高考英语讲义 特殊句式

1 高考英语讲义 1 倒装 1 全部倒装 将整个谓语部分放在主语之前 1 在 there be 句型中 其中 be 还可以换成 seem live stand lie appear lie exist come 等动词 要全部倒装 Long long ago there lived a king who liked horses very much There are many people dancing in the square There seems to have a concert in the hall tomorrow There lies a snake along the lake 2 such 放句首 句子全部倒装 注意主谓一致 以谓语动词后面的成分来确定的单复 Such was his life then Such is what he wants Such were her books 3 以 there here now then thus 等引导的句子中 谓语动词常为 be come go 等 句子全部倒装 There goes the bell Here comes the bus Then came a new difficult question There rings the telephone 4 以 down up out away 等表示位置转移的副词位于句首时 句子全部倒装 人称代词出现时 句子不倒装 Up went the arrow into the sky In came the teacher Away ran the dog Out rushed the people from their house when the earthquake happened In she came Here you are Out it ran 人称代词出现 不倒装 5 表地点的介词短语放在句首 句子要用倒装 In the classroom stays a girl On the desk lies a book 2 部分倒装 将谓语中的助动词 情态动词 be 动词放在主语之前 1 only 状语 副词 介词短语 状语从句 放在句首状语 副词 介词短语 状语从句 放在句首 谓语动词部分倒装 Only then did I realize the importance of English Only in this way can you solve the problem Only when I came into the house did I recognize the man 注 注 only 修饰主语时 句子不用倒装修饰主语时 句子不用倒装 Only you can finish the work 2 so be 动词 助动词 情态动词 主语 句子部分倒装 So did I 我也是 和 so he does 他确实是 的判断方法 1 判断原句正负 肯定为正 否定为负 原句为正用 so 开头 原句为负用 neither 或 nor 开头 2 判断原句的 be 助动词 情态动词 根据时态和人称确定 3 看人称所指一致不一致 人称所指一致 用正序 人称所指不一致用倒序 教学目的教学目的 了解倒装 强调句 反义疑问句 主谓一致 省略 了解倒装 强调句 反义疑问句 主谓一致 省略 itit 用用 法法 上课时间上课时间上课时长上课时长 上课内容上课内容特殊句式特殊句式课次课次 2 4 如果出现第三个人和前面两人的情况相同时 用 it is the same with sb 如果两者情况都相同时 并且原句为否定 则省略句还可用 主语主语 be 助动词助动词 情态动词情态动词 either I went there yesterday so did he 我昨天去那里了 他也去了 Tom is a good student So he is 强调他的却是 She never went to Beijing Neither did I 强调我也没去过 3 否定副词或短语放在句首 句子部分倒装 Never no hardly scarcely barely seldom little not few nowhere rarely in no time by no means in no case under in no circumstances 等 Not a single mistake did I make Never before have I seen such a moving film Seldom does he get up early 4 复合句型的倒装 1 Not until 提前主倒从不倒 陈述语序 We did not have supper until he returned home 倒装语序 Not until he returned home did we have supper 2 no sooner than Hardly when 一 就 No sooner 句子部分倒装 过去完成时 than 句子 一般过去时 Hardly 句子部分倒装 过去完成时 when 句子 一般过去时 No sooner had the bell rung than the teacher came in Hadly had we arrive home then the telephone rang No sooner had he pick up the paper than the owner reached and ask for it 3 not only but also 不但 而且 前倒后不倒 Not only was he forced to stay at home but also he had to do his homework Not only has he arrived the destination but also he prepared a table of delicious food for us 4 so that 如此 以至于 前倒后不到 So 形容词 be 主语 that So 副词 助动词 主语 实意动词 that So clearly does he speak that we all understand what he says So fast did he run that we cannot go with him So fast did he ride the motorbike when he turn around the corner that he fell down heavily 5 让步状语从句中 从句部分倒装 句型例句 名词 as though 主 系Child as he is he knows a lot 形容词 as though 主 系Young as he is he finishes it easily 副词 as though 主 谓Hard as he had worked he failed the exam 动词原形 as though 主 助 主句 Try as he did he failed 上述句子都可以换成用 although 或 but 引导的让步状语从句 陈述句式 Although he is a child he knows a lot Although he is young he finishes it easily Although he had worked hard he failed the exam 3 He tried but he failed 二 强调句型 1 类型和结构 类型结构例句 肯定 It is was 被强调部分 that who 其 他成分 It is my father who always gives me money 一般疑问句 Is was it 被强调部分 that who 其 他成分 Was it your sister who helped you 特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 is was it that 其他成分 Where was it that they bought the bike What was it that made the result changed 其他 It might be 被强调部分 that 其他 It must have been 被强调部分 that 其他 It might be Tom who broke the window It must have been Tom who broke the window last night 2 Not until 的强调句型 He did not go to bed until 11o clock It was not until 11 o clock that he went to bed 比较 陈述句式 He did not go to bed until his mother came back 倒装句式 Not until his mother came back did he go to bed 强调句式 It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed 3 谓语动词的强调 Do does did 动词原形 可以用来强调谓语动词表示 的却 确实 I do hope you will