Unit 2 Sailing the oceans 导学案3

Unit 2 Sailing the oceans 导学案导学案 mercy noun pl ies 1 U a kind or forgiving attitude towards sb that you have the power to harm or right to punish humanity to ask beg plead for mercy They showed no mercy to their hostages God have mercy on us The troops are on a mercy mission a journey to help people in the war zone 2 C usually sing informal an event or a situation to be grateful for usually because it stops sth unpleasant It s a mercy she wasn t seriously hurt His death was a mercy because he was in great pain at the mercy of sb sth not able to stop sb sth harming you because they have power or control over you I m not going to put myself at the mercy of the bank We were at the mercy of the weather leave sb sth to the mercy mercies of sb sth to leave sb sth in a situation that may cause them to suffer or to be treated badly privatized companies left to the mercy of market forces humorous I ll leave you to the tender mercies of these ladies throw yourself on sb s mercy formal to put yourself in a situation where you must rely on sb to be kind to you and not harm or punish you longside prep 1 next to or at the side of sth A police car pulled up alongside us a lifeboat moored alongside the yacht Much of the land alongside the river is below sea level 2 together with or at the same time as sth sb Traditional beliefs still flourish alongside a modern urban lifestyle exploration noun C U 1 the act of travelling through a place in order to find out about it or look for sth in it the exploration of space oil exploration searching for oil in the ground 2 an examination of sth in order to find out about it the book s explorations of the human mind accelerate verb 1 to happen or to make sth happen faster or earlier than expected v Inflation continues to accelerate vn Exposure to the sun can accelerate the ageing process 2 v of a vehicle or person to start to go faster The runners accelerated smoothly around the bend The car accelerated to overtake me secure adj HAPPY CONFIDENT 1 feeling happy and confident about yourself or a particular situation At last they were able to feel secure about the future She finished the match secure in the knowledge that she was through to the next round CERTAIN SAFE 2 likely to continue or be successful for a long time safe a secure job income It s not a very secure way to make a living The future of the company looks secure 3 against from sth that cannot be affected or harmed by sth Information must be stored so that it is secure from accidental deletion BUILDING DOOR ROOM 4 guarded and or made stronger so that it is difficult for people to enter or leave Check that all windows and doors have been made as secure as possible a secure unit for child offenders The building is secure against intruders FIRM 5 not likely to move fall down etc stable The aerial doesn t look very secure to me It was difficult to maintain a secure foothold on the ice figurative Our relationship was now on a more secure footing verb GET STH 1 sth for sb sth sb sth formal to obtain or achieve sth especially when this means using a lot of effort vn to secure a contract deal The team managed to secure a place in the finals She secured 2 000 votes The delegation has secured the promise of a ceasefire vn vnn He secured a place for himself at law school He secured himself a place at law school FASTEN FIRMLY 2 vn sth to sth to attach or fasten sth firmly She secured the rope firmly to the back of the car The tables on board were secured firmly to the floor PROTECT FROM HARM 3 vn sth against sth to protect sth so that it is safe and difficult to attack or damage to secure a property against intruders The windows were secured with locks and bars figurative a savings plan that will secure your child s future A LOAN 4 vn to legally agree to give sb property or goods that are worth the same amount as the money that you have borrowed from them if you are unable to pay the money back a loan secured on the house random adj usually before noun done chosen etc without sb deciding in advance what is going to happen or without any regular pattern the random killing of innocent people a random sample selection in which each thing has an equal chance of being chosen The information is processed in a random order noun at random without deciding in advance what is going to happen or without any regular pattern She opened the book at random not at any particular page and started reading The terrorists fired into the crowd at random Names were chosen at random from a list awkward adj 1 making you feel embarrassed There was an awkward silence I felt awkward because they obviously wanted to be alone 2 difficult to deal with Don t ask awkward questions You ve put me in an awkward position an awkward customer a person who is difficult to deal with Please don t be awkward about letting him come It makes things awkward for everyone when you behave like that 3 not convenient inconvenient Have I come at an awkward time 4 difficult or dangerous because of its shape or design This box is very awkward for one person to carry This tool will reach into awkward corners such as under kitchen units 5 not moving in an easy way not comfortable He tried to dance but he was too clumsy and awkward I must have slept in an awkward position I m aching all over reference noun MENTIONING SB STH 1 C U to sb sth a thing you say or write that mentions sb sth else the act of mentioning sb sth The book is full of references to growing up in India She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans the President s passing reference to brief mention of the end of the war LOOKING FOR INFORMATION 2 U the act of looking at sth for information Keep the list of numbers near the phone for easy reference I wrote down the name of the hotel for future reference because it might be useful in the future The library contains many popular works of reference reference books ASKING FOR ADVICE 3 U to sb sth formal the act of asking sb for