《高英上册Lesson》PPT课件.ppt

Lesson2 Hiroshima the Liveliest CityinJapan excerpts I Backgroundinformation Someimportantdates1938Munich 慕尼黑 Pact whichsacrificedCzechoslovakiatoGermanyAug 1939Gr andUSSRconcludedanon aggressionpactSept 1 1939HitlerinvadedPoland FranceandBritaindeclaredwaronGr immediately officiallybeginningWorldWarII Atthesametime USSRannexedLithuania 立陶宛 Latvia 拉脱维亚 andEstonia 爱沙尼亚 Jun 22 1941Gr invadedUSSRDec 7 1941JapanattackedPearlHarbor bringingtheUSintothewarSept 1943ItalysurrenderedMay 7 1945Gr surrenderedunconditionallyAug 6 1945thefirstA bombexplodedinHiroshimaAug 8 1945USSRdeclaredwaronJapanandoccupiedManchuria 满洲 东北的旧称 Aug 9 1945thedroppingofthesecondA bombonNagasaki 长崎 Aug 14 1945Japanannounceditssurrender AtomicBomb theexplosionproducesgreatamountsofheat ashockwaveandintenseradiation Theregionoftheexplosionbecomesradioactivelycontaminatedandradioactiveproductsmaybedepositedelsewhereasfallout BombardmentofHiroshima playaclipofvideoAt8 15a m onAugust6 1945 byorderofPresidentTruman thefirstAtomicbomb nicknamedLittleBoywasexplodedoverapointnearthecentreofHiroshima destroyingalmosteverythingwitharadiusof830 1 450meters Thedamagebeyondthisareawasconsiderable andover71 000peoplewerekilledinstantly Manymorelaterdiedofinjuriesandtheeffectsofradiation Casualtiesnumberednearly130 000 Survivorsarestilldyingofleukaemia 白血球过多症 白血病 血癌 perniciousanaemia 贫血 贫血症 andotherdiseasesinducedbyradiation Almost98 ofthebuildingsweredestroyedorseverelydamaged Post warHiroshima TheJapanesededicatedpost warHiroshimatopeace Adestroyedareanamed PeaceCity hasbeensetasideasamemorial APeaceParkwasbuilt Aspecialhospitalbuiltheretreatspeoplesufferingfromexposuretoradiationandconductsresearchintoitseffects AtomicBombDomeinPeaceMemorialPark Hiroshima Cenotaph 纪念碑 inPeaceMemorialPark Hiroshima Japan AtomicBombDomeisvisiblethroughthearch Psychologicalbackground BeliefsrootedintheJudeo Christiantraditiondictatethatonceonecommitsacrime onemustbeartheconsequencesforitaslongasonelives Orientalteachers ontheotherhand preachthatifoneadmitsone swrongs apologizesandatonesforthem onecanstartanew Tomanywesterners it sacrimefortheUStousetheA bomb andHiroshimaisasymbolofdeath ofwarcrime ofthehorrorofnuclearweapons Forexample oneofthepilotsoftheplanewhichcarriedtheLittleBoycommittedsuicideinthepostwaryears 1 Togetthestudentsknowtheauthor sattitudetowardsHiroshimaHewaspreoccupiedwithsomesadthoughts thecrimeoftheA bomb Hewastorturedbyaguiltyconscience 2 Tounderstandandcomprehendthecontradictionbetweenthesorrowfulmentalityoftheauthorandthehumorouslanguageofthetext 3 Tounderstandthepurposeofwritingandorganizationofthetext 4 Toreinforcesomebasiclinguisticknowledgebydoingvarioustypesofexercises 5 Tobeawareoftherhetoricaldevicesemployedtohelpconveytheauthor sideas Topicfordiscussion JapaneseinvadedChinaandcommittedmanyheinouscrimes Canyoumentionsome DoJapanesesufferfromthesameguiltyconsciousastheAmericanreporterdid Japan NationalName Nippon NihonGeography Fourmainislands Honshu 本州 Hokkaido 北海道 Kyushu 九州 andShikoku 四国 Area 371 857sq km Population 122 700 000 1988 Capital TokyoMonetaryunit YenGovernment Diet parliament consistsofahouseofRepresentativesof511memberselectedforfouryears andahouseofCouncillorsof252members halfofwhomelectedeverythreeyearsforsix yearterms ExecutivepowerisvestedintheCabinet whichisheadedbyaPrimeMinister