高中英语时态总结

1 英语时态英语时态 一般时态 一般时态 时态名时态名 称称 结构结构常连用的词常连用的词基本用法基本用法 1 be 动词用动词用 am is are 后 后 接接 n a prep 一般现一般现 在时在时 2 行为动词用行为动词用 v 或或 v s es often usually every sometimes always never seldom once twice a week month year on Sundays Mondays 1 表示现在存在的习惯 经常发生的动作或存在的状态 表示现在存在的习惯 经常发生的动作或存在的状态 He takes a walk after supper every day The children go to school at seven every morning 2 表示主语的特征 性格 能力等 表示主语的特征 性格 能力等 The children draw well Does she like sports 3 表示客观事实或普遍真理 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east Two plus two makes four Knowledge is power 4 在时间 条件状语从句中表示将来的动作 在时间 条件状语从句中表示将来的动作 When they leave school they will go to work in Tibet If You see him will you tell him to ring me We ll visit the cotton mill if it is fine tomorrow 5 表示安排或计划好的将来的动作 表示安排或计划好的将来的动作 一般只限于某些表示一般只限于某些表示 移动的动词 如移动的动词 如 go come arrive leave begin start 等等 这种安排很固定 不易改变 这种安排很固定 不易改变 The train starts at ten o clock in the morning The film begins in a minute When does the Japanese Youth delegation leave for Xi an 2 1 be 动词用过动词用过 去式去式 was 或或 were 表示 表示 一般过一般过 去时去时 2 行为动词用行为动词用 V ed yesterday the day before yesterday last week month year ago a moment ago just now on in 过去的时间过去的时间 1 表示过去的动作或状态表示过去的动作或状态 We had a good swim last Sunday She suddenly fell ill yesterday 2 叙述过去连续发生的一件件事 叙述过去连续发生的一件件事 He got up early in the morning fetched water swept the yard and then went out to work 3 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作 When my brother was a teenager he played table tennis almost every day It used to be difficult to get drinking water here 其他用法 其他用法 1 在宾语从句中 由于时态呼应的关系 可用一般过去在宾语从句中 由于时态呼应的关系 可用一般过去 时表示现在时表示现在 I didn t know you were here 我不知道你在这儿 我不知道你在这儿 were 实际上指现在实际上指现在 I didn t know you were so busy 我没想到你这 我没想到你这 么忙 么忙 were 实际上指现在实际上指现在 2 表示客气委婉的现在表示客气委婉的现在 I wondered if you were free this evening 不不 知您今晚是否有空 知您今晚是否有空 I thought you might like some flowers 我想您我想您 也许想要些花 也许想要些花 注注 能这样有的动词主要限于能这样有的动词主要限于 want wonder think hope intend 等少数动词 等少数动词 3 用于某些特殊结构中用于某些特殊结构中 It s time we started 我们该动身了 我们该动身了 I wish I knew his name 要是我知道他的名字就要是我知道他的名字就 好了 好了 I d rather you lived closer to us 我希望你能住我希望你能住 得离我们近点 得离我们近点 注注 该用法主要用于该用法主要用于 it s high time I wish I d rather if only as if as though 等少数结构后接从句等少数结构后接从句 的情形 的情形 4 表主观想法的虚拟条件句也用一般过去时表示现在表主观想法的虚拟条件句也用一般过去时表示现在 If I had the money now I d buy a car 假若我假若我 现在有钱 我就买辆小汽车 现在有钱 我就买辆小汽车 5 当主句中的谓语动词是现在完成时 当主句中的谓语动词是现在完成时 since 引导的从引导的从 句用一般过去时 句用一般过去时 I have lived in the house since I came to the city Great changes have taken place since I visited the city 3 1 will v 2 is am are go ing to V 表 表 示计划打算做什示计划打算做什 么事 么事 tomorrow the day after tomorrow soon next week month year the week month year after next on in 将来的时间 将来的时间 in 一段时间 一段时间 1 表示将来的动作或状态 表示将来的动作或状态 My daughter will be twelve years old tomorrow The indoor swimming pool will be open to the public from October 16 2 表示将来经常发生的动作 表示将来经常发生的动作 We shall work in this factory every day 一般将一般将 来时来时 其他形式其他形式 1 be going to v 多用于口语中 常表示打算 即将 决心去做的事或可能要发生多用于口语中 常表示打算 即将 决心去做的事或可能要发生 的事 如 的事 如 We are going to visit the Museum of Chinese History 我们要去参观中国历我们要去参观中国历 史博物馆 史博物馆 表打算表打算 Tom studies very hard He is going to try for a scholarship 汤姆学习非常努汤姆学习非常努 力 他将争取获得奖学金 力 他将争取获得奖学金 表决心表决心 Look at those clouds It s going to rain 瞧那些云 要下雨了 瞧那些云 要下雨了 表估计可能表估计可能 The wall is going to collapse 那墙要倒塌了那墙要倒塌了 即将即将 2 go come leave start 等表示移动的动词 可用现在进行时来表示即将发生的动作等表示移动的动词 可用现在进行时来表示即将发生的动作 She is going to the dentist tomorrow because she is having a toothache I m coming 3 be about to v 表示即将发生的动作 如 表示即将发生的动作 如 The English evening is about to begin 英语晚会即将开始 英语晚会即将开始 We are about to leave so there is no time to visit him now 我们就要离开我们就要离开 了 所以现在没有时间去看他 了 所以现在没有时间去看他 4 be to do 表示安排或计划好了的动作等 如 表示安排或计划好了的动作等 如 The boys are to go to school next week 这些男孩子下周要上学了 这些男孩子下周要上学了 He and I are to meet at the Shanghai Railway Station 他和我约定在上海火他和我约定在上海火 车站见面 车站见面 I m to be home before midnight 我午夜前回家 我午夜前回家 was were going to V 原原 形形 would V 原形原形 表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态 常用在宾语从句中 表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态 常用在宾语从句中 They wanted to know when you would finish the article We asked him where we should go to work next week 过去将过去将 来时来时 其他形式其他形式 I was told that the press conference was to be held the next day I was about to leave when it began to rain He told me he was leaving soon 进行时态 进行时态 时态时态 名称名称 结构结构常连用的词常连用的词主要用法主要用法 现在现在 is am are V ing now 1 表示此时此刻表示此时此刻 说话人说话时说话人说话时 正在进行的动作 正在进行的动作 4 进行进行 