初中英语语法复习——现在完成时课件.ppt

九年级第一单元语法复习 现在完成时 现在完成时 1 用法2 基本结构3 基本句型变化 一般疑问句 否定句 特殊疑问句 4 关键词 用法1 过去某一时间点发生的动作对现在产生影响 一 用法 现在完成时主要表示现在与过去的关系 过去 现在 将来 I vealreadyreadthatbook 我已经读过那本书 You retoolate thetrainhasjustleft 你来得太完了 火车刚开走 表示过去动作的结果 现在仍残留着 也可不用时间状语 Ithasjustsnowed 刚刚下过雪 地上有积雪 Ihavelostmywatch 我把手表丢了 现在仍未找到 Theconcerthasstarted Wehavetolookforourseatsinthedark 音乐会已经开始了 我们得在黑暗中找座位 Thepresident ssuddendeathhasleftthecountryleaderless 总统突然去世 使该国处于无领袖状态 A yourbrother hishomeworkyet finish B Yes he salreadydoneit Keywords Hasfinished yet already 注意 already用于肯定句 已经 yet用于疑问句和否定句中 已经 尚 还 A youever tothepark be B No never Keywords Havebeen yet already ever never 注意 ever 曾经 用于疑问句中never 从不 带有否定意义 I just thedesk youcantakeittoyourclassroom mend Keywords havemended yet ever never just already Just刚刚与现在完成时连用一般置句中Justnow刚才与一般过去时连用 用法2 过去某一时间点发生的动作持续到现在或还将持续下去 Tom inthefactorysinceheleftschooltenyearsago work Keywords hasworked since since后面带过去时间或有一般过去时的句子 since for Hehasbeenbusysincelastweek 自上个星期以来他一直很忙 Keywords since since后面 时间点 since for Keywords Hehastaughtinourschool30yearsago 他在我们学校教书已有30年了 since since 时间段 ago since for We only 100treessofar answer Keywords haveplanted yet ever never since for just already sofar 到目前为止 Thepresentperfecttense 助动词 可以帮助构成肯定 疑问和否定句 过去分词 1 规则动词过去分词的构成 过去分词和过去式的变化规则是一样的 1 一般在动词末尾加 ed look lookedopen openedplay playedborrow borrowed2 以e结尾的动词加 d use usedlive liveddance dancedrecite recited3 以 辅音字母 y 结尾的动词 先变y为i再加 ed study studiedcarry carriedtry triedworry worried4 末尾只有一个辅音的重读闭音节 先双写该辅音字母 再加 ed fix的过去式和过去分词x不双写 为fixed stop stoppedplan planned 词尾 ed的读音 1 在浊辅音和元音后面发 d calledborrowedclosedmoved2 在清辅音后面发 t finishedcookedhelpedwatched3 在 t d 后面发 id wantedneededrecitedwaited lookplaystartliveusestopchatcarryworry lookedlooked playedplayed startedstarted livedlived usedused stoppedstopped chattedchatted carriedcarried worriedworried 原形 过去式 过去分词 2 不规则动词过去式 过去分词归类表 一 AAA型 动词原形 过去式 过去分词同形 二 AAB型 动词原形与过去式同形 三 ABA型 动词原形与过去分词同形 四 ABB型 过去式与过去分词同形 五 ABC型 动词原形 过去式与过去分词三者不同形 英语动词按其过去式和过去分词的构成方式可分为规则动词和不规则动词 规则动词的过去式和过去分词由词尾加 ed构成 而不规则动词的变化因词而异 但如对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析 就可发现其中的 规则 为方便同学们记忆 现将初中英语常见的不规则动词的原形 过去式和过去分词列出并规为五种类型 初中英语不规则动词巧记法 一 一 AAA型 动词原形 过去式 过去分词同形 cost 花费 costcostcut 割 cutcuthit 打 碰撞 hithithurt 伤害 hurthurtlet 让 letletput 放 putputread 读 read red read red set 放置 setsetshut 关闭 shutshut 二 AAB型 动词原形与过去式同形 beat 跳动 beatbeaten三 ABA型 动词原形与过去分词同形 become 变成 becamebecomecome 来 camecomerun 跑 ranrun 四 ABB型 过去式与过去分词同形 get 得到 gotgothang 吊死 hangedhangedhang 悬挂 hunghunghold 抓住 heldheldsit 坐 satsatbabysit 临时照顾 babysatbabysatwin 赢 wonwon meet 遇见 metmetkeep 保持 keptkeptsleep 睡 sleptsleptsweep 扫 sweptsweptfeel 感觉 feltfeltleave 离开 leftleftbuild 建设 builtbuiltsend 传送 sentsentspend 花费 spentspentlose 丢失 lostlost burn 燃烧 burnt burnedburnt burneddream 做梦 dreamt dreameddreamt dreamedlearn 学习 learnt learnedlearnt learnedlight 点燃 lit lightedlit lightedsmell 嗅 闻 smelt smelledsmelt smelledspeed 加速 sped speededsped speededspell 拼写 spelt spelledspelt spelled burn 燃烧 burnt burnedburnt burneddream 做梦 dreamt dreameddreamt dreamedlearn 学习 learnt learnedlearnt learnedlight 点燃 lit lightedlit lightedsmell 嗅 闻 smelt smelledsmelt smelledspeed 加速 sped speededsped speededspell 拼写 spelt spelledspelt spelled mean 意思是 meantmeantcatch 抓住 caughtcaughtteach 教 taughttaughtbring 带来 broughtbroughtfight 战斗 foughtfoughtbuy 买 boughtboughtthink 想 thoughtthoughthear 听见 heardheardsell 卖 soldsoldtell 告诉 toldtold 五 ABC型 动词原形 过去式与过去分词三者不同形 begin 开始 beganbegundrink 喝 drankdrunkring 铃响 rangrungsing 唱 sangsungswim 游泳 swamswumdraw 画 drewdrawnfly 飞 flewflown show 出示 showedshownbreak 打破 brokebrokenforget 忘记 forgotforgotten forgot speak 说 讲 spokespokendrive 驾驶 drovedriveneat 吃 ateeatenfall 落下 fellfallenshake 震动 shookshaken give 给 