Sentence-Stress--语句重音

Sentence Stress 语句重音 一 语句重音 一 语句重音指的是人们在朗读连贯的语句时哪些词要重读哪些词不重读的规 则 下面介绍的是有关语句重音的最一般的但却是最重要的规则 一 在连贯的语句中需要重读的词有 名词 形容词 数词 实义动词 副词 某些代词 指示代词等 疑问词 叹词等 这条规则可以用四个词来总 结 实词重读 1 名词 一般情况下名词在句中应重读 例如 An elephant is an animal 大象是一种动物 2 形容词一般都有语句重音 如 Her shirt is blue and white 她的裙子是蓝 白色 3 数词分为基数词和序数词 两者在句 中都应重读 例如 John is nine 约翰 9 岁 My second brother is a doctor 我的二哥是个医生 4 实义动词实义动词有完整的意义 能在句中作谓 语 一般都有语句重音 例如 Mary loves her dolls 玛丽爱她的洋娃娃 She sings well 她很会唱歌 5 副词大都在句中要重读 如 speaks English slowly and carefully 他说起英语来又慢又小心 6 代词指具有语句重音 的代词 如 指示代词 this that these those 返身代词 myself yourself himself 如 He himself hurt his own feet 是他自己伤着了自 己的脚 不定代词 some every all both none other many few somebody something 等等 如 Everybody was late 每个人都迟到了 We are many they are few 我们人多 他们人少 Some are red some are blue 有一些是红色的 有些是蓝色的 疑问代词 who whom whose what which 等 如 Who is that 那是谁 Whose bag can it be 这能是谁的 包呢 What would you like to eat 你想吃点什么 Which is your sister 哪位是你的姐妹 7 叹词 叹词在句中一般都要重读 例如 Oh it s snowing 啊 在下雪 Hey that s a nice shot 嗨 那是个好球 My what a downpour 哎呀 好大的雨啊 Dear me 表示惊讶 哎呀 语句重音 二 二 在连贯的语句中不重读的词有 1 冠词 冠词有两种 a 或 an the 两者在句中一般都不重读 2 代词 指没有语句重音的代词 如 人称代词 I me you he him she her 等 物主代词 my your his her its or their 3 动词 指非实义动词 如 助动词 be am is are were was shall should will would have has had do does did 情态动词 can could may might must have to has to had to shall should will would ought to dare need used to 等 这些情态动词在语句中一 般没有重音 4 连词 一般在句中不重读的连词有 等立连词 如 and or for but 比较连词 如 as than 从属连词 如 if when while since now that as if though 等 5 介词 介词 尤其是单音节介词 如出现在句子中间时一般不重读 常 见的单音节介词有 at by for from of to into 等 CONTENT WORDSFUNCTION WORDS electron lens radius species strata expel irrigate maintain revolve transact crucial feasible legal obsolete valid annually arbitrarily optionally pragmatically theoretically mine yours his hers theirs this that these those e g This looks interesting who what when where not can t isn t the a an be have do I you s he we they this that these those e g I like this university in on over near to and because yet so 上面讲解的只是语句重音的一般规则 但语句重音并不是一成不变的语音 现象 根据说话时的不同心态 不同的着重点 不同的强调内容 不同的语气 等可以使原来在句中应重读的词失去重音 而原来不重读的词却又成了重读的 词 这些较为特殊 复杂的规则就无法在语音小常识中做详细的讲解 只能留 到以后的学习阶段再来学习 探讨了 Sentence Stress Since speech is made up of words strung together we must also look at these words in groups in phrases or in sentences in order to observe what happens to the stress pattern In natural connected speech for various reasons some words are stressed others are not The stress in a sentence is called sentence stress 句重音 Sentence stress can be classified into three types sense stress 表意重音 logical stress 逻辑重音 and emotional stress 感情重音 I Sense stress Sense stress is a very common phenomenon in connected speech The distribution of such stresses is subject to the meaning that the speaker wishes to convey In normal speech we put stress on words semantically important Such words are called content or lexical words 实词 such as nouns adjectives adverbs notional verbs numerals interjections demonstrative interrogative pronouns and the absolute form of the possessive pronouns the unimportant ones are called form or structural words 虚词或结构词 which are used to join together the words that carry meaning In unemphatic speech such words are usually unstressed They are articles monosyllabic prepositions monosyllabic conjunctions personal pronouns possessive pronouns reciprocal pronouns reflexives and relative pronouns auxiliary and modal verbs and verb to BE Examples for words with sentence stress 1 Nouns John is a teacher from A merican 2 Adjectives What a beautiful sight 3 Adverbs I ve seldom met him recently 4 Notional verbs They would die rather than yield 5 Numerals Two plus three equals five His ad dress is forty six Linden Street 6 Interjections Oh it s Vwonderful 7 