上海牛津-英语-7A-U1--U4知识点和练习.doc

7A M1U1知识点复习词汇：1. invite v.邀请 n. invitation adj. inviting 吸引人的eg. an invitation to a party.一个晚会的邀请eg: The food on the table looks inviting.桌上的食物看上去令人垂涎。 句型：invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事 invite sb to ones party 邀请某人参加聚会2.expensive adj.昂贵的 n. expense 花费 反义词：cheap, inexpensive 3.talk v.交谈 adj. talkative 健谈的talk to sb. 和某人说. talk about sth 谈论关于某事 talk with sb: 和某人说话 4. agent n. 代理人，代理商 agency n. 代理处5. soon prep. 很快，不久 一般soon所在的句型时态用一般将来时 eg. I will come back soon. 我很快就会回来 词组：as soon as 一.就. eg. I will write to you as soon as I get there. 我一到那儿就写信给你 how soon 多久以后 He will cme back in five minutes. (划线提问) How soon will he come back ？6. end v/n 结束 ending n. 结局 endless adj. 无尽的eg. His life ended. 他的生命结束了 (此处end为动词)eg. At the end of August. 在八月底。（此处end为名词）eg. I like films with happy endings best. 我最喜欢圆满结局的电影 Travelling give me endless pleasure 旅游给了我无尽的快乐 词组：at the end of 在的尽头 At the end of August 八月末 She waited for me at the end of the street 她在街角处等我 7.raise vt. 及物动词：使升起 词组：raise ones hand 举手 辨析：rise vi.不及物动词 升起 rise up The balloon rose up slowly into the air 气球在空中缓缓升起。8.national adj. 国家的，民族的 National Day 国庆节 词性转换： n. nation 国家，民族 President Clinton speaks to whole nation.克林顿总统对全国发表演讲。n. nationality 国籍 Whats your nationality? 你的国籍是什么？9. history n. 历史 a long history 一段悠久的历史 词性转换：historic adj. 具有历史意义的 eg. The historic battle changed the fate of two nations.这一历史战役改变了两个民族的命运。historical adj. 历史上的; 有关历史的 eg. We went to see a historical play.我们去看了出历史剧。10. interest n. 兴趣 eg. Do you have any interest in travelling? 你对旅游有兴趣吗？v. 使感兴趣 eg. The book interests me. 这本书使我感兴趣词性转换： adj. interesting 令人感兴趣的，形容物较多 This film is interesting. adj. interested 感兴趣的 I am interested in this film 我对这部电影感兴趣句型：have interest in doing sth= show interest in doing sth =be interested in doing sth11. holiday (n) 假日 summer holiday 暑假12. wonderful adj. 奇迹般的，美妙的 eg. Honk Kong is a wonderful city 词性转换：wonderfully adj. 奇迹般地，出色地 eg. He play the piano wonderfully. 他钢琴弹得很棒。 Wonder n. 奇迹 eg. The Great Wall is a wonder 长城是一个奇迹 Wonder v. 感到疑惑，想知道 （want to know）eg. I wonder how he can run so fast. 我想知道他怎么跑那么快13. another(prep)另一个 词组：oneanother 一个.另一个 两者加起来不等于全部 eg. You should help one another. 你们应该互相帮助。 辨析：one.the other 一个.另一个 两者加起来等于全部 eg. Can you help me find the other shoe? 鞋子只有两只，所以用the other some. others.一些.其余的.eg. Boys are on the playground,some are playing basketball,the others are playing football. 男孩们都在操场上，一些正在打篮球，其余的正在踢足球.14. relative n. 亲戚 eg. Bill is a relative of mine 比尔是我的亲戚 词性转换: relative adj.有关系的 be relative to 与.有关 relation n. 关系，亲戚 relationship n. 关系，人际关系 eg. She has a good relationship with her students 她和她的学生建立了良好的人际关系 15.方位词in/on/to应用：Shanghai lies in the east of China 在中国境内Shanghai lies to the south of Beijing=Shanghai lies south of Beijing 不接壤Fengxian district lies on the south of Nanhui district. 接壤16.how问句：How+adj 构成的疑问副词:How long is this bridge?(询问长度) It is 500 centimeters long.How long does it take to get to London from here?（询问时间） About one hour.How many students are there in your class?(询问可数名词的数量) There are 45 students in my class.How much milk is there in the fridge?（询问不可数名词的数量） There is only a little milk in the fridge.How much is your coat? (询问价格) $500.How often do you go to the cinema?(问频率) Once a week.How soon will you be back (问时间) 你多久后会回来？ In 3 days.How far is it from your home to your school?（问距离） About 25 minutes walk. 语法：一、形容词比较级：构成：1) 规则变化 1.单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er来构成比较级。 talltaller great-greater少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词,末尾加er: clever- cleverer; narrow- narrower 2.以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r : nice-nicer able- abler 3.以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er : big-bigger hot- hotter 4.