高考英语考点总结

高考英语必备 个人整理 1 To one s 情感名词 Eg To my surprise he did very well in his previous job 令我吃惊的是 他在之前的那份工作中也干的不错 To one s surprise 是固定搭配 用于该结构的名词常见的有 admiration 羡慕 amazement 惊奇 amusement 娱乐 annoyance 烦恼 astonishment 惊奇 delight 欣喜 despair 绝望 disappointment 失望 embarrassment 难堪 happiness 幸福 horror 恐怖 joy 高兴 puzzlement 疑惑 regret 遗憾 relief 如释重负 satisfaction 满 意 shame 羞愧 sorrow 悲伤 surprise 惊讶 等 2 beside besides beside 是一个介词 表示在 的旁边 相当于 by 而 besides 是一个副词 也可作介词 表示除了 还有 Eg Don t stand beside me 不要站我旁边 I am outgoing Besides I am helpful 我很外向 此外 我还乐于助人 besides 和 except 的区别 都可解作 除 之外 但含义不同 except 表示 从所提到的人或事物中除去 即从整体中除去一部分 表示递减的概念 含义是否定的 besides 表示 除了 之外 还有 指 在整体中加入一部分 表示递加的概念 含义是肯定的 试比较 We all went except him 除他之外 我们都去了 他没有去 We all went besides him 除他之外 我们大家也都去了 他也去了 3 See look watch See 看见了 强调看的结果 Did you see it 你看见了吗 Look 意为看 瞧 强调动作 Look at the blackboard 请看黑板 Watch 观看 注视 形容观看的内容比较精彩 比较有过程 watch a game watch a fight 看比赛 观看打斗 看得东西都比较有内容 常见短语 see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做 doing 作 sb 的宾补 see sb do sth 看见某人做了 强调看了整个过程 See a movie film 看电影 Look like 看起来像 Look for 寻找 have a look at 看一看 look at 看着 glare at 怒视 stare at 盯着看 glance at 一瞥 Watch TV 看电视 look out watch out 担心 小心 4 Hear listen Listen 不及物动词 表示有意识地听 仔细听 强调的是听的动作 Listen to music 听歌 Listen to me 听我讲 Hear 及物动词 强调听的结果 I can t hear you 我听不见你 5 So such such 与 so 的意思都是 如此 这样 但两者用法根本不同 与 what 和 how 引导的感叹句相类似 1 such 后面主要是修饰名词 即 such a an adj n 或 a an such adj n 如果名词是不可数名词或复数名词 则不可以用不定冠词 a 或 an 如 He has such a beautiful bike We all go to see it It s a such fine day We all want to go to fly a kite 2 so 后面只能跟形容词或副词 即 和 so adj 或 adv 不过 so 后面也可以跟名词 但该名词必须是单数可数名词 用法为 so 形容词 a 或 an 单数可 数名词 如 The tiger is so big And the cat is so small She is so lovely a girl 3 它们后面还可以与 that 从句连用 即 such that 和 so that 意思是 如此 以致 如 She is such a clever girl that she can make much progress in math exam His brother is so young that he can t go to school 注 当名词前的形容词为表示数目的词时 such 必须换成 so 如 There are so many people that we can t go past I ate so much food that I didn t want to go any farther 6 how what how about what about 怎么样 what how 常用于感叹句 感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦 惊讶等情感 英语感叹句常用 what 和 how 引导 what 和 how 与所修饰的词置于句首 其它部分用陈述 句语序 一 由 what 引导的感叹句 what 意为 多么 用作定语 修饰名词 被强调部分 单数可数名词前要加不定冠词 a an 复数可数名词或不可数名 词前不用冠词 这类句子的结构形式是 what a an adj n 主语 谓语 it is 如 What a clever girl she is 多么聪明的姑娘呀 What an interesting story it is 多么有趣的故事呀 What delicious food it is 多么有味的食物呀 二 由 how 引导的感叹句 how 意为 多么 用作状语 修饰形容词或副词 被强调部分 如果修饰形容词 则句中的谓语动词用系动词 如 果 how 修饰副词 则句中的谓语动词用行为动词 这类句子的结构形式是 How adj adv 主语 谓语 it is 如 How cold it is today 今天多么冷呀 How well she sings 她唱得多好呀 三 在表示同一意义时 英语感叹既可用 what 引导 也可用 how 引导 如 What a hot day it is How hot the day is 多么热的天气呀 What bad weather it is How bad the weather is 多么糟糕的天气呀 四 What do you do 你是做什么的 How do you do it 你是怎样做的 7 Sometimes sometime 和 some time 的区别 1 sometimes 的意思是 有时 是副词 例如 Sometimes he comes by bike and sometimes by bus 他有时骑车来 有时乘公共汽车来 2 sometime 也是副词 意思是 在某个时候 可用于一般过去时与将来时 例如 You can hand in your homework sometime before Friday 你可以在周五前某个时候交作业 3 some time 是名词短语 它的意思是 一段时间 例如 I ll be away for some time 我将离开一段时间 8 表示 非常多 修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词 不可数名词前可用 much a little a great deal of a large amount of 可数名词前可用 many a few a great many a large number of 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的有 lots of a lot of plenty of a great quantity of 9 another