网络工程师交换试验手册之八：RIPv1与RIPv2的兼容性实验

网络工程师交换试验手册之八 RIPv1 与 RIPv2 的兼容性实验 实验目的 测试 RIPv2 是否兼容 RIPv1 两者之间能否相互学习到对方的路由 并利用 DEBUG 观察路由更新的 信息 需要大家主意的是 这个实验的链路是帧中继链路 这个链路的 DLCI 号码已经在拓扑中标识 了 希望大家参考 但是还是要根据我们华思世纪学习认证中心现在给大家提供的实验拓扑来对照 实验拓扑 实验内容 1 路由器的基本配置 R1 上的基本配置 interface Loopback0 ip address 1 1 1 1 255 255 255 0 interface Ethernet0 no ip address shutdown interface Serial0 no ip address shutdown interface Serial1 ip address 192 168 10 3 255 255 255 0 encapsulation frame relay frame relay map ip 192 168 10 3 102 broadcast frame relay map ip 192 168 10 4 102 broadcast frame relay map ip 192 168 10 5 103 broadcast no frame relay inverse arp R2 上的基本配置 interface Loopback0 ip address 2 2 2 2 255 255 255 0 interface Loopback1 ip address 2 2 3 2 255 255 255 0 interface Ethernet0 no ip address shutdown interface Serial0 ip address 192 168 10 4 255 255 255 0 encapsulation frame relay frame relay map ip 192 168 10 3 201 broadcast frame relay map ip 192 168 10 4 201 broadcast frame relay map ip 192 168 10 5 201 broadcast no frame relay inverse arp R3 上的基本配置 interface Loopback0 ip address 3 3 3 3 255 255 255 0 interface Ethernet0 no ip address shutdown interface Serial0 ip address 192 168 10 5 255 255 255 0 encapsulation frame relay frame relay map ip 192 168 10 3 301 broadcast frame relay map ip 192 168 10 4 301 broadcast frame relay map ip 192 168 10 5 301 broadcast no frame relay inverse arp 2 在所有的路由器上启动 RIPv1 R1 上启动 RIPv1 router rip network 1 0 0 0 network 192 168 10 0 R2 上启动 RIPv1 router rip network 2 0 0 0 network 192 168 10 0 R3 上启动 RIPv1 router rip network 3 0 0 0 network 192 168 10 0 3 查看此时各个路由器的路由表 R1 的路由表 R3 show ip route Codes C connected S static I IGRP R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 E EGP i IS IS L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 1 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets C 1 1 1 0 is directly connected Loopback0 R 2 0 0 0 8 120 1 via 192 168 10 4 00 00 22 Serial1 R 3 0 0 0 8 120 1 via 192 168 10 5 00 00 19 Serial1 C 192 168 10 0 24 is directly connected Serial1 R2 的路由表 R4 show ip route Codes C connected S static I IGRP R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 E EGP i IS IS L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set R 1 0 0 0 8 120 1 via 192 168 10 3 00 00 05 Serial0 2 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 2 subnets C 2 2 2 0 is directly connected Loopback0 C 2 2 3 0 is directly connected Loopback1 R 3 0 0 0 8 120 2 via 192 168 10 3 00 00 05 Serial0 C 192 168 10 0 24 is directly connected Serial0 R3 的路由表 R5 show ip route Codes C connected S static I IGRP R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 E EGP i IS IS L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set R 1 0 0 0 8 120 1 via 192 168 10 3 00 00 27 Serial0 R 2 0 0 0 8 120 2 via 192 168 10 3 00 00 27 Serial0 3 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets C 3 3 3 0 is directly connected Loopback0 C 192 168 10 0 24 is directly connected Serial0 从各个路由器上的路由表可知 RIPv1 不支持 VLSM 并且 RIPv2 不能接受 RIPv1 的路由 但是 RIPv1 能够接受 RIPv2 的路由 此处验证了 RIPv1 能够兼容 RIPv12 而 RIPv2 不能兼容 RIPv1 将 R4 上的 RIPv1 更改成 RIPv2 R4 config router rip R4 config router version 2 R4 config router no auto summary 去掉自动汇总 R4 config router net 2 2 3 0 R4 config router net 2 2 2 0 查看此时的 R3 的路由表 R3 上的路由表 R3 show ip route Codes C connected S static I IGRP R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 E EGP i IS IS L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 1 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets C 1 1 1 0 is directly connected Loopback0 2 0 0 0 8 is variably subnetted 3 subnets 2 masks R 2 2 2 0 24 120 1 via 192 168 10 4 00 00 09 Serial1 R 2 0 0 0 8 120 3 via 192 168 10 5 00 00 04 Serial1 R 2 2 3 0 24 120 1 via 192 168 10 4 00 00 09 Serial1 R 3 0 0 0 8 120 1 via 192 168 10 5 00 00 04 Serial1 C 192 