以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，改y为i,再加er: easy-easier ; 5.其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more: important-more important; easily=more easily2) 不规则变化 :good/well-better bad/ill-worse old-older/elder many/more-much little-less far-farther/further 用法：1.同级比较：用“as+形容词原级+as的结构”例如： Tom is as tall as his brother. My hair is as long as mine.2、在比较级 + than的结构前可以加上某些副词类的词，以对其进行修饰，如：far（远），even（甚至），much（许多），still（更，还），a lot（许多），a little / bit（一点），rather（相当地），等等。例如：Shes a little more outgoing than me. My bike is much newer than his.3、 比较级中的两个特殊作用的结构是：a. The + 比较级 + 句子，the + 比较级 + 句子 。它表示的意义是越（怎么样就）越（怎么样）：如：The harder you work at your study, the better grades you will have. 学习越努力，成绩就越好。The more we get together, the happier well be. 我们聚会次数越多越多， 我们就越高兴。b. 比较级+ and + 比较级。它表示的意义是越来越（怎么样），在这个结构中的两个 比较级则要求词性相同。例如：Our country becomes more and more beautiful.When spring comes, the weather is warmer and warmer.4、比较对象中一方不及另一方时，用“not as(so)+形容词原级+as ”或“less+形容词原级+ than”的结构。 He is not as careful as his sister. = He is less careful than his sister. = His sister is more careful than he.5、在两者之中选择“较为 ” 的一个，比较级之前加the.例如：Amy is the taller of the two girls. Of the two books, the one on the right is the better. 6、比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。在这种情况下，往往是将一个人或是一件事与其他所有的人或事相比较。做这种句子时有一点要特别注意-别忘了常在比较状语中用any other , else类的字眼，以将比较主体排除在比较对象以外，因为自己不可以与自己相比较。例如：He is taller than anyone else in our class. = He is taller than the other students in our class. = He is taller than any other student in our class. = He is the tallest in our class.二、现在完成时用法现在完成时的构成：助动词have（has）+ 过去分词，1表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如：I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）现在完成时常用的时间状语有： already （”已经” 用于肯定句的中间和末尾处）never (“从不” 用于中间处)ever （”曾经” 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处）just (“刚刚” 用于中间处)yet (“已经” 用于疑问句的末尾处 / “还” 用于否定句的末尾处)或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.2.现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响(一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去)。试比较：The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）3.since 和 for 的用法since+过去点的时间，for+一段时间（数词+量词），此划线部分用how long提问。表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。(1)since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。 如：Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。(2)for短语表示动作延续多长时间，for的宾语为时间段。 如：We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。I havent seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配： have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm/ abroad4.have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用例如： I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。5.have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场。例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去了。Jack has gone to London. 杰克到伦敦去了。巩固练习:I. Choose the best answer. (选择最恰当的答案。) ( )1. Tiananmen Square is in _ centre of Beijing. It is _ open area.A. the, the B. /, an C. the, an D. a, the( )2. The Palace Museum is an interesting place _many ancient buildings. Id like to visit it.A. with B. has C. for D. of ( )3. My plane will arrive at the airport _ the morning of May 15th.A. in B. at C. on D. for( )4. Beijing, the capital of China, is one of _ cities in the world.A. big B. much bigger C. biggest D. the biggest ( )5. You can see the children _ happily on the People Square.A. play B. playing C. are playing D. to play ( )6. Thank you for _ me with the housework.A. helping B. help C. helps D. helped ( )7. It took me more than two hours _ my homework yesterday.A. finish B. will finish C. finished D. to finish ( )8. - _ did the ticket for the book show cost? - Fifty yuan each. A. How long B. How much C. How