the other other others another 三个及以上之中 另一个 the other 两个中 另一个 other n other 是一个形容词 others n other n pl Eg I am sorry but can you give me another chance Peter has two sons One is six and the other is just two years old We need to care about other people we need to care about others 10 就近原则 1 There be 句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk There are some pencils and a book on the desk 2 neither nor Neither you nor he is right Neither he nor you are right 3 either or Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday 4 not only but also Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday Not only Ann s parents but also she stays at home every Sunday 就远原则 有一类连接词 其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致 此类连接词有 with along with together with as well as besides like without except but including 等 例如 Lisa as well as her parents was invited by Jack 丽萨和爸妈都被邀请了 Tracy like many girls loves dancing 特蕾西像很多女孩一样 喜欢跳舞 All the students including Tom are leaving 所有的学生 包括汤姆都走了 No one except but me knows about this news 除了我没有人知道 11 关于元音字母和元音音节 元音字母总共有五个 a e i o u 但决定用冠词 a 还是 an 取决于 后面的单词首字母是不是元音因素 1 A book a useful book a European country a university a unique man 这些单词中的 U 都发 ju 这是一个辅音音节 2 An umbrella an apple an hour an honest man h 不发音 12 星期和月份 week month Monday 星期一 Tuesday 星期二 Wednesday 星期三 Thursday 星期四 Friday 星期五 Saturday 星期六 Sunday 星期天 January 一月 February 二月 March 三月 April 四月 May 五月 June 六月 July 七月 August 八月 September 九月 October 十 月 November 11 月 December 12 月 James Paul McCartney was born in 1942 James Paul McCartney was born in June 18th 1942 13 时间的读法 What time is it now It is 9 00 9 05 9 15 9 30 9 45 now Nine o clock nine o five nine fifteen a quarter past nine nine thirty half past nine nine forty five a quarter to ten 一分钟 a minute 一秒 a second 一小 时 an hour 一刻钟 a quarter 14 方位和位置 East south west north center right left Southeast southwest 东北 西北 in 表示 A 地在 B 地范围之内 如 Taiwan is in the southeast of China 仿写 海南省在中国的南部 2 to 表示 A 地在 B 地范围之外 即二者之间有距离间隔 如 Japan lies to the east of China 仿写 临高在文昌的西面 3 on 表示 A 地与 B 地接壤 毗邻 如 North Korea is on the east of China 仿写 美国在加拿大的南面 15 传统节假日 traditional festivals New Year s Eve 除夕 the Spring Festival 春节 Lantern Festival 元宵节 Tomb sweeping Day 清明节 International Labour Day 国际劳动节 Mother s Day 母亲节 Father s Day 父亲节 the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节 Children s Day 儿童节 Teachers Day 教师节 the Mid autumn Festival 中秋节 National Holiday 国庆节 相关词汇和句子 What is your favorite festival When do you celebrate it How do you celebrate it People celebrate in memory of to honor During this festival people always enjoy delicious food have lots of fun I am sure that we will have a good time 16 关于打电话 making a call telephone mobile phone cell phone 电话 leave sb a message 给 留言 go ahead 请便吧 make a call 打一个电话 give sb a call call sb up 给某人打 电话 phone number 电话号码 call me at 135 speak to sb on the phone 在电话里给某人讲话 write to 给某人写信 talk to 与某人交谈 hold on please 请不要挂断 wait a moment minute 等一下 dial have the wrong number 打错电话了 write down 写下 记下 get in touch with sb contact sb 与某人取得联系 keep in touch with sb 与某人保持联系 17 英语写作之表示列举 On one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 首先 First Firstly To begin with Above all First and foremost 其次 Second Secondly Then 最后 At last Finally Eventually 此外 in addition besides what s more 同时 at the same time 18 英语写作之表达见解 1 不用说 It goes without saying that 子句 It is needless to say that 子句 It is obvious