gavegiventake 取 tooktakenmistake 弄错 mistookmistakenride 骑 roderiddenwrite 写 wrotewrittendo 做 diddonego 去 wentgonelie 平躺 laylainsee 看见 sawseenwear 穿 worewornbe am is are 是 was werebeen 同学们还可将不规则动词分为若干组 以便准确记忆 初中英语不规则动词巧记法 二 1 i a u begin began begundrink drank drunkring rang rungsing sang sungsink sank sunkswim swam swum 2 ow ew n grow grew grownknow knew knownthrow threw thrownblow blew blownfly flew flowndraw drew drawn 3 i o n drive drove drivenride rode riddenrise rose risenwrite wrote written4 改d为t spend spent spentbuild built builtlend lent lentsend sent sent5 ea o n break broke brokenspeak spoke spoken 6 以 aught为结尾的 teach taught taughtcatch caught caught7 以 ought为结尾的 buy bought boughtthink thought thoughtbring brought brought 8 改y为i再加d的 pay paid paidsay said saidlay 生蛋 laid laid9 去e加 t keep kept keptsweep swept sweptsleep slept slept 10 不变的 cost cost costcut cut cutput put puthurt hurt hurtlet let lethit hit hitset set setshut shut shutread read read 11 减一个字母的 meet met metleave left lefthave had hadhide hid hidden12 加一个字母的 hear heard heardlearn learnt learntmean meant meantspoil spoilt spoilt 13 改一个字母的 make made madelose lost lostget got gothold held heldspill spilt spiltsmell smelt smeltwin won wonfall fell fallenfeel felt felt 14 改为oo 再加n的 take took takenshake shook shakenmistake mistook mistaken15 改为oo的 stand stood stoodunderstand understood understood 16 改i为a型的 sit sat satspit spat spat17 以old为结尾的 tell told toldsell sold sold 三 现在完成时的句型变化1 Hehasalreadycleanedhisroom 改写成一般疑问句 Hashecleanedhisroomyet 2 Theyhavealreadycomebackfromwork 改写成否定句 Theyhaven tcomebackfromworkyet 4 HehasbeentoChina 写出反义疑问句部分 hasn the 3 ShehaslivedinLondonforfouryears 划线部分提问 HowlonghasshelivedinLondon 短暂性动词不能与for since连用 短暂性动词与时段连用处理问题 Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Shehasboughtthecomputerfortwoyears had Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect HowlonghaveyoucometotheUnitedStates beenin Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect AnnhasgonetoChinasincethreemonthsago beenin Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Mybrotherhasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears beenin beenasoldier Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect IhaveleftShanghaifor3days beenaway Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Ihaveborrowedthedictionarysince3daysago kept Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Thefilmhasbegunfor10minutes beenon Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Theconcerthasfinishedforhalfanhour beenover Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Hisdoghasdiedfortwoyears beendead 比较区别 去过某地已经回来常与ever never once twice 连用 一直留在某地与for since连用用howlong提问 去了某地还没回来只用于第三人称 Hersister Australia Sheleftthismorning hasgoneto canyoudistinguish 去过常与ever never once twice 连用 在 与时间段连用用howlong提问 去了说话时某人不在只用于第三人称 A WhereisBob B He Japanwithhissister hasgoneto canyoudistinguish 去过常与ever never once twice 连用 在 与时间段连用用howlong提问 去了说话时某人不在只用于第三人称 A Howlong you China B I herefor3years havebeen havebeenin canyoudistinguish 去过常与ever never once twice 连用 在 与时间段连用用howlong提问 去了说话时某人不在只用于第三人称 A youever thecity B No never Havebeento 一般过去时与现在完成时区别 know haveknown knew Thepasttenseorthepresentperfecttense saw have lost Thepasttenseorthepresentperfecttense have did move lived Thepasttenseorthepresentperfecttense did haswritten see saw 1 一般过去时 表示过去某个时间发生的事 存在的状态或经常发生的动作 说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情 与现在没有关系 2 现在完成时 表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作 它不与表示具体过去的时间状语 如yesterday lastweek amomentago等 连用 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用 如 yesterday lastweek twoyearsago justnow in2002等 而现在完成时则常与just already ever never等副词和thesedays thisweek since for 表示一段时间的状语连用 练习 1 Sharedbik