英语介绍中国武术(功夫)

Chinese Martial m l Arts 中国武术中国武术 The origin of Chinese Martial arts 中国武术的起源中国武术的起源 Wushu in China goes back to ancient times originating from productive laboring of the ancient ancestry 祖 先 In the primitive society being out numbered 数目超过 by animals facilitated with only simple tools and inferior 差的 in fi ri productive forces people had to survive by gathering in groups They lived on hunting with rocks and sticks Hitting 打 with their hands kicking with their feet and cutting chopping 砍 or stabbing 刺 with simple weapons they performed all kinds of movements which displayed certain skills of defense or attacking These performances made up the substantial background of Wushu In the clan kl n 部落 society there often occurred battles between the tribes Armed forces became the means of plundering pl nd 掠夺 Bows arrows casting stones and other rocky items appeared as weapons being improved gradually according to the needs of fight When having a rest especially when celebrating their triumphs trai mf mf 胜利 people danced to the imitations of defending and attacking movements stabbing blowing and kicking After prolonged pr u l d 持久的 accumulation the experiences began to be raised to the level of consciousness hence Wushu came into being Brief introduction of Chinese Martial Arts 武术简介武术简介 Chinese Wushu with a history of several millennia 千年 has become a traditional Chinese culture In feudal society it was banned and suppressed 镇压 by rulers but it thrived among the common people instead of dying out This evinces 表明 that the strong attraction and vitality of Wushu in China Wushu is characterized not only by exterior beauty found in postures movements and techniques but also deep interior beauty emphasizing life essence vital energy and spirit 武术不仅以外在的形体美著称 如架势 动作以及技巧 而且其内在美更为独特 被称为 生活之本 力量之源 The essence of Wushu rests on the theories of Yin and Yang the five elements and eight diagrams dai r m 武术的本质是阴阳学说 五行学说和八卦理论 Styles of Chinese martial arts can be categorized as the Northern style and the Southern style according to the geographical regions divided by the Huanghe River The practice of Wushu is a hard task it takes time and requires arduous dju s 费力的 efforts With the development of modern science and technology Wushu movies and TV dramas have become very popular The present different schools and style of Wushu embodies the wisdom and culture of all the ethnic groups in China Taiji Boxing 太极拳太极拳 Taiji Boxing is characterized by the unification of mind breath and motions body It requires concentration of mind and calmness of motions Mind works as a commander and body a soldier When in motion all of the body moves When at rest all of the body rests Calmness is required for motion Simple force is not preferred Force is like a wheel and waist is its axis The motions are continuous as a circle The breath is deep and controlled by the diaphragm Be concentrated gentle and natural Be stable as a mountain when not moving and be flowing as a river when moving The moves are characterized by roundness softness slowness stability and evenness They are extended but very well coordinated 协调 and all are an antithetical 对立的 unity of Yin and Yang negative and positive Chinese Gongfu is a very important and unique form of Chinese culture It can be viewed as both a popular and a classical art today it is very common and widespread on the other hand it has had a very long developed history Not only did it not decline and disappear as many other facets of pre modern Chinese culture it even seems to be gaining much recognition both in its actual practice and in its relative literature thetics philosophy psychology etc are more and more intriguing in tri i 有趣的 Chinese Gongfu possesses an important and extensive cross cultural 跨文化的 significance Western culture has of course a great influence on the path of Chinese modernization Meanwhile Chinese culture is also making an impact on Western culture the popularity of Chinese Gongfu including Taijiquan Qigong etc is not limited to China but has become a worldwide phenomenon it thus is a typical example of this reverse impact As it includes different aspects such as fighting exercise eks saiz and health care daily life and academic study 学术研究 natural state and social scope research on Gongfu could shed a wholly h uli new light on these interrelated phenomena in an intercultural context think that if the research sets out 出发 from aesthetics i s etiks 美学 perspective people can more easily comprehend 理解 the characters of the popularity and fashion of Gongfu as art and if Gongfu research starts with the aesthetic method namely perceptually comprehensive method the profoundness 深奥 namely multi gradation and multi orientation of its intercultural