英语动词不定式大全

英语动词不定式大全英语动词不定式大全 动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词 它在句中起的是名词 形容词或副词的 作用 可在句子中作主语 宾语 定语 状语和宾语补足语 动词不定式的形式 是 to 动词原形 但 to 有时要省去 动词不定式在具体运用时 用不用 to 取 决于谓语动词的用法 一 带 to 的不定式结构 1 我们学过的能直接跟带 to 的不定式结构的动词主要有 want ask tell hope learn try decide forget remember like love stop go come 等 2 动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加 not 即 not to do sth 例 如 Jim told me not to wake up Kate 吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特 二 不带 to 的不定式结构 以下几种情况使用不带 to 的动词不定式 1 在固定词组 had better 之后 注意 had better 的否定形式是 had better not do sth 例如 You had better go home now 你最好现在回家 It s cold outside You d better not go out 外面很冷 你最好不要出 去 2 在 let make see feel watch hear 等感官或使役动词后 要跟不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语 例如 I made them give me the money back 我迫使他们把钱还给我 I didn t see you come in 我没看见你进来 3 在引导疑问句的 why not 之后 Why not 不带 to 的不定式 是 Why don t you do 的省略 可以用来提出 建议或劝告 例如 Why not go with us 为什么不和我们一起去呢 Why not take a holiday Why don t you take a holiday 为什么不休 个假呢 三 动词不定式作主语 不定式结构作主语时 现代英语倾向于采用 it 作形式主语 而把不定式结构 后置的形式 参见本期本面 小鬼 it 它当家 中 it 作形式主语的用法 四 动词不定式作定语 不定式作定语 要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面 例如 I have nothing to say on this question 对这个问题我无可奉告 五 动词不定式作宾语 有的及物动词要求跟复合宾语 即宾语 宾语补足语 如果其中的宾语是不 定式短语 则必须将形式宾语 it 放在宾语的位置上 而将不定式短语 真正的宾 语 放在宾语补足语之前 例如 I find it useful to learn English well 我发现学好英语很有用 We thought it wrong not to tell her 我们认为不告诉她是错误的 六 动词不定式作宾语补足语 动词不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法的一个重点 学习时要注意以下 三种情况 1 作动词 ask like tell 等的宾语补足语时 动词不定式符号 to 不可以 省略 例如 He asked me to talk about English study 他请我谈谈英语学习 2 作使役动词 let have make 以及感官动词 feel hear see watch 等 的宾语补足语时 动词不定式符号 to 要省略 例如 The teacher made him say the word like this 老师让他像这样说这个 单词 3 作动词 help 的宾语补足语时 动词不定式符号 to 可以带 也可以不带 例如 Could you help me to carry the heavy box 你能帮我搬这个重箱子 吗 七 动词不定式作状语 动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性 可在句中用作状语 1 放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等 例如 He stopped to have a rest 他停下来休息 2 跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面 例如 I m sorry to hear that 听到这事我感到很难过 3 用在 too to 结构中 例如 He is too young to understand all that 他太年轻了 不能理解这件事 有些动词后面跟 to do 和动词 ing 形式所表达的意思不同 这类动词有 remember forget regret try mean go on stop 等 如 I told him of the matter again for I forgot having met him after the accident Don t forget to lock the door It is not safe enough here try to do 努力做某事 try doing 尝试做某事 He tried to work out the problem He tried working out the problem in another way mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味着 What Did you mean to leave by train Missing the train means waiting for an hour regret to do 因没做某事而遗憾 抱歉 regret doing 因做过 某事而遗憾 后悔 I regret to say I can t help you I regret saying such silly words go on to do 继续另外一件事 go on doing 继续同一件事 stop to do 停下去做另外一件事 stop doing 停下正在做的事 prefer I prefer reading to going shopping on weekends I would prefer to spend the weekend at home rather than drive allow advise forbid permit Sorry we don t allow smoking in the lecture room We don t allow people to smoke here I wouldn t advise taking the car there s nowhere to park I wouldn t advise you to take the car need want require deserve need to be done need doing ing 动词短语的用法动词短语的用法 一一 动词的动词的 ing 形式作定语形式作定语 running waterrunning shoesflying fishflying suit living thingsliving conditionsdancing wavesa waiting bus a waiting rooma swimming boya swimming poola writing desk China is a developing country The man