nominatedbytheDietfromitsmembers II Typeofwriting Questions 1 WhyisTheLiveliestputinquotationmarks 2 Canyouguessthewriter soccupation andperhaps hisnationality Americanjournalistorreporter ChieflyAmerican cabdriver sidewalk store BritainEnglish taxidriver pavement NZ footpath department3 Whatdoyouthinkwastheaimofthevisitofthewriter s 4 Whatwastheauthor sattitudetowardsHiroshima 5 HowdotheJapanesethemselveslookatHiroshima Why III Structure SectionI HisarrivalinJapan SectionII TheJapanese thekimonoandtheminiskirt meetingthemayor GeneralImpression nosignsofthefirstatomicbombardment althoughtheauthorwastorturedbytheguiltyconscienceSectionIII atthehospital Manyofthepeopletheredobearvisibleandinvisiblescars itisnottheliveliestcity 1 Contradiction 2 Alivelyscene 3 Alivelyscene 4 Contradiction disappointment 5 Puzzledispelled 6 Correctnessofhisfeeling Detailedstudyofthetext Informationprovidedinthe1stparagraph 1 Hedidn tunderstandJapanese 2 Hewaspreoccupiedwithsomesadthoughts thecrimeoftheA bomb Hewastorturedbyaguiltyconscience 3 Theauthorwasonhisreportorialmission 4 Hiroshimawasnottheauthor sfirstassignment slip noticeitsdifferencewithslide glide friction Slide a whensomethingslidessomewhereorwhenyouslideitthere itmovestheresmoothlyoveroragainstsomething Sheslidthedooropen Islidthewalletintohispocket Tearswereslidingdownhischeeks b toslideintoaparticularmood attitude orsituationmeanstograduallystarttohavethatmood attitude orsituationoftenwithoutintendingto Shehadslidintoadepression Heneedsthemtostopthecountryslidingintochaos Slip a ifyouslip youaccidentallyslideandloseyourbalance involuntary Hehadslippedonanicypavement Becarefulnottoslip b ifsomethingslips itslidesoutofplaceoroutofyourhand withoutyourcontrol Hisglasseshadslipped c toslipto intoaparticularstateorsituationmeanstopassgraduallyintoit inawaythatishardlynoticed text Glide a ifyouglidesomewhere youmovesilentlyandinasmoothandeffortlessway Waitersglidebetweentightlypackedtablesbearingtraysofpasta elegance b whenbirdsoraeroplanesglide theyfloatonaircurrents Planeglideddowntotheairfield Sliptoastopvs Screechtoahalt lump amassofsth solidwithoutaspecialsizeorshapealumpoflead sugarBlackcoffee 2lumps please Shewasafraidwhenshefeltalumpinherleftbreast ahardswellingonthebody tohavealumpinone sthroat tohaveatightfeelinginthethroatbecausestrongemotion suchassorrow pity gratitude orexcitement etc 喉咙哽住 哽咽 Allduringherhusband sfuneral shehadalumpinherthroat John smotherhadalumpinherthroatathiscollegegraduation Iwaschokedwithemotion IwassoovercomethatIcouldnotspeakorthinkclearly onone smind onmymind troublingone sthoughts causinganxiety unhappiness Whenyouhavesth onyourmind youarecompletelypreoccupiedandobsessed Hisfailureweighsheavilyonhismind Hehasgottoomuchonhismindtoworryaboutyourproblem inone smind inone smind thinkabout thinkofIthinkIknowwhat sinyourmind Hermotherwasalwaysinhermind theveryactofsteppingonthissoil actandaction Actionrefersprimarilytotheprocessofacting acttotheresult thethingsdone Therescueofashipwreckedcrewisaheroicactionwhilethelaunchingofthelifeboat abraveact onthissoil onthisland onthisearth Apersoninexilecomesbacktohismotherland hekneelsdowntokissthesoil Hereitsuggeststheemotionoftheauthor HethinkshiscountryisresponsiblefortheA bombdestruction Heispreoccupied Hehasthefeelingofatoning 补偿 赎罪 forthecrime Appear Look