that 从句 Obviously S V 例 不用说早睡早起是值得的 It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours 2 there is no denying that 不可否认 不可否认 成功的事业关键在于健康的身心 There is no denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind There is no denying that success lies in hard work 3 就我的看法 我认为 In my opinion As far as I am concerned From my point of view 例 就我的看法 打电动玩具既花费时间也有害健康 In my opinion playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to our health 19 英语写作之主题句 A 用下列方法 in the following ways B 有三个主要理由 for three major reasons C 要 至少我们可做三件事 To there are at least three things we can do D 我的建议 观点如下 are as follows 例 A 我用下列方法增加信心 I increase my confidence in the following ways B 人们学外语有三个理由 People learn a foreign language for three major reasons C 为了维护健康 我们每天至少可做三件事 To keep healthy there are at least three things we can do every day D 我的建议 观点如下 My suggestions are as follows My opinions are as follows 20 英语书信引出话题 写信目的 1 I ve learned from that so I am writing to 2 Knowing that I am writing to Eg 1 I ve learned from your parents that you have been admitted to Harvard University so I am writing to express my congratulations on your success 从你父母口中得知你已被哈佛大学录取 特写信来表达祝贺 2 Knowing that you are interested in photography I am writing to invite you to attend a photo show to be held in my school on April 21st 得知你喜欢摄影 特写信邀请你参加将于 4 月 21 号在我校举办的摄影展 21 区别 by bus take a bus on a bus take a bus 是动词短语 You can take a bus to go to school on a bus by bus 是介词短语 You can go to school on a bus by bus 坐一路公交车 take the No 1 bus 22 Before ago 区别 1 Ago 只表示相对现在的 以前 如 three years ago 三年前 A few days ago 几天前 long long ago 很久以前 2 before 用法很广 before 有时单独使用 即不连用具体时间 泛指一般意义的 以前 如 He didn t know that before 他以前不知道此事 I have been there before 我以前去过那儿 表示在某一点时间或事件以前时 只用 before 不用 ago 这种用法是将 before 当作介词或连词使用 ago 不具有这一功能 如 They will come back before six o clock It is hoped that this will be finished before the year 1995 希望这件工作将在 1995 年以前完成 23 Affect effect 区别 effect 是名词 表示影响 搭配短语 have an effect on sth have an influence on sth 对 有影响 affect 是及物动词 影响 直接跟宾语 affect sth 对 有影响 且通常指不利的影响 Eg Sandstorms sometimes affect Bejing 沙尘暴有时候影响北京 Watching TV for a long time will have a bad effect on your eyes 24 Raise rise arise 区别 三者区别在于 三个动词词性不同 raise 是及物动词 可用于被动语态 rise 和 arise 是不及物动词 无被动语态 做 上升 解时意义有别 arise 没有 上升 之意 多指问题等 产生 出现 常用于抽象事物 rise 运用范围广 可用于具体事物的 上升 也可 用于抽象事物的 增加 上涨 raise 是把具体事物举到高处或把抽象事物提高 一 raise vt 招募 培育 如 raise a family vt 提高 如 raise the rent 提高租金 vt 举起 如 raise your hands 举起手 vt 提出 如 raise a question 提出问题 二 rise vi 上升 升起 增加 上涨 如 The price has risen 价格上涨了 The level line has risen 水平线上升 3 arise vi 问题 难题等 出现 如 The question will arise if you do it like that 如果你那样做 会出现问题 The oppotunity will arise 机会会出现的 vi 产生于 起因于 常用于搭配 arise from 如 The accidents arise from carelessness 事故起因于粗心大意 vi 起身 arise to do 起身做某事 如 He arose to greet her 他起身迎接她 vi 上升 多指无形的东西 如难度等 25 Cross across 区别 Cross 是及物动词 across 是介词 Cross go across 穿过 Be careful when you cross the street Be careful when you go across the street 过街的时候小心点 26 across through 区别 首先两个都是介词 区别如下 across 表示 横穿 横过 横渡 横跨 例 I swam across the Changjiang River 20 years ago 20 年前我横渡了长江 Look left and right before you go across the street 过马路时要左右看 而 through 为在立体空间中的 穿过 如 go through the forest 穿过森林 go across the street 穿过大街 例 The river runs through our city 这条河流经我们市 He passed through the hall 他穿过大厅 27 more beautiful much better 区别 More 形容词原形 eg More expensive 更昂贵 An apartment is more expensive than a