many D. How often ( )9. - How are you going to Beijing? - Im going to _ a plane. Its faster than a train.A. by B. on C. take D. have( )10. - I will take a trip to London next week. - _A. I sorry to hear that. B. Why? C. Have a good time! D. Youre welcome. ( )11. Today he is _ than yesterday.A. very better B. a little better C. well D. best( )12. The white horse is so _.A. strong B. stronger C. a little stronger D. strongest( )13. Cathy did quite _ in the English test, I did even _. A. better; well B. well; well C. well; better D. better; better( )14. Of the two Australian students, Masha is _ one. I think you can find her easily.A. tallest B. the taller C. taller D. the tallest( )15. The the better. Im shorter of money. A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensiveII. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. (所给词适当形式填空。) 1. I got an _from my friend yesterday. (invite)2. This year, more _will go to Shanghai for traveling. (tour) 3. We visited a lot of _places in Shanghai. (interest)4. People like to go traveling by train because its _ and more exciting. (cheap)5. The sun and beach can make a _ holiday. (wonder)6. The Qingming Festival has already become a _ holiday in China. (nation)7. Tony would like to be a travel _ when he grows up. (agency)III. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given verbs. （用所给动词的适当形式填空） 1. We (not visit) the Great Wall before.2. There (be) a concert (音乐会) at the beach this evening.3. Tim (just see) the film “Tiny Time” (小时代).4. It (cost) me two hundred yuan to buy my favourite books yesterday.5. your friend always (spend) hours playing games?IV. Rewrite the sentences as required. ( 按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词。)1. The computer book cost me 10 yuan. (改为否定句)The computer book _ _ me 10 yuan.2. Hes already seen his grandparents.(改为一般疑问句) _ he seen his grandparents _?3. I weigh 50kg. My sister weighs 52kg.(保持句意不变) My sister is _ _ I.4. My trip to Xiamen was so wonderful. (划线提问) _ _ your trip to Xiamen?5. Mrs. Green has lived in this small village for about twenty years. (对划线部分提问) _ _ has Mrs. Green lived in this small village?6. I see him every morning. He is watering flowers in his garden. (两句并一句) I see _ _ flowers in his garden every morning. 7. Jackie has got a photograph from his uncle. (一般疑问句)_8. It takes 30 minutes to finish doing my homework. (划线提问)_ 9. Were going to invite him to our wedding.（改为否定句）_10. The plane tickets cost 500 yuan. (划线提问)_11.Peter had some wonderful paintings. (改为否定句)Peter _ _ any wonderful painting.12.The nurse is so busy that she has no time to look after her family. (保持原句意思)The nurse is _ busy _ take care of her family.M1U2 Our animal friends词汇：1.friend 朋友 make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友2.welcome to the SPCA 欢迎来到爱护动物协会 the SPCA = the society for the Prevention of Cruelty 爱护动物协会3. an SPCA officer 一名爱护动物协会工作人员 office n.办公室 officer n.官员，职员 society n. 社团，协会，社会prevention n.防止，阻止 v. prevent 防止，阻止 prevent sth from doing 防止.不受 prevent sth 防止。 prevent / keep / stop sb from doing sth 防止某人做某事 （keep 后面的from不能省略） prevent animals from danger = keep animals from danger = save animals from danger cruelty n.残酷 adj. cruel残酷的 be cruel to sb. 对.残酷4.leave these puppies in the street 把这些小狗遗弃在街道上 leave: v.遗弃 puppy - puppies n.小狗， 幼犬 in the street 在街道5.have no food or water 没有食物和水 or: 否定句中的“和”；肯定句用：and6. take sb. to sp.带领某人去某地 take-took-takentake them to the SPCA 带他们到爱护动物协会 Take him to a park for a walk every day. bring sth to sb把某物带给某人 They can bring other animals, like sheep, to the farmer.7.lovely adj. 可爱的；有吸引力的 v. LoveWould you like to keep one as your pet? 你想要养一条（狗）作为宠物吗？ keep one as your pet收留一只作为你的宠物 as :作为，当作Which one do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个？