help or advice The emergency nurse can treat minor injuries without reference to a doctor NUMBER WORD SYMBOL 4 C abbr ref a number word or symbol that shows where sth is on a map or where you can find a piece of information The map reference is Y4 Please quote your reference number when making an enquiry FOR NEW JOB 5 C a letter written by sb who knows you giving information about your character and abilities especially to a new employer We will take up references after the interview 6 C a person who agrees to write a reference for you for example when you are applying for a job My previous boss will act as a reference for me IN BOOK 7 C a note in a book that tells you where a particular piece of information comes from There is a list of references at the end of each chapter in with reference to formal used to say what you are talking or writing about With reference to your letter of July 22 verb vn formal to refer to sth to provide a book etc with references Each chapter is referenced citing literature up to 2004 precise adj 1 clear and accurate exact precise details instructions measurements Can you give a more precise definition of the word I can be reasonably precise about the time of the incident 2 only before noun used to emphasize that sth happens at a particular time or in a particular way We were just talking about her when at that precise moment she walked in Doctors found it hard to establish the precise nature of her illness 3 taking care to be exact and accurate especially about small details a skilled and precise worker small precise movements disapproving She s rather prim and precise to be more precise used to show that you are giving more detailed and accurate information about sth you have just mentioned The shelf is about a metre long well 98cm to be precise simplify verb simplifies simplifying simplified simplified vn to make sth easier to do or understand The application forms have now been simplified I hope his appointment will simplify matters a simplified version of the story for young children portable adj that is easy to carry or to move a portable TV The equipment is lightweight portable and easy to store figurative a portable loan pension that can be moved if you change banks jobs etc portable software noun a small type of machine that is easy to carry especially a computer or a television The kids are upstairs watching the portable television shortcoming noun usually pl a fault in sb s character a plan a system etc She made me aware of my own shortcomings Despite a number of shortcomings the project will still go ahead update verb vn 1 to make sth more modern by adding new parts etc It s about time we updated our software 2 sb on sth sth to give sb the most recent information about sth to add the most recent information to sth bring up to date I called the office to update them on the day s developments Our records are regularly updated tendency noun pl ies 1 C for sb sth to do sth to towards sth if sb sth has a particular tendency they are likely to behave or act in a particular way to display artistic etc tendencies I have a tendency to talk too much when I m nervous There is a tendency for this disease to run in families She has a strong natural tendency towards caution This material has a tendency to shrink when washed 2 C for sb sth to do sth to towards sth a new custom that is starting to develop There is a growing tendency among employers to hire casual staff 3 C sing pl v BrE a group within a larger political group whose views are more extreme than those of the rest of the group the militant tendency reliable adj 1 that can be trusted to do sth well that you can rely on dependable We are looking for someone who is reliable and hard working a reliable friend My car s not as reliable as it used to be 2 that is likely to be correct or true Our information comes from a reliable source a reliable witness How reliable are the local weather forecasts These tests are a reliable indicator of future performance swoop verb v 1 usually adv prep of a bird or plane to fly quickly and suddenly downwards especially in order to attack sb sth dive The aircraft swooped down over the buildings A hawk swooped low over the field 2 on sb sth especially of police or soldiers to visit or attack sb sth suddenly and without warning Officers swooped on the vehicles as they left the ferry noun 1 an act of moving suddenly and quickly through the air in a downward direction as a bird does dive 2 on sth sb an act of arriving somewhere or attacking sth sb in a way that is sudden and unexpected Large quantities of drugs were found during a police swoop on the star s New York home peck verb 1 at sth of birds to move the beak forward quickly and hit or bite sth v A robin was pecking at crumbs on the ground Hens pecked around in the yard vn A bird had pecked a hole in the sack Vultures had pecked out the dead goat s eyes 2 vn sb on sth informal to kiss sb lightly and quickly He pecked her on the cheek as he went out She pecked his cheek a the pecking order informal often humorous the order of importance in relation to one another among the members of a group New Zealand is at the top of the pecking order of rugby nations to be first in the pecking order peck at sth to eat only a very small amount of a meal because you are not hungry pick at She sat nervously pecking at her food expedition noun 1 an organized journey with a particular purpose especially to find out about a place that is not well known to plan lead go on an expedition to the North Pole 2 the people who go on an expedition Three members of the Everest expedition were killed 3 sometimes humorous a short trip that you make when you want or need sth a shopping expedition compulsory adj that must be done because of a law or a rule It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmets English is a compulsory subject at this level compulsory education schooling compulsory redundancies Survival noun 1 U the state of continuing to live or