Demonstrative pronouns This is our college 8 Interrogative pronouns Who was that on the phone 9 The absolute form of possessive pronouns This book is mine And yours is over there Examples for words with no sentence stress 1 Articles He is a teacher of English This is the book I want 2 Monosyllabic prepositions He was sur prised at her attitude 3 Monosyllabic conjunctions John Henry and Robert all went but Peter didn t 4 Personal possessive reciprocal reflexive and relative pronouns He taught us English His brother is my best friend Let s learn from each other They help one another in their work She thought herself better than anyone else Do you know the man who is sitting there 5 Auxiliary and modal verbs They have been in the countryside recently You may go now 6 Link verb to BE He is a good comrade Special cases with no stress on content words 1 A content word which appears for the second time in a sentence or in a short context is not stressed How many times have you been there Three times He thinks of that as a child thinks 2 If a noun is preceded by another qualifying noun the second one is often unstressed And these two nouns are often connected by the sense actually they may be considered as compound words e g That is our classroom building I met her at the railway station 3 To avoid repetition we often use substitute words These substitute words usually have no sentence stress Which dictionary do you want That small one Will he come tomorrow Yes I think so 4 When demonstrative pronouns this that these those indicate very weak demonstrativeness and are only the equivalent to the word it or the definite article the they are unstressed I can easily do this It is necessary to take these pre cautions 5 In phrases this morning this afternoon etc the demonstrative pronoun this is not stressed We are rived this morning 6 In exclamatory sentences such words as what how are usually unstressed What a horrible day How thoughtful she is 7 The word street never bears sentence stress in street names Oxford Street High Street Special cases with stress on form words 1 Auxiliaries modals and link verb to BE bear sentence stress in the following cases a When they are in the in the initial position of a sentence they are stressed Do you like it Can I help you Are you a freshman b When they are in the final position used as short answers to general questions they are stressed Do you like it Yes I do Can you finish in time Yes I can Are you a freshman Yes I am c If they are in contracted negative forms they are stressed It doesn t matter He isn t a doctor I can t ac crept it 2 Modal verbs may can must ought to are usually stressed in the following cases a When may expresses the meaning of possibility it bears sentence stress They may come this evening b When can expresses the meaning of astonishment it bears sentence stress Can it be five al ready c When must ought to express the meaning of strong certainty and expectation they are stressed He must be in the room You ought to have been there 3 Prepositions may be stressed when they are at the beginning of a sentence and followed by an unstressed syllable In the box he found a letter 4 Subordinate conjunctions are usually stressed when they are at the beginning of a sentence and followed by an unstressed word If you wish I ll help you When he comes I ll tell him a bout it 5 Reflexive pronouns in emphatic use are usually stressed He couldn t come him self Logical Stress Apart from sense stress there is another kind of stress which is called logical stress The distribution of such stresses is subject to the speaker s will The speaker may put stress on any word he wishes to emphasize So a word logically stressed may stand at the beginning in the middle or at the end of a sentence and it usually implies some idea of