andSeem Appear Look andSeemcanmeantobeasstatedinone svieworjudgement butnotnecessarilyafact Seemsuggestsanopinionbasedonsubjectiveimpressionratherthanobjectivesigns Heseemstired MyothervisitstoBeijingweretwentyyearsago Howwoulditseemaftersuchalongtime Lookimpliesthattheopinionisbasedonageneralvisualimpression Hislipslookedunnatural Helooksnervous AppearsuggestsadistortedimpressionHeappearednottohaveheardwhathadbeensaidabouthim Heappears seems lookstobe likeanhonestman Preoccupy preoccupation preoccupy tofillthethoughtsorholdtheinterestof tofillone smindcompletelysothatnotenoughattentionisgiventootherpresentmattersWhenheispreoccupiedwithhishobby hehasnoideaofwhatisgoingonaroundhim Iwastoopreoccupiedtohearthebell Hehadapreoccupiedlookonhisface asifsth wastroublinghim preoccupation extremeconcernforsth Readingishismainpreoccupation ItseemedtomethattheJapanesedidnothavethesameextremeconcernwhichisbotheringme Iwastotallyabsorbedintheconsiderationofthecrime buttheJapanesedidnotappeartobeso Mymindwascompletelyfilledwithsadthoughts Cf elderly old elderly approachingoldage pastmiddleage Ifonewishestobepoliteandrespectful onecandescribeoldpeopleaselderly anold elderlylady rubshoulderswith infml meetandmixwith people meetsbsociallyorprofessionally 同 往来Inhisjob he srubbingshoulderswithfilmstarsallthetime 他在工作中一直同电影明星有来往 Sherubbedshoulderswiththerich TheforeignvisitorssaidthattheywouldliketorubshoulderswithordinaryChinesepeople Oblivious oblivious beunawareof notnoticing unconsciousof lackingmindfulattentionTheirgovernmentisobliviousoftherightsofthegoverned Hewassopreoccupiedwiththebeautifulwomanhemetonthebusthathewasobliviousofthepickpocketbesideme Thetallbuildings ofthewheel ThetallbuildingsofthecitywherethefirstA bombhadbeendroppedpassedswiftlyandwhenthedrivermadeabruptchangesofdirection wesometimesswungtooneside sometimestotheothersideinresponsetotheswayingmotionofthecar screechtoahalt thetaxistoppedwithaharshpiercingsoundasthebrakesweresuddenlyappliedsliptoastop line3 p 12 cometoastopsmoothlyandeffortlessly etostop grind 磨得吱吱响 toastop halt ignorance lackofknowledge 无知 不知道 a Pleaseforgiveourignorance b Poverty diseaseandignoranceremainmajorworldproblems c Weareincompleteignoranceofhisplan Ignoranceisblissignorant adj Tobeignorantofsth isnottoknowit beignorantof e g a HeisquiteignorantofLatin b Shewasignorantofhispresence cf disregard neglectfailtodosth becauseofcarelessness e g a Youareneglectingyourwork duty b Thereisafactorwhichwemustcertainlynotneglect c Heneglectedtoreturnthebooktothelibrary d Don tneglecttolock locking thedoorwhenyouleave disregard totreatasnotworthyofnotice e g Wedisregardedthegossipandrumours adrift afloatwithoutcontrol drivenaboutbytheseaorwinda hasthemeaningof away from of in on etc aboard ontheboard ontheboatafire tosetsth onfireThehousewasafire afloat onwaterafoot onfootIcameafoot p 14 Thetraditionalfloatinghousesamonghighmodernbuildingsrepresenttheconstantstrugglebetweenoldtradition thetraditionalculture andnewdevelopment Westernstyle careful cautious Careful Ifyouarecareful yougiveserousattentiontowhatyouaredong inordertoavoidharm damage ormistakes becarefulwith money resources youuseorspendwhatisnecessary Youshouldbecarefulwithyourpocket money Cautious ifyouarecautious youactverycarefullyinordertoavoidpossibledangerorfailure Prospect prospect