时时 at present at the moment Look 放在句首放在句首 Listen 放在句首放在句首 What are you doing I m doing some washing Look It is snowing 2 表示现阶段正在进行着的动作 虽然此时此刻这个动作可能表示现阶段正在进行着的动作 虽然此时此刻这个动作可能 并不在进行 并不在进行 He is working on a paper They are compiling a dictionary 3 有时可表示将来发生的动作 有有时可表示将来发生的动作 有 意图意图 或或 打算打算 的含义的含义 用用 于于 go come stay leave start 等表示移动的动词等表示移动的动词 They are taking the children to the zoo on Sunday What are you doing next Sunday I m going on a picnic with my wife and daughter 过去过去 进行进行 时时 was were V ing at that time at this time yesterday at 时间点时间点 yesterday lastnight at that moment 1 表示过去一段时间正在发生的动作 表示过去一段时间正在发生的动作 I was practicing the violin at eight o clock yesterday evening She was reading an English magazine when I came in 2 表示移动的动词 表示移动的动词 go come start stay leave 等的过等的过 去进行时 可以表示过去将来发生的动作 去进行时 可以表示过去将来发生的动作 They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai 将来将来 进行进行 时时 will shall be v ing at this time 将来时间将来时间 点点 1 表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作 表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作 This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Guangzhou What will you be doing at eight tomorrow morning 2 表示将来被客观情况所决定的动作或者按照安排将要发生的 表示将来被客观情况所决定的动作或者按照安排将要发生的 动作 动作 We ll be having tea after dinner as usual The leaves will be falling soon 过去过去 将来将来 进行进行 时时 should would be v ing 1 表示在过去的将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作 表示在过去的将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作 He asked me what I should be doing at ten the next day They said that they would be expecting us the next week 2 表示在过去某一时间之后即将或按计划进行的动作 表示在过去某一时间之后即将或按计划进行的动作 He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting 完成时态 完成时态 时态时态 名称名称 结构结构常连用的词常连用的词主要用法主要用法 现在现在 完成完成 时时have has already just before yet 否定句中否定句中 ever never 1 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚完成 汉语常用表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚完成 汉语常用 了了 或或 过过 来表来表 示 示 We have already set up many new factories in this area 5 p p 过去分词 过去分词 since 时间点 时间点 since 一段时间一段时间 ago by 现在时间 现在时间 so far up to now till now until now recently lately The new books have not arrived yet Many westerners have never seen a giant panda 2 还可表示动作发生在过去 并且一直延续到现在 甚至还可能继 还可表示动作发生在过去 并且一直延续到现在 甚至还可能继 续延续下去 续延续下去 How long have you been in Beijing I have been in Beijing for four years Three years have passed since we left school Up to now I have finished two thirds of the work 3 在条件 时间状语从句中表示将来某个动作发生之前已完成的动 在条件 时间状语从句中表示将来某个动作发生之前已完成的动 作 作 Perhaps I ll know more English after I have learnt it for two years 1 This is It is the first second time that 句型中 常用现在完成时 但在句型中 常用现在完成时 但在 It was the second time that 中 也能用过去完成时 中 也能用过去完成时 This is the second time that I have seen the film That was the third time that I had visited the place 2 It is has been since 句型中 主句常用现在完成时 从句用一般现在时 句型中 主句常用现在完成时 从句用一般现在时 It is has been three years since I began to work on the state farm 特别注意 特别注意 3 在完成时中 一个瞬间性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语 在完成时中 一个瞬间性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语 for since how long 等 连用 等 连用 此时必须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词 此时必须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词 buyhave borrowkeep catch get a coldhave a cold come arrive reach get tobe becomebe gobe put onwear joinbe in go to schoolbe a student diebe dead begin startbe on leavebe away fall asleepbe asleep openbe open close shutbe closed endbe over marrybe married He has come back for three weeks He has been back for three weeks The writer has died for two years The writer has been dead for two years He has left for 6 days He has been away for 6 days 6 过去过去 完成完成 时时 had p p 过 过 去分词 去分词 过去的过去 过去的过去 by 过去的时间 过去的时间 表表 过去某动作或时间以前过去某动作或时间以前 的时间状语 的时间状语 1 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前业已完成的动作 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前业已完成的动作 By the end of last week we had learned ten lessons In the exhibition he saw many oil paintings that he had never seen before 2 表示由过去某一时间开始 一直延续到过去另一时间的动作 表示由过去某一时间开始 一直延续到过去另一时间的动作 It rained yesterday after it had been dry for many months He said that great changes had taken place in his hometown since 1980 3 常用语常用语 no sooner than 和和 hardly scarcely when 句型的主句中 从句用一般过去时 倒装 句型的主句中 从句用一般过去时 倒装 No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain 他他 一到家 就开始下雨了 一到家 就开始下雨了 He had hardly got on the train when the train started out 他刚上火车 火车就开了 他刚上火车 火车就开了 4 在在 would rather would