I prefer the yellow and brown one. 我喜欢那条棕黄色的（小花狗） the yellow and brown one 黄棕相间的8.prefer v.更喜欢 = like better prefer - preferred - preferred - preferring 1) prefer A to B = like A better than B比起A更喜欢B （A.B为名词） 2) prefer doing A to doing B = like doing A better than doing B 比起做B来更喜欢做Aeg. prefer dancing to singing 比起唱歌来更爱跳舞 3) prefer +名词 更喜欢。E.g. I prefer the black one. 我更喜欢黑色的那一只。9.save v.挽救 adj. safe 安全的 n. safety 安全 adv. safely 安全地10. sometimes 有时 some times 好几次 some time 一段时间 sometime adv.在某一时候11. unkind adj.不友善的 反义 kind be kind to sb. 对和蔼可亲 be unkind to sb. 对不友善12. save animals from danger 保护动物远离危险 be dangerous to对.危险13. help animals find their new homes帮助动物找到他们的新家 help sb. do sth. / help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事14. promise to take care of their new pets 承诺照顾他们的新宠物 promise v. 承诺 promise-promised-promised-promising-promises promise (not) to do sth. 承诺（不）做某事15. the vets in the clinic诊所的兽医 clinic n.诊所 vet n. 兽医16 .clinics for sick animals收治生病动物的诊所 sick animals生病的动物短语：1.give them a booklet to read给他们一些小册子看 booklet n.小册子2.take care of your new puppy 照顾你的新小狗take care of = look after = care for照顾，照看 care : n. 照顾，照料 take good care of = look after well 更好地照顾3. feed him/her 3-4 times every day. 每天为他 / 她三四次 time n.时间（不可数）； 次数 （可数）4. play with sb 和某人玩耍5.need to buy a lot of things for our puppies 需要为我们的小狗买许多东西 1）need to to sth 需要做某事 2）dont need to do sth.（need 作为实意动词） = neednt do sth. (need作为情态动词） = dont have to do sth. 不必做某事6. live with dogs in caves 和狗居住在山洞里 cave n. 山洞，洞穴7. Dogs guarded the caves and kept people safe from danger.狗守卫者洞穴，使人安全，免遭危险 1）guard the caves 守卫洞穴 guard v. 守卫，保卫 life guards 救生员 guard the houses 守卫房屋 2） keep people safe from danger 保护人们安全免受危险8. cross the road safely 安全地过马路 cross v. 穿过 across prep.介词 walk across= cross9. help people in many different ways在许多不同的方面帮助人们10. help the police catch thieves 帮助警方抓捕小偷 help sb do sth. police n. 警方（用作复数） thief n.小偷 catch thieves 抓小偷11. find missing people 找到失踪的人12. hunt animals for food 猎杀动物获取食物 hunt v. 猎取，猎杀 hunt for food 猎食13. on their farms 在他们的农场里I. Choose the best answer.(选择最恰当的答案)( ) 1. Dogs show the blind person when it is _ to start walking. A.save B. safe C. safety D. safely( ) 2.When the green light is on, you can go _ the street. A.across B. cross C.through D.though( ) 3.People _ dogs for millions of years A. has kept B.have kept C. keep D.to keep( ) 4.What should we do to _ animals safe from danger?A.keep B. hunt C. feed D.chew( ) 5.-How long_ he _ the sick cat? - For a week.A. did,look after B.does,look after C.are,looking after D.has,looked after( ) 6. Ive got many nice paper planes. Do you like that colourful_? A.one B. ones C. it D. ones( ) 7.In the past, dogs helped people _ animals for food. A.hunting B. hunt C.hunts D.hunted( ) 8.John kept the sick animals _ from danger last night.A. save B.safety C. safe D.safely( ) 9.We must not be _ to animals because they are our best friends.A.kind B. careful C. cruel D.friendly( ) 10.The SPCA is trying to _the animals _danger.A.protect, to B.provide, for C.keep, away D. save, fromII.Rewrite the following sentences as required.（根据要求改写句子）1. The SPCA takes care of animals in many countries.(保持句意相同)The SPCA animals in many countries.2. We should be kind to animals. (保持句意相同) We shouldnt _ _ to animals.3. He likes the white dog better than the black one. (保持句意相同) He _ the white dog _the black one.4. We must protect animals from danger. (保持句意相同) We must _ animals_danger.5.We love animals and animals love us. (保持句意相同) We and animals love .III. Choose the word from the brackets to complete the following sentences.1. At last, the policemen found the _(lose/lost) dog.2. To study maths well is very useful _（in/at）many ways.3.We must stop at the _(cross/crossing) when the red light is o