theideaofsomethingthatwillormighthappeninthefuture Theprospectofspendingthreewholedayswithherfillsmewithhorror I mveryexcitedattheprospectofseeingheragain Isthereanyprospectoftheweatherimproving possibility slay slew slain lit tokillormurder tokill esp violently toputtodeath ItisrarelyusedinspokenEnglish butitoftenoccursinwrittenEnglishtoconveyadramaticquality e g a CainslewhisbrotherAbel b AtruckdriverwasslainbytheterroristsinIraq cf kill Itissogeneralthatitmerelystatesthefact anddoesn thavemanyconnotations e g totakemedicinetokillthepainWhatyouhavesaidkilledmyhope tokilltimeThepresidentkilledtheproject murder tokillwithamotive aplaninadvanceThebanditsmurderedthemanforhismoney Accordingtothehistorianshemurderedhisrivalincoldblood assassinate kill espanimportantorfamousperson formoneyorforpoliticalreasonsaplottoassassinatethepresidentslaughter a kill ananimal usuforfoodb kill animalsorpeople inlargenumbers butcher a killandprepare animals formeatb derog kill peopleoranimals brutallyexecute kill sb asalegalpunishment e g Hewasexecutedforbankrobbery massacre cruelkillingofalargenumber ofpeopleoranimals Holocaust asituationinwhichthereisgreatdestructionandalotofpeopledieanuclearholocaustsuicide n killingoneselfintentionally commitsuicide Linger 1 lingerorlingeron tolastorcontinueforalongertime thanexpected Thesmelloffishlingeredinthekitchen lingerinthemind memory Hisfacelingeredinhermemory Tenyearslater thememorystilllingerson 2 tobealive althoughverysick foralongtimeafteryouseemedlikelytodie continuetolivealthoughyouareslowlydyingHesurprisedallthedoctorsbylingeringonforseveralweeks Helingeredonforseveralmonthsaftertheheartattack 3 tostaysomewherelongerorspendlongerdoingsomethingthannecessaryforyourownenjoymentorbenefit Iliketolingeroverbreakfastandreadthenewspapers Shelethereyeslingeronhim lingering Phrases alingeringillness久治不愈的疾病 顽疾依依不舍的最後一瞥 alastlingeringlook萦绕脑际的几点疑问afewlingeringdoubtsalingeringsenseofguilt耿耿於怀的愧疚感 Anticlimax atown forits oysters anticlimaxAnticlimax aneventorexperiencewhichcausesdisappointmentbecauseitislessexcitingthanwasexpectedorbecauseithappensimmediatelyafteramuchmoreinterestingorexcitingevent Inhibit yousaythatsomeoneisinhibited youmeantheyfinditdifficulttobehavenaturallyandshowtheirfeelings andthatyouthinkthisisabadthing tooembarrassedornervoustodoorsaywhatyouwant Boysareoftenmoreinhibitedthangirlsaboutdiscussingtheirproblems Thepresenceofpoliceofficersinhibitedthem Thismedicinewillinhibit 抑制 thespreadofthediseaseinhibitsbfromdoingsthStudentsmaybeinhibitedfromcomingtohimwiththeirproblems Restrained Restainsb sth fromsth doingsth holdbacksb sthfrommovementoraction keepsb sthundercontrolorincheck抑制或遏制某人 某事物 管制 约束 restrainone sanger laughter tears抑制住愤怒 笑声 眼泪restrainone snaturalurges impulses etc克制住欲望 冲动等Imustlearntorestrainmyself e g notsaywhatIthink 我得学会约束自己 Thepolicehaddifficultyinrestrainingthecrowdfromrushingontothepitch 警方难以阻止人群涌入球场 restrainedadjkeepingone sfeelings languageorbehaviourincheck controlled 感情 言语或行为 克制的 节制的 受到控制的 arestrainedrebuke protest discussion有节制的斥责 抗议 讨论Hewasfurious buthismannerwasveryrestrained 他十分恼火 但在态度上却很能克制 Retained keep hold save preserve Admit confess acknowledge admit ifyouadmitsth bad unpleasant orembarrassing youagree oftenreluctantly thatitistrue confess ifyouconfesssth thatyouareashamedof youadmitit E g Ishouldn tconfessthis butIdidononeoccasionforgeTony