定语从句归纳及专项练习题

1 定语从句定语从句 语法归纳及练习语法归纳及练习 一 语法知识归纳 一 基本概念 一 定语从句 在复合句中作定语 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 二 先行词 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 一般情况下 定语从句紧跟先行词 但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象 三 关系代词和关系副词 定语从句的引导词 与先行词关系密切 因此紧跟先行词 并在定语从句中充当一个成分 关系代词有 who whom which that 和 whose 另外 as 也可充当 关系代词 关系代词在定语从句中充当主语 宾语 表语和定语 关系副词有 when where 和 why 在定语从句中充当状语 二 关系代词的用法 一 基本用法 根据先行词的不同 和在从句中所充当的成分不同 选用不同的关系代词 如下表 关系词先行词从句成分例句备注 who人 主语 宾 语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother whom人宾语 Mr Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy whom she loved died in the war whose人 物定语 I like those books whose topics are about history The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate that人 物 主语 宾 语 A plane is a machine that can fly She is the pop star that I want to see very much which物 主语 宾 语 The book which I gave you was worth 10 The picture which was about the accident was terrible whom which 和 that 在从句中做宾语 时 常可以省略 但介词提前时后 面关系代词不能省略 也不可以用 that 关系 代词 as人 物 主语 宾 语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us This is the same pen as I lost yesterday as 做宾语一般不省略 例如 注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分 Do you know the professor who that will give us a speech next week 作主语 I read a report about his new novel that which will soon be published 作主语 The plan that which they argued about was settled at last 作宾语 This is the new secretary who whom that I would like to introduce to you 作宾语 The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay 作定语 注意 关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略 充当主语时则不能 见上例 二 关系代词 that 代替 which 的一些情况 which that 在代替物时 一般可以通用 但在有些情况下 只用 that 先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时 例如 This is the best that has been used against pollution English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years 先行词是序数词 或它前面有一个序数词时 例如 This is the last place that I want to visit It is the first American movie of this kind that I ve ever seen 先行词是 all much little something everything anything nothing none 等代词时 例如 You should hand in all that you have We haven t got much that we can offer you 先行词前面有 the only the very any few little no all much every 等修饰时 例如 The only thing that we can do is to give you some money The little money that he had was stolen 三 宜用 who 而不用 that 的一些情况 先行词是 one ones anyone 时 例如 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth Don t tell anyone about the news who oughtn t to know it 先行词是 those 时 例如 Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth 四 其它情况 2 先行词既有人又有物时 例如 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station 主句已有疑问词 who 或 which 时 例如 Which is the bike that you lost Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting 五 与 whose 有关的问题 whose 是代词的所有格 它既可以代人也可以代物 例如 I saw a woman whose bag was stolen Please show me the book whose cover is red 当 whose 表示物与物的所有格关系时 亦可用 of which 的形式 例如 The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant The building the roof of which you can see from here is a new restaurant 或 The building of which the roof you can see from here is a new restaurant 三 介词前提的问题 关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时 介词可以前提至关系代词前 例如 Have you seen the pen which I wrote the note with just now which 作介词 with 的宾语 Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just now 但是 要注意的是 介词前提后 先行词是人或物 关系代词分别只能用 whom 和 which 而不再用 that 或 who 介词前提后 关系代词不再能省略 有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提 如 look for look after take care of 等 例如 错误 Who is the old man to that you were talking to 正确 Who is the old man to whom you were talking 或 Who is the old man that whom you were talking to 错误 These are the sheep of which the boy took care 正确 These are the sheep which that the boy took care of 四 关系代词在从句中作主语时 从句中的主谓一致 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时 从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致 例如 Who is the guy that is reading over there The number of people that are going to the exhibition is expected to be over 25 000 All that needs to be done has been done He is one of the students who use computer a lot for study Timmy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam 例 中的 all 意为 一切 作单数 例 中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人 因此谓语动词也用单数 that 与 which who whom 的用法区别 情况用法说明例句 只用 that 的情况 先行词为 all everything anything nothing little much 等不定代词时 先行词被 all any every each much little no some few 等修饰时 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 先行词既指人又指物时 先行词被 the only the very 修饰时 句中已经有 who 或 which 时 为了避免重复时 1 He told me everything that he knows 2 All the books that you offered have been given out 3 This is the best film that I have ever read 4 We talked about the persons and things that we remembered 5 He is the only man that I want to see 6 Who is the man that is making a speech 只用 which who whom 的情况 在非限制性定语从句中 只能用 which 指代物 用 who whom 指人 在由 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句中 只能用 which 指物 whom 指人 先行词本身是 that 时 关系词用 which 先行词为 those one he 时多 用 who 1 He has a son who has gone abroad for further study 2 I like the person to whom the teacher is talking 3 Those who respect others are usually respected by others 定语从句专项练习 1 1 The place interested me most was the Children s Palace A Which B where C what D in which 2 Do you know the man A whom I spoke B to who spoke