168 10 0 24 is directly connected Serial1 有路由表 2 2 2 0 24 和 2 2 3 0 24 可知 RIPv2 支持 VLSM 所以 R4 没有将这两条路由汇总 而是直 接传送给 R3 将所有的路由器均改为 RIPv2 R5 config router rip R5 config router ver 2 R3 config router rip R3 config router ver 2 查看此时的各个路由器 上的路由表 R3 show ip route Codes C connected S static I IGRP R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 E EGP i IS IS L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 1 0 0 0 8 is variably subnetted 2 subnets 2 masks R 1 0 0 0 8 120 2 via 192 168 10 5 00 00 16 Serial1 C 1 1 1 0 24 is directly connected Loopback0 2 0 0 0 8 is variably subnetted 3 subnets 2 masks R 2 0 0 0 8 120 3 via 192 168 10 5 00 00 16 Serial1 R 2 2 2 0 24 120 1 via 192 168 10 4 00 00 00 Serial1 R 2 2 3 0 24 120 1 via 192 168 10 4 00 00 00 Serial1 R 3 0 0 0 8 120 1 via 192 168 10 5 00 00 16 Serial1 C 192 168 10 0 24 is directly connected Serial1 R4 show ip route Codes C connected S static I IGRP R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 E EGP i IS IS L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set R 1 0 0 0 8 120 1 via 192 168 10 3 00 00 21 Serial0 2 0 0 0 8 is variably subnetted 3 subnets 2 masks R 2 0 0 0 8 120 2 via 192 168 10 3 00 00 21 Serial0 C 2 2 2 0 24 is directly connected Loopback0 C 2 2 3 0 24 is directly connected Loopback1 R 3 0 0 0 8 120 2 via 192 168 10 3 00 00 21 Serial0 C 192 168 10 0 24 is directly connected Serial0 R5 show ip route Codes C connected S static I IGRP R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 E EGP i IS IS L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set R 1 0 0 0 8 120 1 via 192 168 10 3 00 00 25 Serial0 R 2 0 0 0 8 120 2 via 192 168 10 3 00 00 25 Serial0 3 0 0 0 8 is variably subnetted 2 subnets 2 masks R 3 0 0 0 8 120 2 via 192 168 10 3 00 00 25 Serial0 C 3 3 3 0 24 is directly connected Loopback0 C 192 168 10 0 24 is directly connected Serial0 仔细观察 R3 上的路由 这里多个 1 0 0 0 8 is variably subnetted 2 subnets 2 masks R 1 0 0 0 8 120 2 via 192 168 10 5 00 00 16 Serial1 而 1 0 0 0 8 是 R3 上的 LOOP0 口 所以这里 发生了路由环路 工作中我们一定要小心避免路由环路问题 总结 RIPv1 与 RIPv2 之间的兼容性 以及 RIPv2 和 RIPv1 是否对 VLSM 的支持 RIPv2 支持 VLSM RIPv1 兼容 RIPv2 4 debug ip rip 观察 RIPv2 的链路信息 R5 debug ip rip RIP protocol debugging is on R5 05 51 45 RIP ignored v1 packet from 192 168 10 3 illegal version 05 51 56 RIP sending v2 update to 224 0 0 9 via Loopback0 3 3 3 3 05 51 56 RIP build update entries 05 51 56 1 0 0 0 8 via 0 0 0 0 metric 2 tag 0 05 51 56 2 0 0 0 8 via 0 0 0 0 metric 3 tag 0 05 51 56 192 168 10 0 24 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 05 51 56 RIP sending v2 update to 224 0 0 9 via Serial0 192 168 10 5 05 51 56 RIP build update entries 05 51 56 1 0 0 0 8 via 0 0 0 0 metric 2 tag 0 05 51 56 2 0 0 0 8 via 0 0 0 0 metric 3 tag 0 05 51 56 3 0 0 0 8 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 05 51 56 192 168 10 0 24 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 05 51 56 RIP ignored v2 packet from 3 3 3 3 sourced from one of our addresse 05 52 27 RIP build flash update entries 05 52 27 1 0 0 0 8 via 0 0 0 0 metric 16 tag 0 05 52 27 2 0 0 0 8 via 0 0 0 0 metric 16 tag 0 05 52 27 RIP sending v2 flash update to 224 0 0 9 via Serial0 192 168 10 5 05 52 27 RIP build flash update entries 05 52 27 1 0 0 0 8 via 0 0 0 0 metric 16 tag 0 05 52 27 2 0 0 0 8 via 0 0 0 0 metric 16 tag 0 05 52 27 RIP ignored v2 packet from 3 3 3 3 sourced from one of our addresses 05 52 41 RIP ignored v1 packet from 192 168 10 3 illegal version 05 52 51 RIP sending v2 update to 224 0 0 9 via Loopback0 3 3 3 3 05 52 51 RIP build update entries 05 52 51 1 0 0 0 8 via 0 0 0 0 metric 16 tag 0 05 52 51 2 0 0 0 8 via 0 0 0 0 metric 16 tag 0 05 52 51 192 168 10 0 24 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 05 52 51 RIP sending v2 update to 224 0 0 9 via Serial0 192 168 10 5 05 52 51 RIP build update entries 05