三个标准 要做好完形填空题必须遵循三个步骤 完形填空命题方向 1 单词搭配 习惯用语 2 语篇 推理 逻辑 以意义完型为主 语法完型为辅 完形填空解题技巧 6 1 细读首句 推测意图 推测作者大概要写什么样的故事 仔细阅读首句可以 推断文章的体裁 预测全文大意及主题思想 2 通读全文 了解大意 依据首句给予的启示 调动大脑的逻辑思维能力 借 助文中关键词语的语义信息 抓住全文大意 阅读过程中考虑文章是什么内容 抓住五个 wh 即 when where who what why 切忌做题时不通读全文 采 取边阅读边填空甚至没有读懂全文就胡乱填的错误做法 3 首尾兼顾 初定选项 通读全文后 应进行逐句推敲 从意义上和结构上确 定答案的范围 注意散布不同位置的词类 4 还原复读 查漏补缺 填完后 检查句子的词类及搭配 纠正错误 弥补疏 漏 Big schoolbags have been a serious problem for students for a long time Maybe your schoolbag is too 46 to carry and it troubles you a lot 47 you want to find a book out to read Now an e textbook will 48 you It is said that e textbooks are going to be 49 in Chinese middle schools An e textbook in fact is a small 50 for students It is much 51 than a usual schoolbag and easy to carry Though it is as small as a book it can 52 all the materials 材料 for study The students can read the text page by page on the 53 take notes with the pointer 屏写笔 Or even 54 their homework to their teachers by sending e mails All they have to do is to press a button Some people say e textbooks are good but some say they may be 55 for the students eyes What do you think of it 46 A light B heavy C useful D comfortable 47 A till B after C before D when 48 A trouble B prevent C help D understand 49 A used B kept C inventedD lent 50 A TV B radio C pen D computer 51 A heavier B lighter C cheaper D brighter 52 A hold B build C discover D practise 53 A blackboard B desk C screen D card 54 A find out B hand in C get back D give back 55 A helpful B famous C good D bad 取材贴近学生生活实际 引人入胜 共 10 题 着重考查了学生对篇章的理解 能力和对所学语言知识的判断理解及综合运用能力 要求学生从所提供的选项 中选出最佳答案 使补全后的短文结构完整 意思通顺 合乎情理 该篇生词 量适中 设空合理 以考查实词为主 10 个小题有 9 个是考查实词 并且只有 理解了上下文才能正确做答 A 7 English names and Chinese names are quite different but it s not hard for us to know Unlike Chinese most English people 21 three names One is their family name both of 22 names are given names Their family name 23 behind the given name They use Mr Mrs or Miss 24 the given name but they never use 25 with the first name For example we can 26 a man named James Allan Green Mr Green 27 we can t call him Mr James or Mr Allan People usually use Jim 28 James Jim is short for James because 29 easy to remember But Chinese names are the opposite A girl named Han meimei puts her family name Han first Of course she 30 Ah Mei for short in China if you wish 21 A hasB hadC haveD owns 22 A anotherB otherC othersD the other 23 A areB isC wasD were 24 A withB forC ofD to 25 A theirsB their C themD it 26 A callB ask C writeD say 27 A so B orC butD and 28 A instead ofB forC withD of 29 A itsB it sC itD its 30 A can callB callsC can be calledD Called B When I was three years old just before my sister was born my mom asked me what we should name the new baby I said Let s call 11 Gravy 肉汁 You know we pour gravy over meat and it tastes 12 My parents found my idea interesting but named the new baby Caroline 13 Having a sister changed my life When my sister and I played together we often got into fights and got angry wit