语法专题之宾语从句 (2)

语法专题之宾语从句语法专题之宾语从句 宾语从句是我们中考考查的重点语法之一宾语从句是我们中考考查的重点语法之一 宾语从句三注意 时态语序引导词 主句一般现在时 从句不需受限制 主句一般过去时 从句须用相应时 陈述句转化that引 一般疑问句用if whether 特殊问句疑问词 引导词后陈述式 一 基本讲解 1 概念 在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句 宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语 也可做介词 的宾语 eg He said he was good at drawing 动词宾语 He asks him how long Mike has been down 动词宾语 Miss Zhang is angry at what you said 介词宾语 2 连接词 1 陈述句转化成宾语从句时 引导词用 that 口语中常常省略 e g She told me that she would like to go with us 2 以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的 宾语从句 从句同样是陈述语序 eg I wonder if whether u have told the new to Li Lei 注意 一般情况下 whether 和if 可以互用 但有些情况例外 a 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if eg We are talking about whether we ll go on the pinic b 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时 只用whether eg Please let me know what to do next Could you tell me whether u go or not c if当如果讲时 引导的是条件状语从句 这时不能用whether 3 特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时 引导词用特殊疑问词 引导词后要用陈述句语序 E g Could you tell me what s the matter wrong with you 特殊情况 当 do you think 后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时 句式结构应为引导 词 do you think 陈述句语序 3 宾语从句时态 a 当主句是一般现在时 一般将来时或祈使句时 从句不受主句的限制 根据自身的需要 选用相应的时态 例如 Do you know if whether he has seen the film b 当主句是一般过去时 从句要用过去时的相应时态 例如 I didn t know if whether he had seen the film 注意 当主句是一般过去时 而从句表示的是客观真理 自然现象 科学原理 格言等 从句仍然要用一般现在时 例如 He said that the earth moves round the sun The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound 4 人称的变化和标点的使用 a 从句的主语如果是第一人称 变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致 如果是第二人称 则 与主句的宾语一致 如果是第三人称 不用变化 如 May I use your knife He asked me He asked me if he might use my knife Do you know her telephone number He asked me He asked me if I know her telephone number b 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定 主句是陈述句 用句号 主句是疑问句 用问号 如 Who will give us a talk I don t know I don t know who will give us a talk Do you know Where does he live Do you know where he lives 二 宾语从句的转化 1 2 当主句谓语动词是 hope wish decide forget plan agree 等 且主句主语与从句主 语相同时 从句可简化为不定式结构 如 She agreed that she could help me with my maths She agreed to help me with my maths 2 当主句的谓语动词是 know learn forget remember decide 等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语 时 主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成 疑问词 不定式结构 例如 I don t know which sweater I should buy I don t know which sweater to buy 3 当主句的谓语动词是 ask tell show teach 等后面带双宾语时 从句的主语和间接宾语一 致 且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时 从句可以转化成 疑问词 不定式结构 或者在连接 代词 副词引导的宾语从句中 当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时 宾语从句可简化 为 连接代词 副词 不定式 结构 如 Could you tell me how to get to the park 4 当主句谓语动词是 find see watch hear 等感官动词时 从句常简化为 宾语 宾补 结构 宾补为不带 to 的不定式或 V ing 形式 如 She found that the wallet lay was lying on the ground She found the wallet lie lying on the ground 试试看 你都学会了吗 试试看 你都学会了吗 语法巩固练习语法巩固练习 一 单项选择题 1 Have you decided for Australia A when will you leave B when do you leave C you will leave when D when you will leave 2 Can you tell me A where does Tom live B where Tom lived C Tom lives where D where Tom lives 3 The old man asked me A where was the cinema B where is the cinema C where the cinema was D where was the way to the cinema 4 I think you will like him A that B if C why D how 5 I didn t know he will come or not A that B whether C weather D how 6 I wonder A how much cost these shoes B how much do these shoes cost C how much these shoes cost D how much are these shoes cost 7 She asked me A who he was B who was he C who is he D who he is 8 Ask him A whose cup this is B whose cup is this C this is whose cup D whose is this cup 9 I don t know A what time the movie starts B what time starts the movie C the time to start the movie D the movie what time starts 10 The doctor asked me how long A was I ill B have I been ill C I have been ill D I had been ill 11 The weather forecast doesn t say A if it rains tomorrow B if does it rain tomorrow C if it will rain tomorrow D if will it rain tomorrow 12 Do you know A whose pen is this B whose pen this is C whom does the pen belong to D whom the pen belong to 13 Could you tell me where A the tape was B was the tape C the tape is D is the tape 14 They want to know A where is the hospital B how old are you C when the train will leave D why is the boy crying 15 Tony wanted to know A what had Father Christmas put in his stocking B when Father Christmas had put in his stocking C what Father Christmas had put in his stocking D where Father Christmas had put in his stocking 16 No one knows the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not A when B whether C where D if 17 July didn t know A where is Tim s father B when was the first watch made C who the old man is D what was wrong with her watch 18 No one told us so we need your help A how should we do B what we should do C what to do D what should we do 19 We don t know with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea A how do it B how to do C what do it D what to do 20 He asked me A whether I find out the sender of the money B whether did I find out the sender of the money C whether the sender of the money found out D whether I found out the sender of the money 二 阅读理解 二 阅读理解 成都实验外国语学校直升生试题 A Emily s wedding dress arrived at five o clock in the afternoon just seventeen hours before her marriage I must try it on mother she cried as she ran upstairs Three minutes later Emily s cries brought her mother upstairs The dress was much bigger for her Emily was in tears Take it back to the dress maker s Mrs Bale said She must change it tonight Hurry up now Take it off and go The dress maker s shop was closed CLOSED FOR WEEK S HOLIDAY said a notice on the door She ran home again to her mother This is unlucky Mrs Bale said But what are we going to do Shall I ask Mrs Peters to help She was once a dress maker I am sure she could change it for you Mrs Peters was brought in and began to work She could see what was wrong She had to take in a lot of materials at the front and that was a big job In fact she almost made it again At about ten o clock the work was finished and Emily tried it on It suited her beautifully The three women were having a cup of tea when the door bell rang Mrs Bale answered it and looked into the worried eyes of a young woman who was carrying a large flat box Does Miss Emily Bale live here she