C I spoke to D that I spoke 3 This is the hotel last month A which they stayed B at that they stayed C where they stayed at D where they stayed 4 Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded A which B that C when D on which 5 That is the day I ll never forget A which B on which C in which D when 6 The factory we ll visit next week is not far from here A where B to which C which D in which 7 Great changes have taken place in the factory we are working since then A where B that C which D there 8 This is one of the best films A that have been shown this year B that have shown C that has been shown this year D that you talked 9 Can you lend me the book the other day A about which you talked B which you talked C about that you talked D that you talked 10 The pen he is writing is mine A with which B in which C on which D by which 11 They arrived at a farmhouse in front of sat a small boy A whom B who C which D that 12 The engineer my father works is about 50 years old A to whom B on whom C with which D with whom 13 Is there anyone in your class family is in the country A who B who s C which D whose 3 14 I m interested in you have said A all that B all what C that D which 15 I want to use the same dictionary was used yesterday A which B who C what D as 16 He isn t such a man he used to be A who B whom C that D as 17 He is good at English we all know A that B as C whom D what 18 Li Ming to the concert enjoyed it very much A I went with B with whom I went C with who I went D I went with him 19 I don t like as you read A the novels B the such novels C such novels D same novels 20 He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school A which B that C whom D what 21 The letter is from my sister is working in Beijing A which B that C whom D who 22 In our factory there are 2 000 workers two thirds of are women A them B which C whom D who 23 You re the only person I ve ever met could do it A who B whom C whom D who 24 I lost a book I can t remember now A whose title B its title C the title of it D the title of that 25 Last summer we visited the West Lake Hangzhou is famous in the world A for which B for that C in which D what 26 I have bought such a watch was advertised on TV A that B which C as D it 27 I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together A when which B which when C what that D on which when 28 The way he looks at problems is wrong A which B whose C what D 29 This is the reason he didn t come to the meeting A in which B with which C that D for which 30 This machine for many years is still working perfectly A after which I have looked B which I have looked after C that I have looked after D I have looked after 31 The reason he didn t come was he was ill A why that B that why C for that hat D for which what 32 He is working hard will make him pass the final exam A that B which C for which D who 33 That is not the way I do it A B which C for which D with which 34 I have two grammars are of great use A all of which B either of which C both of that D both of which 35 I want to use the same tools used in your factory a few days ago A as was B which was C as were D which 36 My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble was very kind of them A who B which C that D it 37 This is the magazine I copied the paragraph A that B which C from that D from which 38 He is not such a man would leave his work half done A that B which C who D as 39 You can depend on whatever promise he makes A B why C when D whose 40 Smoking is a bad habit is however popular A that B which C it D though 41 Did you ask the guard happened Yes he told me all he knew A what that B what what C which which D that that 42 I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm with the farmers has a great effect on my life A when who B that which C which that D when which 43 The number of the people who cars increasing A owns are B owns is C own is D own are 44 During the days he worked as a servant at the Browns A followed B following C to follow D that followed 45 Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn A that B C which D it 46 The clever boy made a hole in the wall he could see was going on inside house A which what B through which what C through that what D what that 47 Is some German friends visited last week A this school B this the school C this school oneD this school where 48 John got beaten in the game had been expected A as B that C what D who 49 I have bought two ballpens writes well A none of them B neither of them C neither of which D none of which 50 All that can be eaten eaten up A are being B has been C had been D have been 定语从句专项练习 2 1 Nearly all the streets are in straight lines from east to west Those run from north to south are called avenues A running that B run who C running who D run that 2 This is the case he s had all his money stolen A when B where C that D on which 3 Mr Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008 A where B when C which D how 4 The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything A that the little girl asks him B the little girl asks him to C for the little girl to ask him D what the little girl asks him 5 How did you get in touch with the travel agent Robin Oh that s easy I surfed the Internet and then called one the telephone number is provided A which B in which C of which D whose 6 