stay to lunch He did attend the meeting 4 强调句和其他句型的区别 1 强调句和主语从句的区别 It is there that accidents often happens It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language 2 强调句和定语从句的区别 It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading It is a question that needs carefully consideration 3 强调句和状语从句的区别 It was at 6 00 that I got up today It was 6 00 when I get up It was two years ago that I began to learn English It was two years since I began to learn English It was two years before he came back from abroad It was two years later that he came back from abroad 4 三 反意疑问句 1 做反意疑问句的步骤 1 判断陈述部分的正负 正为肯定 负为否定认识否定词 否定词 seldom hardly never few nothing nobody nowhere no scarcely barely little not nowhere rarely in no time by no means in no case under in no circumstances 2 判断陈述部分需要用的代词 3 反意部分为 be 助动词 情态动词 人称 根据前肯后否 前否后肯的原则 Lucy is a good student isn t she I am the first one to come to school aren t I 2 反意疑问句的类型 1 陈述部分含有 must 的反意疑问句 当 must 为 必须 时 其反意部分用 needn t 当含有 mustn t 不允许 禁止 时 反意 部分用 must may You must go now needn t you You mustn t smoke here must you may you 当 must 表推测 为 一定 准是 时 对现在的推测 must be 反意部分用 be am is are n t 人称代词 He must be at home isn t he You must be hungry now aren t you 对过去的推测 肯定用 must have done 否定用 can t have done 有时间状语 反意部分用 did didn t 人称代词 反意部分 分两种情况 You must have watched that football match last night didn t you 无时间状语 反意部分用 have has n t 人称代词 You must have heard about it haven t you 2 陈述部分有 used to 的反意疑问句 反意部分用 usedn t didn t 人称代词 You used to sleep with the windows open usedn t you 3 陈述部分有 ought to 的反意疑问句 He ought to attend the lecture oughtn t shouldn t he 4 陈述部分有 seldom hardly scarcely never few little nothing nobody nowhere no none none of neither nor 等否定或半否定词 反意部分用肯定形式 He could hardly walk without a stick could he 5 陈述部分含有表示否定意义的前缀构成的词 unsatisfied uncertain impossible irregular unhappy discover unsuccessful unfamiliar 的反意疑问句 反意部分用否定形式 My sister is unhappy with her position isn t she Tom dislikes playing tennis doesn t he 6 含有宾语从句的反意疑问句 一般含有从句的反义疑问句 只需要需要看主句的谓语动词 和人称 当主句中含有否定转移的词 think believe suppose expect imagine 时 前肯后否 前否 后肯 主语为第一人称 反意部分看从句的助动词和人称代词 5 My mother and I thought the girl was right wasn t she I don t believe he will succed will he 主语为第二三人称 反意部分看主句的助动词和人称代词 He never thinks the building can be finished this year does he You seldom know what is the real goal of this action do you 7 祈使句的反意疑问句 不表反意 只表示一种语气 Let us go will you Let s go shall we Don t smoke here will you Run quickly won t you will you 8 反意问句的回答 要么肯定 要么否定 不能出现 yes I don t No I do 应该用 Yes he is No he isn t 9 反意疑问句的主语和陈述部分的主语在人称和数上保持一致 陈述部分主语反意疑问句主语例句 one 指人 one 或 heOne can t be careful enough can he one this that these thoseit theyThis isn t a fast train is it everything anything something nothing it Nothing happened to him did it Something has gone wrong with this machine hasn t it everybody everyone someone somebody no one nobody anybody anyone he 或 they Everybody agreed to the plan didn t they Nobody likes to be laughed at doesn t they don t they 不定式 动名词 其他短 语 It Learning English well takes a lot of time doesn t it There be 句型 be 情态动词 助动词 there There is no doubt about it is there There used to be a church here didn t usedn t there There will be rain tomorrow won t there There should be no problem should there 四 主谓一致 语法一致 意义一致 就近原则 一 并列主语的主谓一致 1 由 and 连接两个名词或代词做主语 即 A and B 可分为三种情况 A 和 B 表示不同的人 物或者概念 谓语动词要用复数形式 Tom and Jack were close friends last year The doctor and the nurse should always help the sick people A 和 B 表示同一人 物和概念时 谓语动词要用单数形式 Trial and error is the source of our knowledge Knife and fork is useful in dinner Bread and butter is nutritious The doctor and nurse is helping the poor people in the village 6 A 和 B 之前有 each every many a no 等修饰语时 谓语动词要用单数 B 前的限定词 可省略 Each boy and each girl has an apple Many a man and woman likes eating something delicious 2 由 or nor either or neither nor not but not only but also 连接的并列主语 通常根据就近原则就近原则 谓语动词的单复数要和它临近的主语的数保 持一致 One or two friends are coming this evening Neither he nor I am going to be in charge of this program 3 如果主语后有 with along with together with but expect like in addition to