asked out of breath Yes she is my daughter Oh I am glad I ve found you There s been a mistake Your daughter has my wedding dress and I ve got hers And I am getting married tomorrow She held out the box to Mrs Bale 1 Emily was going to get married at the next day A 9 a m B 10 a m C 11 a m D 5 p m 2 Emily failed to change her wedding dress at the dress maker s because A the shop was closed for holiday B her mother took her dress back home earlier C Mrs Peters was too bad to change her dress D there was not enough time for the dress maker 3 Which of the following is NOT true A Mrs Peters was once a dress maker B Mrs Peters was glad to help Emily C The dress maker s will be open after the holiday D Mrs Peters didn t do a good job in changing the dress 4 The young woman carried a large flat box In it there was A a piece of cloth B Emily s wedding dress C her own wedding dress D a present for the Bales 5 The mistake had probably been made by A Mrs Bale B Mrs Peters C Emily s father D the dress maker B When Williams met Jennifer I was on the train on my way home when I saw Jennifer sitting in the same carriage My first thought was it s her It was the girl I used to see every day in the library when we were at university Often I couldn t concentrate on my work when she was sitting so close to me but in fact we never spoke once all the time we were there And now eight years later here she was So I walked up to her and said We ve met before haven t we Weren t you at Durham University Not a great line I know but it broke the ice and we talked for the rest of the journey We got off the train at the same station she said goodbye and disappeared I was kicking myself for not getting her telephone number But then thank goodness she came back and said she had to wait on the same platform for the next train We continued talking but when her train arrived I realized I still didn t have her number This was my last chance I pushed a pen at her and she wrote the number on a piece of paper just as the train pulled out I got home and the first thing I said to my roommate was Do you remember that girl I couldn t stop talking about at university And he said Oh no yes of course I remember I then talked about her non stop for an hour Finally I phoned her later that evening and we decided to meet the next day Six months later we went to Australia and worked together for a year When we came back we got married It s the only thing in my life I ve ever felt completely certain about 6 Williams first saw Jennifer A in Australia B on the train C in the library D on the way home 7 The underlined part in the third paragraph most probably means A I felt angry with myself B I felt happy about myself C I felt pleased with myself D I felt excited about myself 8 Which of the following is put in the right order 1 Williams and Jennifer got off the train together 2 Williams asked Jennifer for her telephone number 3 Williams saw Jennifer sitting in the same carriage 4 Williams and Jennifer waited for the train on the same platform A 3412 B 2431 C 3142 D 1423 9 What s the relationship between Williams and Jennifer A They are classmates B They are strangers C They are mother and son D They are a married couple 10 This is a story A sad B funny C shocking D romantic C Want to travel as cheaply as possible while enjoying the great sights as many as you like Backpacking is the way As the most popular traveling choice among young western people backpacking allows you to travel where you want Carrying a tent a sleeping bag and clothes backpackers also need to make some preparations for the challenges The rich may stay in expensive hotels where everything is provided But backpackers carry everything in a larger bag and do all things on their own to travel through unknown places To travel with as little money as possible they stay in cheap hotels called youth hotels or on the campuses of schools and universities and they even sleep in railway stations in tents or under bridges Young people in Europe often travel around by train Now as the prices of the plane tickets become cheaper more people are traveling to far countries such as Australia and China And some just travel in their own countries But no matter where a backpacker travels planning in advance is important if he or she wants to enjoy the trip Three kinds of cards are needed while traveling Student Identity Card ID personal ID and a credit card A student ID can be helpful for saving money It often gets train tickets and entrance tickets for lower prices in many western countries Personal ID card can help people solve the problems Carrying a credit card can be a safe way of carrying money because cash can easily get lost stolen or wet And of course don t forget to enjoy your trip 11 In young western people s eyes is the most popular traveling choice A backpacking B traveling by air C staying in hotels D driving a caravan 12 From the article we know that young people in Europe often travel around A by coach B by train C by ship D on foot 13 The Writer believes that backpackers can t enjoy the trip without A a map B a guide C enough money D planning in advance 14 According to the article in many western countries a student ID card can help a backpacker to A be served better B get cheaper tickets C get out of trouble D travel everywhere free 15 Which of the following is not mentioned as the advantage of backpacking A Enjoying great sights B Spending less money C Making more friends D Traveling where you want D Many teenagers feel that the most important people in their lives are their friends They believe that their family members in particular their parents don t know them as well as their friends do 16 And then they can only go to their friends for advice 17 Even when they are not with their friends they usually spend a lot of time talking among themselves on the phone This communication is very important in children s growing up 18 19 Some parents may even stop their children from meeting their good friends The question of choice is an interesting one 20 Who chooses your friends Do you choose your friends or your friends choose you Have you got a good friend your parents don t like Your answers are welcome A Because friends can discuss something difficult to say to their family members B In large families it is quite often for brothers and sisters to fight with each other C It is very important