跨文化复习资料

InterculturalIntercultural communicationcommunication reviewreview itemsitems Culture 1 Definition Culture is a story that we tell ourselves about ourselves 2 Importance it brings a group of people together but also takes a group of people apart It tells us who we are and who they are 3 We begin learning our culture when we re born Bias 4 Definition Bias means that we like some things better than others we re biased in favor of what is familiar we like the things that we know and understand better than the things we are not sure about 5 When we re born we naturally divide the world into us and them Prejudice 6 Prejudice is a kind of extreme emotion to some things based on personal opinions 7 Although not everyone is prejudiced anyone can become prejudiced 8 How do we learn prejudice If we go through life without considering the opinions of other people then we ll easily become prejudiced the best example of this can be seen when we consider religion Every religious believer thinks that his religion is the Truth 9 What are the main differences between bias and prejudice Bias is natural can be reduced not be overcome but prejudice is learned can be overcome Prejudice is more extreme than bias 10 the way to reduce bias or overcome prejudice First we should know how it happens and works Then we should listen to them more and know more about others opinions Know the meaning of word grafalloon which helps us think more about us and them We can divide the world in different ways everytime we do this we change our understanding of the world and then change the way we act and then literally change the world 11 When we learn a new culture the first thing we should know is that the country is a individualist or group collective country Why Because if we know that it s an individual or group collective country we can know a lot about it e g power distance direct context time doing 12 In group oriented cultures personal relationships are not important as they are in individualist cultures 13 Every culture every country every government has difficulty balancing the interest of the individual with the interest of the group Context 14 a certain situation 15 High context indirect in a family Advantage fast efficient Disadvantage it takes a long time to learn Low context direct at a bus station Advantage clearer and easier to understand Disadvantage impersonal 16 High context communication the listener s responsibility Low context communication the speaker s responsibility Power distance 17 Power distance is a way to explain the handling of differences between groups existing in a system of inequality 18 Most individualistic cultures have a low power distance 19 In low power distance cultures students often do not learn as much factual information as students in high power distance cultures Time 20 When you hear the word clock time the first thing you think of is work money business globalization modern 21 Clock time came into being in the Industrial revolution and is now strongly associated with globalization 22 Time is money refers to clock time 23 What s event time A an event begins when everybody that s needed to be there arrives 24 Zheshida follows event time in its scheduling 25 Doing busy active making money Being the over all quality of people s lives 26 Live to work doing Work to live being 27 generalizations what is true for the group is not always true for the individual generally true e g Most Chinese people like eating pork but not every Chinese person like pork 28 Stereotypes What is true for the individual is not always true for the group always false e g A few people from Xinjiang killed people but not all people from Xinjiang would kill people 29 What s the good points of American system A More ideas creativity Then the bad point A Too much talking less thinking 30 Why Korean worker like staying at that system a he needn t to think b if the boss is wrong he is no responsibility c because Korea is a group country people like working in groups 31 Individualist country 30 Group collective country 70 Low contextHigh context DirectIndirect Low power distanceHigh power distance Clock timeEvent time DoingBeing AmericaChina Korea Modern market norms Traditional social norms 32 A All cultures are equal B Some cultures are better than others For A a All cultures help people in different ways b Everyone is equal so every culture is equal c All cultures help everyone to live better lives d Every culture has its own strong points and only God knows which is best For B a a long history b more strong points c more influence d better education more creative 33 a city on a hill America Suppose we re Americans we can look down on others we re alone we re closer to the god 34 Critical thinking Anything that can t be disproven is an opinion Circular reasoning The Bible says the Bible is the god Causation and coincidence Pray and survive pray but die Pray and survive strom prayer saved God saved me 35 The Green Revolution the reason of population s growth a great example of a vicious cycle irrigation pesticide herbicide made of oil fertilizers made of natural gas hybird seeds G M O Genetically Modified Organisms 36 technotopia technology utopia 天堂 Meaning technology can bring us everything a progress trap