prefer 等后面的从句中 如果表示过去等后面的从句中 如果表示过去 的动作或情况 用过去完成时 的动作或情况 用过去完成时 I d rather you had been here yesterday 要是你昨晚在这就要是你昨晚在这就 好了 好了 将来将来 完成完成 时时 will shall have p p by 将来时间将来时间 by the time 将来时间将来时间 表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作 表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作 By the end of this week I shall have finished the book The children will have gone to sleep by the time we get home When you come tonight at eight o clock I shall have written my paper 过去过去 将来将来 完成完成 时时 should would have p p 表示在过去的将来的某一时间以前已经完成的动作 表示在过去的将来的某一时间以前已经完成的动作 He said he would have paid back the money by the end of the week We told him that we should have returned to the camp by four o clock I hoped she would have finished the work before I got back 完成进行时完成进行时 时态时态 名称名称 结构结构主要用法主要用法 现在现在 完成完成 进行进行 时时 have has been v ing 表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在 现在这个动作表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在 现在这个动作 可能已经终止 也可能仍然在进行着 可能已经终止 也可能仍然在进行着 I have been waiting for you for two hours He has been working on the paper all day How long have you been learning English I have been learning English for two years 注意 注意 有些不能用现在进行时态的动词 如有些不能用现在进行时态的动词 如 7 be have like love know see hear 等 同样也不能等 同样也不能 用现在完成进行时 而只能用现在完成时 用现在完成进行时 而只能用现在完成时 She has been ill for a long time I have not seen you for ages 过去过去 完成完成 进行进行 时时 had been V ing 表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去这个时间 这表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去这个时间 这 一动作可能还在进行 也可能已经停止 一动作可能还在进行 也可能已经停止 The baby had been crying for fifteen minutes when her mother came in The teacher had been teaching for forty years by the time he retired It seemed to her that the boys had been shouting for a long time 专项练习专项练习 1 a concert next Saturday A There will be B Will there be C There can be D There are 2 It s good to see you again Agnes This has been our first chance to visit since from Iran A you return B you returned C you have returned D returning 3 If it tomorrow we ll go roller skating A isn t rain B won t rain C doesn t rain D doesn t fine 4 The reporter said that the UFO east to west when he saw it A was traveling B traveled C had been traveling D was to travel 5 Sorry I can t open the door for I the key to it A lost B lose C had lost D have lost 6 What s the matter Ali You look sad Oh nothing much As a matter of fact I of my friends back home A just thought B have just been thinking C was just thinking D have just thought 7 Did you expect Frank to come to the party No but I had hoped A him coming B him to come C that he comes D that he would come 8 Bob must be very wealthy Yes he more in one day than I do in a week A has been earned B had earned C earns D has earned 9 I first met Lisa three years ago She at a radio shop at the time A has worked B was working C had been working D had worked 10 She her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband home A has left comes B had left would come C had left came D left had come 11 Zhao Lan already in this school for two years A was studying B will study C has studied D are studying 12 Mr Gorden asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon Don t forget it OK I A won t B don t C will D do 13 When I reached home my parents their supper A are having B have already had C have had D had already had 14 She in this school the past ten years A was teaching since B had been teaching since C would teach for D has been teaching for 8 15 I first met Tom 10 years ago He in a radio factory at that time A had worked B has worked C was working D has been working 16 What when I phoned you I my work and I wanted to go out A have you done finished B were you doing have finished C did you do had just finished D were you doing had just finished 17 I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I coffee A prefer B preferred C had preferred D am preferring 18 Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday Never him talk so much A I heard B did I hear C I had heard D had I heard 19 He articles for our wall newspaper these three years and he about forty articles A has been writing has written B had been writing wrote C is writing has been writing D has written has written 20 When he was alive the old scientist used to say that knowledge from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work A was coming B had come C comes D would come 21 How are you planning to travel to Shanghai I yet but I taking a train A d