智能家居技术外文翻译

外文翻译原文及译文 学 院计算机学院 专 业计算机科学与技术 班 级 学 号 姓 名 指导教师 负责教师 2012 年 6 月 1 Smart Home Technology Link your home s lighting entertainment and security systems with new automated home technology Smart home is expected to offer various intelligent services by recognizing residents along with their life style and feelings One of the key issues for realizing the smart home is how to detect the locations of residents Currently the research effort is focused on two approaches terminal based and non terminal based methods The terminal based method employs a type of device that should be carried by the resident while the non terminal based method requires no such device There is a growing interest in smart home as a way to offer a convenient comfortable and safe residential environment In general the smart home aims to offer appropriate intelligent services to actively assist in the resident s life such as housework amusement rest and sleep Hence in order to enhance the resident s convenience and safety devices such as home appliances multimedia appliances and internet appliances should be connected via a home network system as shown in Fig 1 and they should be controlled or monitored remotely using a television TV or personal digital assistant PDA Especially attention has been focused on location based services as a way to offer high quality intelligent services while considering human factors such as pattern of living health and feelings of a resident That is if the smart home can recognize the resident s pattern of living or health then home appliances should be able to anticipate the resident s needs and offer appropriate intelligent service more actively For example in a passive service environment the resident controls the operation of the HVAC heating ventilating and air conditioning system while the smart home would control the temperature and humidity of a room according to the resident s condition Various indoor location aware systems have been developed to recognize the resident s location in the smart home or 2 smart office In general indoor location aware systems have been classified into three types according to the measurement technology triangulation scene analysis and proximity methods 8 The triangulation method uses multiple distances from multiple known points Examples include Active Badges Active Bats and Easy Living which use infrared sensors ultrasonic sensors and vision sensors respectively The scene analysis method examines a view from a particular vantage point Representative examples of the scene analysis method are MotionStar which uses a DC magnetic tracker and RADAR which uses IEEE 802 11 wireless local area network LAN Finally the proximity method measures nearness to a known set of points An example of the proximity method is Smart Floor which uses pressure sensors Alternatively indoor location aware systems can be classified according to the need for a terminal that should be carried by the resident Terminal based methods such as Active Bats do not recognize the resident s location directly but perceive the location of a device carried by the resident such as an infrared transceiver or radio frequency identification RFID tag Therefore it is impossible to recognize the resident s location if he or she is not carrying the device In contrast non terminal methods such as Easy Living and Smart Floor can find the resident s location without such devices However Easy Living can be regarded to invade the resident s privacy while the Smart Floor has difficulty with extendibility and maintenance Home automation has come a long way from the manual timer hooked up to the living room light Today s smart home automatically regulates heat air and light distributes audio and video around the house controls access to your home and can even remind you to exercise New technologies and product advances have made home technology systems more affordable than ever and have brought home systems integration into the mainstream According to a study done in 2004 by the National Association of Home Builders Research Center and the Consumer Electronics Association nearly half of all new homes being built in the U S are now using structured copper smart wiring to enable the installation of new home technology systems 3 How it Works There are four main types of networks you can install in your home to support the available new technology Each has its advantages and disadvantages depending on whether you are wiring a new home or upgrading an existing home Structured wiring involves running specialized high performance cabling throughout your home It provides a highly reliable and secure network that distributes data signals for phones computers TVs and audio components It s ideal for new construction but not always easy to install in an existing home Also networking is limited to the reach of cables jacks and plugs Wireless