including besides as well as as much as around rather than more than 等引起的短语 用就远原则就远原则 An expert as well as some assistants was sent to help this work Tom along with his friends goes skating on Sundays 注 there be 句型也用就近原则 There is a desk in the room but there are no chairs in it 二 单一主语的主谓一致 1 以 s 结尾的名词的主谓一致 1 以 s 结尾的专有名词做主语的主谓一致 国名 书名 报纸名 剧名 the United States The United Nations The New York Times The Arabian Nights 做主语 谓语动词用单数 如果群岛 山脉 海峡 瀑布等地理名词做主语 谓语动词用复数 The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant 2 以 ics 结尾的学科名词 physics maths politics means news 等做主语 谓语动词用 单数 Maths is an interesting subject Every means has been tried 3 以 s 结尾的由两部分组成的工具 衣服 等做主语 谓语动词用复数 Trousers 裤子 pants 短裤 goods 货物 shoes 鞋子 glasses 眼睛 clothes 衣服 如果这些词由 a pair suit piece series kind of 修饰时 谓语动词用单数 My glasses are new John s trousers are black There is a pair of shoes under the chair A piece of chalk can be used to write words 如果如果 pair suit piece series kind 为复数时 谓语动词要用复数形式 为复数时 谓语动词要用复数形式 Two pairs of shoes are on the shelf please pass me them 2 动名词 不定式 从句做主语 谓语动词用单数 1 由 what 引导的主语从句做主语 应根据意义一致原则来决定位于动词的单复数 What they need is money What they need are some books 2 不定式 动名词做主语时 谓语动词用单数 To walk in the new street is exciting Reading is helpful to us 3 由连接词连接的多个非谓语动词做主语 表示同一概念 谓语动词用单数 表达不同概 念 谓语动词用复数 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit To live and to work are two different things 4 关系代词 who that which 在定语从句中做主语时 谓语动词应与句中的先行词一致 7 Those who want to go should put hands up Li Hua is one of the students who have passed the test Li Hua is only one of the students who has passed the test Either you or I who am the leader of the program should give a much better plan for this stage 三 集体名词做主语的主谓一致 1 group family army enemy government 等做主语 如果强调整体 谓语动词用单数 强调个体 谓语动词用复数 My family is a large and good family The family are on holiday in Europe 2 cattle police people folk youth majority public 做主语 谓语动词用复数 The police are searching for the thief The majority are on Tom s side 3 equipment furniture jewelry clothing machinery 不可数名词 谓语动词用单数 The furniture he bought was out of fashion The equipment of taking photos was expensive 四 代词做主语的主谓一致 1 由 either neither each one another the other anybody anything anyone nothing nobody no one something someone somebody everything everyone little much 等做主语谓语 动词用单数单数 Each of the books costs five yuan Somebody is using the phone 2 all 做主语时 指整体概念 表示一切 谓语动词用单数 若指具体的人或者物时 谓语 动词用复数 All has been tried All that we want is to be calm All that glitters is not gold All that we want are some books 3 None how many how much 的回答 做主语指代不可数名词 谓语动词用单数 指代可数名词时 谓语动词 用单数或复数 Is there any milk in the glass No there is none None of them has have arrived 4 both few a few many several 做主语或 名词复数 谓语动词用复数 Both of the instruments are not accurate 5 其他 分数 百分数 可数名词复数 谓语动词复数 不可数名词 谓语动词单数 Two thirds of the youth support the plan Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea a lot of lots of plenty of half of 可数名词复数 谓语动词复数 all of 不可数名词 谓语动词单数 most of the rest of some of a great deal of a large amount of amounts of 不可数名词 谓语动词单数 8 several a few quite a few a great many of a number of 名词复数 谓语动词复数 kind form type sort species portion series quantity of 名词做主语 谓语动词 的单复数取决于这些词的单复数 A large quantity of water is in the river Large quantities of water flow into the river 一两个 one or two 名词复数 谓语动词复数 A 名词单数 or two 谓语动词单数 more than one 名词单数 谓语动词单数 More 名词复数 than one 谓语动词单数 a number of 名词复数 谓语动词复数 the number of 名词复数 谓语动词单数 时间 重量 距离 价值 体积 长度等名词复数做主语 谓语动词用单数 Twenty years is a period of short time in history many a 名词单数 谓语动词单数 the 形容词 表一类人 做主语 谓语动词复数 有些名词 如 variety number population proportion majority 等有时看作单数 有时看作复数 A number of 名词复数 复数动词 The number of 名词复数 单数动词 A number of books have lent out The majority of the students like English The population of China is 1 4 billion Two thirds of the population in the village live in a happy life 五 五 itit 的用法的用法 1 It 为代词时 1 指代天气 星期 价值 数量 长度 距离 金钱 季节 时间等人以外的事物 2 不知性别的婴儿 小孩 不明身份的人 3 代替上文提到的事 物 2 句型 It s very kind of you 你人真好 Make it I can make it 成功 实现 完成 it s over 完了 I can t help it 我没办法了 It occurs to sb that 从句 某人突然想到 It