October 15 th is my birthday I will never forget A when B that C what D which 7 The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point he can walk correctly and safely A when B where C which D whose 8 There are several research centers in China a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied A which B where C when D what 9 I hope that the little I have been able to do does good to them all A which B what C that D when 10 The time is not far away modern communications will become widespread in China s vast countryside A as B when C until D before 11 is known to everybody Taiwan is a part of China We must unify it A It B As C Which D What 12 I shall never forget the day Shen Zhou V was launched has a great effect on my life A when which B that which C which that D when that 13 The bread my wife makes is much better than you can buy at a store A that which B one that C that of which D this of which 14 There is no such place you dream of in all this world A that B what C which D as 15 The people had been damaged by the flood were given help by the Red Cross A all whose homes B all of whose homes C all their homes D all of their homes 16 The humans are destroying nature day by day of course will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later A who B when C on which D which 17 Is this research center you visited the modern equipment last year A where B that C the one that D the one where 4 18 Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old they swam in it A when B that C who D where 19 The man showed us so heavy a stone no man can lift A that B as C which D and 20 He stayed there for quite a long time during time he learned much spoken English A that B this C which D same 定语从句专项练习 3 1 Who is the woman is sweeping the floor over there A who B C that D when 2 The doctor is leaving for Africa next month A the nurse is talking to him B whom the nurse is talking C the nurse is talking to D who the nurse is talking 3 He talked about a hero no one had ever heard A of whom B from whom C about that D who 4 Have you read the book I lent to you A that B whom C when D whose 5 American women usually identify their best friend as someone they can talk frequently A who B as C about which D with whom 6 Recently I bought a second hand car was very low A which price B the price of whose C its price D whose price 7 Lily is Helen you want to introduce me to A that B who C whom D the girl 8 The professors talked with us about the beautiful schools and the experienced teachers they had seen A that B who C which D what 9 This is the only bus goes to the village school A B that C where D it 10 Is there a shop around sells China Daily A who B where C in which D which 11 She was the only one of the girls in our class accepted as candidate for the president of our Students Union A who was B who were C who has been D who have been 12 She is no longer the sweet little girl she used to be A what B who C when D that 13 Is this singer songs you like best A who s B whose C which D the one whose 14 He got angry with was against his opinion A who B whomever C whoever D no matter who 15 Anyone with what I said may raise your hand A which agrees B who agree C who agrees D which agree 16 That s the dog A we ve been looking after B after which we ve been looking C what we ve been looking after D we ve been taking care for 17 This is the last time I ll give you a lesson A when B that C what D as 18 The family I stayed with in Paris are coming to London A whose B which C what D whom 19 This is the very knife I used to cut apples yesterday A that B by which C which D with which 20 China has many rivers the Yangtze River is the longest A which B in which C among which D one of which 21 The use they are the waste helps to save a lot of money A made of B made from C making up of D making of 22 That tree the branches are almost bare is a very old one A whose B in which C of which D of it 23 In the dark street there wasn t a single person she could turn for help A thatB who C from whom D to whom 24 What is the way Smith thought of enough money to buy the new house A getting B having got C being got D to get 25 Jack spent as much time as he could over his lessons A going B went C go D to go 26 The freezing point is the temperature water changes into ice A at which B on that C when D of which 27 I am impressed by the fact that he makes good use of every minute he can spare A that B in which C in that D when 28 This is the last time I will write to you A when B that C what D as 29 I don t like the way he spoke to me A what B by which C by that D 30 The train he was traveling was delayed for more than an hour A by which B on which C for which D on that 4 真题回顾 1 We went through a period communications were very difficult in rural areas 2008 上海 A which B whoseC in whichD with which 2 Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree they can be controlled on purpose 2007 重庆 A with which B to which C of which D for which 3 Animals suffered at the hands of Man they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural had to provide food for more people 2008 江西 A in which B for whichC so that D in that 4 Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from their parents speak at home 2008 浙江 A what B that C which D one 5 You can only be sure of you have at present you cannot be s