networks provide the advantages of flexibility and mobility and virtually eliminate the wiring dilemmas often faced by existing homeowners However wireless networks tend to be less reliable and subject to interference from other devices such as baby monitors and cordless phones Power line networks use a home s existing electrical lines to transmit data They are relatively easy to set up and operate but carry the risk of power surges and an unencrypted household network may be accessible to neighbors sharing the same transformer Phone line networks use a home s telephone lines to carry multiple services Typically each service is assigned a unique frequency spectrum so they don t interfere with one another Smart home technology may also enable you to dial in via a phone line to control specific home operating systems and or be pre set to dial out to a monitoring service in the case of a fire or break in While the possibilities for home automation are only limited by your imagination the choices facing the average homeowner may seem daunting The good news is that you do not need to become a technological expert in order to enhance your home s capabilities A home technology integrator can design implement and tie together your home s various electronic systems These include Entertainment You may have been impressed by a friend s home theatre setup one night when they popped a movie in their DVD player and gave you the large screen surround sound experience But why not take this experience further Using fairly simple 4 automation technology you could push a movie button on a touch pad in your family room The lights would dim the blinds would close the popcorn maker would spring into action the fridge would check for adequate ice levels for your soda and your calls would be automatically forwarded straight to your answering service With a little creativity and planning all these events can be achieved using a home network It would be equally simple using motion sensors and your stereo system to play music every time you enter a room in your home something upbeat perhaps for the home gym maybe classical music for your study the possibilities are endless Or you could sit in your living room and select the music you want to listen to via on screen menus that are displayed on your TV You could even monitor your children s television and video game habits when you re not at home by programming the network to alert your cell phone if your children watch too much television or inappropriate programming Or you can simply program the TV or gaming console to shut off after a certain amount of time Security Using smart home automation technology you can program your lights to simulate normal in home activity when you re away For example some time around your regular bedtime your bedroom lights and TV will turn on while the rest of the house will be darkened And this lighting routine can be set up to change on the weekend To protect against break ins you can position web cams at home entrances and install an alarm system that uses heat and motion sensors to alert you and a remote security company in the case of an intruder In the case of fire your smoke detector can be wired to sound not just an alarm but also to send a signal to your air conditioning system fans to shut down alert you and specified contacts and illuminate an evacuation route throughout the house Energy Energy savings can be realized by automating thermostats lights and other environmental systems such as garden sprinklers and fountains Integrating all of these into one environmental system can help ensure a minimum waste of energy in your home For example on a hot sunny day weather sensors can activate blind and drapery controls to shade your home and ensure that your garden receives adequate irrigation at the right time of day Motion and occupancy sensors can activate heat and lighting controls 5 as you enter and exit rooms Today s new smart IR sensors represent a union of two rapidly evolving sciences that combine IR temperature measurement with high speed digital technologies usually associated with the computer These instruments are called smart sensors because they incorporate microprocessors programmed to act as transceivers for bidirectional serial communications between sensors on the manufacturing floor and computers in the control room see Photo 1 And because the circuitry is smaller the sensors are smaller simplifying installation in tight or awkward areas Integrating smart sensors into new or existing process control systems offers an immediate advantage to process control engineers in terms of providing a new level of sophistication in temperature monitoring and control When you leave for work in the morning your house could check for and turn off unnecessary energy consumers such as radios TVs stoves and irons a nice safety feature On your way home you could