takes took sb 时间 to do sth 花费某人多长时间来干某事 It is the first time that 从句 现完 It was the first second time that 从句 过完 It s high time for sb to do sth 该是做 的时候了 虚拟语气 强调句 It is was 被强调部分 that who 从句 3 形式主语 It remains to see it seems looks appears happens that 从句 It remains to be seen whether the newly founded committee s policy can be put into practice 4 形式宾语 have feel find make it 形容词 difficult easy possible 等 to do sth 或从句 I found it difficult to learn English well 5 it 的几种易考 易混句型 1 It be 段时间 since 从句 主句一般现在 从句一般过去 It has been two months since we met last 2 It be 时间 long years months weeks days hours minutes before 从句 意为 过多长时间 才 be 动词为 was before 后用一般过去 be 动词为 will be before 后用一般现在 9 It was the only several days before he realized the truth that he has been affected with 3 It be 时间 具体的时间 when 从句 一般现在时 be 动词为 will be 从句一般现在时 It will be 6 00 when we get there 主谓一致主谓一致练习练习 1 Neither of them going to the cinema Both of them going to the cinema A is are B is is C are was D are is 2 All but one here just now All that I want to say this A was were B was is C were is D were were 3 A number of students gone for an outing The number of the students increasing year A have has B is have C has have D have is 4 Some of the oranges turned bad Some of the milk turned sour 酸 A have has B have have C has have D have is 5 Each student got an English Chinese dictionary The students each a dictionary A have has B has have C have have D has has 6 There a pen an ink bottle and some books on it There some bowls plates and a spoon on it A is are B are are C are is D is is 7 Either the judge or the lawvers wrong Either you or he to blame A is are B are is C are are D is is 8 His family all very well His family a five good one A are is B is is C are are D is are 9 My blue trousers worn out One pair of trousers not enough A is are B are are C is is D are is 10 Our League secretary and monitor the lead in everything Our League secretary and the monitor good friends A take are B take is C takes is D takes are 11 The girl as well as his parents a bike Not only the students but also the professor surprised at Mary s answer A have was B have were C has was D has were 12 Who the girl singing in the next room Who these people over there A are are B are is C is are D is is 13 Most of the students boys Most of his money spent on books A are is B is is C are are D is are 14 The policeman standing at the street corner The police searching for him A are is B are are C is are D is is 15 The glasses mine That pair of glasses my brother s A are is B are are C is are D is is 16 The news at six o clock not true Those pieces of news to be broadcasted A are is B are are C is are D is is 10 17 Grandpa Wang and his two grandsons taking a walk in the park now Grandpa Wang together with his two grandsons taking a walk in the park now A are are B is are C is is D are is 18 No one but Jane the secret Nobody but Mary and I in the classroom at that time A know was B knows was C know were D knows were 19 There nothing but two looms in the hall There something wrong with the machine A was is B was are C were is D were are 20 He is one of the boys who never late for school He is the only one of the boys who never late for school A is are B are are C are is D is is 21 What they have done of great use to us What he says and what he does agree A is not B is do not C are does not D are not 22 Every picture except these two Everything around us matter A have been sold is B have been sold are C has been sold is D has been sold are 23 A woman with two children coming up to us Mary along with her parents moved to Paris A is has B is have C are have D are has 24 one sixth of our classmates from peasant families One fifth of her time devoted to writing A comes is B come are C come is D comes are 25 Only 10 percent of the students in the class League members About 40 of Jim s income to the rent 租金 A are goes B are go C is goes D is go 26 It is this teacher who leaving for London It is you who next A are are B is are C are is D is is 27 The population of the earth increasing fast One third of the popu