talking with our headmaster is Tom s father Do you know the three children walking toward us 二二 动词的动词的 ing 形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语 动词的 ing 形式可以在某些动词如 see hear notice watch keep find get have feel 等词后 与一个名词或代词构成复合宾语 1 Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window 2 I m sorry to have kept you waiting 3 Do you see a girl running towards us 4 I can t have you catching cold 5 Did you see a strange man go going to the building 三三 动词的动词的 ing 连用的重要句型连用的重要句型 1 have difficulty trouble problem fun pleasure a good time a hard time in dong sth e g We had no difficulty problem trouble in finding his house I had a good time living with the neighbour We had much fun pleasure talking with him 2 There s no need use harm hurry knowing in doing sth e g There s no use making an excuse for this There s no need waiting for him There s no hurry getting ready for this 3 feel like doing 4 be in the habit of doing sth 5 on doing sth e g On hearing the news I changed my play As soon as I heard the news I changed my play 6 be worth doing 四四 动词的动词的 ing 形式作主语形式作主语 1 Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language 2 Studying abroad is very difficult in the first few months 3 Seeing is believing 动词的动词的 ing 形式作主语时常用句型 形式作主语时常用句型 1 It s no good use doing sth It s no good use having a car if you can t drive 2 It s great fun doing sth It s great fun to prepare preparing for a party 3 It s a waste of time doing sth It s a waste of time talking to him 4 It s interesting foolish nice difficult doing sth e g It s interesting organizing to organize a dance 5 There is no e g There s no joking about such matters There s no saying what may happen 无法估计将会发生什么事 五五 动词的动词的 ing 形式作表语形式作表语 1 My hobby is colleting stamps 2 The real problem is getting to know the needs of the students 注 动词的 ing 形式和不定式都可以作主语或表语 一般来说 在表示抽象笼统的一般动作 时多用动词的 ing 形式 在表示具体某次动作 特别是将来的动作时 多用不定式 如 1 Smoking is not allowed here 2 It isn t good for you to smoke so much 3 My job is typing letters and papers 4 My job now is to type these letters and papers 六六 动词的动词的 ing 形式作宾语形式作宾语 1 只接动词的只接动词的 ing 形式作宾语的动词和动词短语形式作宾语的动词和动词短语 finish complete suggest avoid stop mind enjoy delay practice advise consider escape miss imagine risk prevent appreciate resist keep on give up put off get through dislike can t help burst into succeed in feel like be fond of keep on stop prevent from be used to doing spend on be interested in 2 两者都可以 但区别较大者 两者都可以 但区别较大者 1 remember forget regret 2 try 3 mean 4 like prefer hate love 抽象 笼统与具体 特定 e g I hate speaking before a big audience I hate to say so but I really can t go I love doing comedies I d love to go to the cinema now 5 start begin 在以下三种情况下 只用不定式作宾语 a 主语是物不是人 The weather began started to get fine b start 和 begin 用于进行时 He s beginning starting to cook the dinner c 后跟表示情感 意念或思想的动词 I began started to realize that I was wrong 6 stop 7 go on 七 动词的动词的 ing 形式作状语形式作状语 1 Arriving there he made up his mind t go in 2 Not knowing her telephone number I couldn t get in touch with her 3 Helen was sitting by the window reading a novel 4 His parents died leaving him a lot of money 当动词的动词的 ing 形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前 应使用完成式 即 形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前 应使用完成式 即 having done 如 如 1 Having finished homework he rushed out to play football 2 Having invited him to give us a talk we d better go to listen to him 3 Having been ill for a long time he needed time to recover 动词的动词的 ing 形式还有被动式 表示与句