car in Beijing Much 形容词比较级 Green is much stronger than Curry 附 不规则形容词的比较级和最高级变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good 好的 well 健康的 better best bad 坏的 ill 有病的 worse worst old 老的 older elder oldest eldest much many 多的 more most little 少的 less least far 远的 farther further farthest furthest 28 Much too too much 区别 1 too much much 太多 过多 用做形容词或代词 可以修饰不可数名词或用来代替不可数名词 例 There was too much noise in the next door 隔壁太吵 You shouldn t have eaten too much 你本不该吃太多 实际吃了 too much 也可以放在某些动词之后 做状语 表示程度 这些词有 work talk walk thank 等 例 She does talk too much doesn t she 2 much too too 实在 太 用来修饰形容词或副词 其实 too 就是用来修饰形容词或副词 在它前面加上 much 则更能表示程度 太 例 The dress is much too long for me 这件礼服太长了 The problem is much too difficult for us to solve 29 情态动词 have done 表示针对过去的动作 should have done 表示本应做而没做 表责备 could have done 表示本可以做而没做 表遗憾 must have done 表示对过去事实的肯定判断 语气较重 即很肯定 表猜测 might have done may have done 对过去事实的猜测 语气较轻 表猜测 needn t have done 表示本没有必要做某事 但是做了 画蛇添足 could not have done 表示不可能做了某事 eg 1 You should have swept the floor 你本该扫地而没扫 含责备语气 2 She could have done better 她本来可以做得更好的 而实际上做得不够好 含惋惜语气 3 It must have rained yesterday 昨儿个一定下雨了 看到外面有很明显的下过雨的痕迹时说 4 He might have had a fever 他可能发烧了吧 人没来 而谁也不知道原因 就随便猜猜 5 You needn t have helped him He didn t deserve it 你没必要帮他的 他是白眼狼 6 She couldn t have stolen my wallet 她不可能拿了我的钱包 30 强调句 强调句基本句型 It is was 被强调部分 其他部分 陈述句 I met Tailor Swift in New York last Sunday morning 分别强调主语 宾语 地点状语和时间状语 It was I who that met Tailor Swift in New York last Sunday morning It was Tailor Swift who that I met in New York last Sunday morning It was in New York that I met Tailor Swift last Sunday morning It was last Sunday morning that I met Tailor Swift in New York 谓语动词的强调 假如想强调谓语动词 则在动词前面加上助动词 I did meet Tailor Swift in New York last Sunday morning I do hope you can do it for me I do believe that we can manage it ourselves 我相信我们自己可以搞定 31 used to do be used to do be used to doing 区别 Used to do 表过去常常做某事 可以强调动作也可以强调状态 eg He used to go to that coffee shop after work when he was young He would go to that coffee shop after work when he was young 年轻时下班后他常光顾那个咖啡店 He used to be my Chinese teacher 他曾经是我的老师 强调状态 be used to do 表示被用来做某事 Cotton can be used to make clothes 棉花可以拿来做衣服 Be get used to doing 习惯于做 I find it difficult to get used to school life I find it difficult to get used to getting up before seven 七点之前起床真要命 32 数字的读法 基数词 百位和十位之间用 and 连接 45 forty five 325 three hundred and twenty five 22222 twenty two thousand two hundred and twenty two 序数词 第一 first 第二 second 第三 third April 8th April 21st April22nd April23rd 分数和百分数 三分之一 one third 五分之一 one fifth 三分之二 two thirds 五分之二 two fifths 30 thirty percent 100 one hundred percent 房间号 航班号和电话号码 Room304 room three o four Flight HU 7048 flight HU seven o four eight 27285505 two seven two eight double five o five 33 run out run out of 和 use up 的区别 都是表示花光 用光 但是 Run out 是不及物动词 My money has run out run out of use up 是及物动词 有被动语态 I have run out of my money I have used up my money My money has been run out of My money has been used up 34 After before 既可以作介词也可以作连词 What do you usually do after work school After looking at the toy for a minute she decided to buy it She turned on the TV after she finished her work We are supposed to gather at the school gate before 8 00am You had better change your mind before it is too late 35 worth worthy worthwhile 的用法区别 这三个词都是形容词 都有 值得的 的意思 但用法或搭配关系不同 1 worth 是一个只能作表语的形容词 意思为 值 的 值得 的 后接名词 接动名词的主动形式 例如 This second