significance can be explained in a correspondingly simply way thus the research on Gongfu will more effectively oppose the cultural centered views so as to raise a new subject and even open up a new path for modern international academia k di mi 学术界 1 Beauty of form of Wushu and Chinese Art Many westerners find the action and routines of Chinese Wushu Martial Art to be quite spectacular but also ask if a real Gongfu fight would look so impressive This really involves a very interesting problem Chinese Gongfu has not only practical goals but also embodies the pursuit and appreciation of beauty 2 Beauty of mood of Qigong and the wisdom of Taoist School and Chan sect 禅宗 Chinese Gongfu includes both Wushu and Qigong In fact the higher level of most of Wushu martial arts is Qigong Qigong exercise has created aesthetic miracles 奇迹 of life and culture which modern sports cannot hope to reach 3 Being beauty of Gongfu and Tao ontological aesthetics Gongfu aesthetics studies both the outside beauty of form and the inner beauty of spirit Moreover it may involve ontology n t l d i 本体论 存在论 being philosophy of beauty of life Chinese martial arts known in Mandarin m nd rin 国语 as wushu 武术 and popularly as kungfu Chinese 功夫 consist of a number of fighting styles that were developed over the centuries Those fighting styles can be classified according to common themes that are identified as families 家 sects 派 or schools 门 of martial arts Example of themes are physical exercises that mimic mimik 模仿 movements from animals or a history and training method that gather inspiration from various Chinese philosophies myths and legends Some styles focus on the harnessing of qi 运气 and are labeled internal 内 家 拳 while others concentrate on improving muscle and cardiovascular k di u v skjul fitness 心血管健康 and are labeled external 外 家 拳 Geographical association as in northern 北 拳 and southern 南 拳 is another popular method of categorization Each fighting style offers a different approach to the common problems of self defense health and self cultivation 修养 from a Chinese perspective 观点 Kung fu or gongfu or gung fu 功夫 Pinyin g ngfu is a Chinese term often used by speakers of the English language to refer to Chinese martial arts Its original meaning is somewhat different referring to one s expertise eksp ti z 专门技术 in any skill not necessarily martial The Chinese literal equivalent of Chinese martial art would be 中國武術 zh nggu w sh In its original meaning kung fu can refer to any skill G ngfu 功夫 is a compound of two words combining 功 g ng meaning achievement or merit merit 优点 and 夫 f which translates into man so that a literal rendering 翻译 would be human achievement Its connotation k n u tei n 内涵 is that of an accomplishment arrived at by great effort In Mandarin when two first tone words such as g ng and f are combined the second word often takes a neutral nju tr l 中性的 tone in this case forming g ngfu Originally to practice kung fu did not just mean to practice Chinese martial arts Instead it referred to the process of one s training the strengthening of the body and the mind the learning and the perfection of one s skills rather than to what was being trained It refers to excellence achieved through long practice in any endeavor in dev 努力 You can say that a person s kung fu is good in cooking or that someone has kung fu in calligraphy k li r fi 书法 saying that a person possesses kung fu in an area implies skill in that area which they have worked hard to develop Someone with bad kung fu simply has not put enough time and effort into training or seems to lack the motivation 积极性 to do so Kung fu is also a name used for the elaborate 精心制作的 Fujian tea ceremony Kung fu cha The term kung fu was not popularly used in the sense of Chinese martial art until the 20th century thus the word would be seldom found in any ancient texts citation needed The term was first known to have been reported by the French Jesuit missionary mi n ri 传教士 Jean Joseph Marie Amiot in the 18th century The term was uncommon in the mainstream 主流 English language until the late 1960s when it became popular due to Hong Kong films Bruce Lee 李小龙 and later the television series Kung Fu Before the 1960s Kung Fu was referred to primarily as Chinese boxing In contemporary 当代的 hacker h k 黑客 culture the fu has been generalized to a suffix 后缀 implying that the thing suffixed involves great skill or effort For example one may talk of script fu to refer to complicated scripting It is unknown whether this was consciously based on the original broader meaning of the term or whether it was a simple wordplay on the less general Western notion of kung fu It is well known that Chinese gongfu is the Chinese traditional cultures and crystallization of the Chine