exist often despite difficulty or danger the struggle battle fight for survival His only chance of survival was a heart transplant Exporting is necessary for our economic survival Continued trade in these products is a threat to the survival of the species 2 C from sth something that has continued to exist from an earlier time The ceremony is a survival from pre Christian times the survival of the fittest the principle that only the people or things that are best adapted to their surroundings will continue to exist incident noun 1 C something that happens especially sth unusual or unpleasant His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident One particular incident sticks in my mind 2 C U a serious or violent event such as a crime an accident or an attack There was a shooting incident near here last night The demonstration passed off without incident 3 C a disagreement between two countries often involving military forces a border diplomatic incident departure noun 1 C U from the act of leaving a place an example of this His sudden departure threw the office into chaos Flights should be confirmed 4 8 hours before departure They had received no news of him since his departure from the island 2 C a plane train etc leaving a place at a particular time arrivals and departures All departures are from Manchester the departure lounge time gate the departures board 3 C from sth an action that is different from what is usual or expected It was a radical departure from tradition Their latest single represents a new departure for the band deposit noun MONEY 1 usually sing a on sth a sum of money that is given as the first part of a larger payment We ve put down a 5 deposit on the house They normally ask you to pay 1 00 as a deposit All deposits are non refundable 2 usually sing a sum of money that is paid by sb when they rent sth and that is returned to them if they do not lose or damage the thing they are renting to pay a deposit They ll probably ask you to leave a deposit 3 a sum of money that is paid into a bank account Deposits can be made at any branch 4 in the British political system the amount of money that a candidate in an election to Parliament has to pay and that is returned if he she gets enough votes All the other candidates lost their deposits verb vn PUT DOWN 1 adv prep to put or lay sb sth down in a particular place She deposited a pile of books on my desk informal I was whisked off in a taxi and deposited outside the hotel LEAVE SUBSTANCE 2 especially of a river or a liquid to leave a layer of sth on the surface of sth especially gradually and over a period of time Sand was deposited which hardened into sandstone MONEY 3 to put money into a bank account Millions were deposited in Swiss bank accounts reckon verb 1 informal especially BrE to think sth or have an opinion about sth v that I reckon that I m going to get that job He ll be famous one day What do you reckon do you agree v It s worth a lot of money I reckon They ll never find out You reckon I think you may be wrong about that 2 be reckoned not used in the progressive tenses to be generally considered to be sth vn to inf Children are reckoned to be more sophisticated nowadays vn n It was generally reckoned a success also vn adj 3 v to inf BrE informal to expect to do sth We reckon to finish by ten He wasn t reckoning to pay so much 4 sth at sth to calculate an amount a number etc vn I could see him reckoning the cost as I spoke The age of the earth is reckoned at about 4 6 00 million years v that They reckon that their profits are down by at least 2 0 vn to inf The journey was reckoned to take about two hours reckon on sth to expect sth to happen or to rely on sth happening They hadn t reckoned on a rebellion ing We d reckoned on having good weather reckon sth up reckon up sth especially BrE to calculate the total amount or number of sth He reckoned up the cost of everything in his mind reckon with sb sth 1 usually passive to consider or treat sb sth as a serious opponent problem etc They were already a political force to be reckoned with 2 usually used in negative sentences to consider sth as a possible problem that you should be prepared for take sth into account ing I didn t reckon with getting caught up in so much traffic reckon without sb sth especially BrE to not consider sb sth as a possible problem that you should be prepared for not take sth into account They had reckoned without the determination of the opposition tension noun 1 U C usually pl between A and B a situation in which people do not trust each other or feel unfriendly towards each other and which may cause them to attack each other There is mounting tension along the border international racial political tensions Family tensions and conflicts may lead to violence The incident has further increased tension between the two countries 2 C U between A and B a situation in which the fact that there are different needs or interests causes difficulties There is often a tension between the aims of the company and the wishes of the employees 3 U a feeling of anxiety and stress that makes it impossible to relax nervous tension We laughed and that helped ease the tension Walking and swimming are excellent for releasing tension a tension headache 4 U the feeling of fear and excitement that is created by a writer or a film movie director dramatic tension As the movie progresses the tension builds 5 U the state of being stretched tight the extent to which sth is stretched tight muscular tension Adjust the string tension of your tennis racket to suit your style of playing When knitting try to keep the same tension throughout Massage can relieve tension in your shoulders and back verb vn technical to make a wire sail etc tight and stretched gradual adj 1 happening slowly over a long period not sudden a gradual change in the climate Recovery from the disease is very gradual 2 of a slope not steep foresee verb foresaw foreseen to think sth is going to happen in the future to kn