use your cell phone or computer to change the temperature in your home turn on lights turn on the radiant heat in your bathroom floor and fill the bathtub to just the right level for a nice long soak Appliances From toasters to fridges to picture frames the possibilities for networking computerized household appliances are limited only by your imagination and budget Your refrigerator can keep track of food expiration dates and act as a family message center via a built in screen Coffee makers and other small appliances such as toasters can be activated remotely or as part of a sequence of events You can even imitate Bill Gates and install framed electronic artwork that changes depending on the preference of the person who enters a room or purchase Internet connected picture frames that retrieve images from a gallery supplied by your friends and family for a constantly updated family portrait wall The key to making your home more comfortable enjoyable and safe through home automation is to follow three essential steps Plan Discuss automation needs and wants with your family members so you can plan ahead Take into consideration your home s layout in terms of traffic and furniture 6 Consult Talk to as many people as possible to get ideas and learn about their experiences with home automation what worked what didn t what do they wish they had done differently Decide What do you definitely want to be able to do What is optional Will you install the network yourself or leave it to a professional What kind of network and what types of technology best suit your needs Home automation from security systems to intelligent appliances is becoming an accessible reality With some careful planning and a little help you too can enjoy the benefits of a smart home Intelligent Homes Building Management Systems BMS encompasses an enormous variety of technologies across commercial industrial institutional and domestic buildings including energy management systems and building controls The function of Building Management Systems is central to Intelligent Buildings concepts its purpose is to control monitor and optimise building services eg lighting heating security TV and alarm systems access control audio visual and entertainment systems ventilation filtration and climate control etc even time the lights in your bedroom switch on fading up to allow you to wake up in your own time The downstairs intruder alarm system is de activated In the kitchen the coffee machine turns on to make a drink The ground floor curtains and blinds open the towel heater in the bathroom warms the towels And you haven t even got up yet 1 智能家居技术智能家居技术 链接您家的灯光 娱乐和安全系统的新的自动化家用技术 智能家居 是一种可以通过识别具有不同生活习惯和感觉的住户来提供各种不 同的智能服务 而实现这样的功能其中最关键的问题之一就是如何确定住户的位置 目前 研究工作只要集中于两种方法 终端方式和非终端方式 终端方式需要一种 住户随身携带的设备 而非终端方式则不需要这样的设备 现在由于人人都想有一个方便 舒适 安全的居住环境 因此大家对于智能家 居表现的越来越感兴趣 一般来说 智能家居旨在提供合适的智能服务来积极促进 住户更好的生活 比如家务劳动 娱乐 休息和睡眠 因此 为了提高住户的便捷 和安全 像家用电器 多媒体设备和互联网设备应通过家庭网络系统连接在一起 并且它们应通过电视或个人数字助理 PDA 来控制或远程监控 尤其要注意的是 作为一种提供高质量的智能服务 目标应集中于定位服务 同时考虑人为因素 比如住户的生活方式 健康状况和居住感受 也就是说 如果 智能家居能识别住户的生活方式或健康状况 那么家用电器应该能预见住户的需要 并能更主动的提供适合的智能服务 例如 在一个被动的服务环境下 需要住户控 制供热通风与空气调节系统 供暖 通风和空调 而智能家居将根据住户情况自 动调节房间的温湿度 智能家居或智能办公室的各种室内感应定位系统的已经研发 到能够识别住户的位置 一般来说 室内定位感应系统根据测量技术分为三种类型 三角测量 场景分析和接近方法 三角测量法是通过多个已知点来计算位置距离 运用三角测量法的例子包括 Active Badges Active Bats 和 Easy Living 它们分别运 用了红外传感器 超声波传感器和视觉传感器来实现的 场景解析法是检测一个场 景内的特定着眼点 场景解析法的典型例子是使用直流磁力跟踪器的 MotiveStar 和使用无线局域网络 LAN 标准 IEEE 802 11 的 RADAR 接近法则是以一组已知点 中最接近的点近似作为定位点 接近法的例子有使用压力传感器的 Smart Floor 另外 室内感应定位系统可以根据是否需要住户随身携带一种设备来分类 终 端方式 例如 Active Bats 不需要直接找到住户位置 但是可以感应到住户随身携 带的设备位置 例如红外收发器或者射频识别技术 RFID 标签 因此 如果住户 没有随声携带终端设备 那就不可能找到他 相反的 非终端方式如 Easy Living 和 2 Smart Floor 则不需要这种设备就能找到住户位置 然而 人们认为 Easy Living 侵犯 了住户隐私 Smart Floor 则是扩展和维护都比较困难 家庭自动化已经从挂接到客厅灯的手动计时很长的路要走 今天的 智能 家庭 自动调节热量 空气 光线 音频和视频房子周围分布 控制访问您的家庭 甚至 可以提醒你锻炼 新技术和产品的进步使家居更负担得起的技术系统 并比以往任何时候都纳入 主流家用系统集成 根据 2004 年所做的住宅建筑商研究中心和消费电子协会 几 乎所有的新家园一半协会的一项研究正在兴建中的美国正在利用结构铜 聪明 接线 使安装技术的新家园系统 它是如何工作它是如何工作 主要有四种类型的网络可以在家里安装 以支持现有的新技术 各有其优势和 根据您是否是一个新的家庭布线或升级现有的家庭缺点 结构化布线涉及专门高性能运行在您的整个家庭布线 它提供了一个 高度可靠和安全的网络 分销 产品用于手机的数据信号 电脑 电视和音 频组件 这对新建筑的理想 但并不总是很容易安装在现有的家 此外 网络仅限于电缆范围 插座和插头 无线网络提供的灵活性和流动性 几乎消除了通常由现有的布线房主面 临困境的优势 然而 无线网络往往是如婴儿监视器 无绳电话不可靠和其 他装置受到干扰 电力线网络使用的家庭已有的电力线来传输数据 它们是比较容易的 设置和执行 但执行的权力风险激增 以及一个未加密的家庭网络可以访问 邻国分享同样的变压器 电话线的网络使用家里的电话线 以开展多种服务 通常 每个服务 指定一个独特的频谱 以便他们不会互相干扰 智能家居技术也可能使您拨 打一个电话线 通过具体的家庭作业控制系统和 或预先设定为拨号到监控服 务在一旦发生火警或破裂情况的研究 而家庭自动化的可能性是有限的 只有你的想象 面对的选择一般的房主 可能似乎令人望而生畏 好消息是 你不必成为技术专家 以提高您的家庭的能力 一个家庭技术集成商能够设计 实施和您的家庭联系在一起的各种电子系统 这 些措施包括 3 娱乐 娱乐 您可能已留下深刻的印象朋友的家庭影院安装有一天晚上 当他们 突然出现在他们的电影和 DVD 播放机给你大屏幕 环绕声体验 但是 为什么不 利用这个经验的事呢 使用相当简单的自动化技术 你可以推 电影 一个触摸板按 钮在您的家庭娱乐室 昏暗的灯光会 窗帘会结束时 爆米花机将春季行动 冰箱 将检查你的苏打冰足够的水平 您的通话将被自动转发到您的接听服务直线 一个 小创意和规划 所有这些事件可以实现使用一个家庭网络 这将是同样简单 使用动作感应器和您的音响系统 播放音乐 每次你输 入一个家庭健身房在家里房间 这是乐观的 也许 也许你的学习古典音乐 的 可能性是无穷尽 或者你可以坐在客厅里 选择音乐 你要听通过屏幕上的那些在 电视上显示的菜单 你甚至可以监视你的儿童电视节目和视频游戏的习惯 当你不在家通过编 程网络提醒您的手机如果您的孩子看太多电视