ssignature Confessusu appliestowhatonefeelstobewrong Ifyouconfesssth orconfesstosb Youadmitthatyouhavedonesth thatyoufeelashamedof orembarrassedabout Butadmitstressesreluctance orunwillingness Confession areligiousserviceatwhichapersontellshisfaultstoapriestacknowledge ifyouacknowledgeafactorasituation youacceptoradmitthatitistrueorthatitexists Inusage confessandadmitarealmostthesametoconfess admitthat toconfess admitone ssins errortoconfess admithatingsb toadmit confesstostealingtoconfess admitoneselftobebeaten demolish Demolishtocompletelydestroyabuilding Itimpliespullingorsmashingtopieces Whenusedinreferencetobuildingsorothercomplexstructures asofwood stone orsteel itimpliescompletewreckageandoftenaheapofruins housesdemolishedbyahurricaneTheautomobilewasdemolishedinacollisionwiththetrain Theoldprisonwasdemolishedin1890 Severalbuildingsweredestroyedbythebomb 2 toprovethatanideaoropinioniscompletelywrong Hedemolishedmyargumentinminutes Hisresearchhasbeenpainstaking andhedemolishesagreatmanylegends Smell smellof Smell ofsomething giveoutasmellof haveasmellofthespecifiedtype Thedinnersmellsgood Theflowersmellssweet Themeatsmellsofgarlic Yourbreathsmellsofbrandy smellof like Thiswinesmellslikestrawberries Spare Ifapersonoraplaceisspared theyarenotharmed althoughsomeonethreatenedthemorharmedotherpeopleorplaces tonothurtordestroysomethingorsomeone ThegreatcitiesoftheRhinelandhadnotbeenspared 伐木工人留下了几棵树没砍掉Thewoodmansparedafewtrees ThankGodwewerespared 得救了 逃过了一劫 请饶了我 一命 吧 Pleasespareme Theykilledthemenbutsparedthechildren 放过了 Spare somethingforsb sth Tobeabletoaffordtogive time money etc tosb forapurpose 提供 拨出 匀出 分出 目前我抽不出时间去度假Icannotsparethetimeforaholidayatthemoment 我能耽误你几分钟吗 Canyousparemeafewminutesofyourtime Canyousparemeafewlitersofpetrol acigaretteforme Spare asparekey tireWe vegotaspareroomifyouwanttostayovernightwithus Ifsomethingisspare itisavailabletousebecauseitisextra Wewillsparenoefforttofindoutwhodidthis sparenoeffort expense tousealotofeffort expense money etc todosomething toinfinitive Sheneversparedherselfinthepursuitofexcellence FORMALnotspareyourself totryashardasyoucantoachievesomething earthly earthly ofthisworldasopposedtoheaven materialworldasopposedtospiritual happeninginthematerialworldofourlifeonearthandnotinanyspirituallifeorlifeafterdeath theneedtoconfrontevilduringtheearthlylife Theylivedinanearthlyparadise earthlycare dailylifeandworries caresontheearthwhichisincontrastwiththatinheaven indeath care s Yourcaresareyourworries anxietiesorfearsLeanbackinahotbathandforgetallthecaresoftheday Johnsonseemedwithoutacareintheworld Countn p 17eachday earthlycares Sincethereisnohopeofmyrecovery onemoredayoflivingmeansonemoredayofsuffering Onemoredayofsufferingwouldbringmeclosertomydeath nearermydeath Eachdayoflingeringoninthisworldissuffering andeachdayofsufferingbringsmenearertodeath sotosomeextent itislucky soImakeanewluckybird p 17 我每多活一天 多受一天罪 也就是距脱离苦海的日子近一天 InvertedStructure 1 When only adverbials isputatthebeginningofasentenceOnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell Onlyaftertheaccidentdidhebecomecautious OnlyoncehaveIseenhim 2 negativewordslike never attheverybeginningofasentence Notinfrequentlydoesshegodowntown LittledidIknowthatshehadalreadyleft Never rarely scarcely not notoften innocircumstance bynomeans notonly noabit seldom hardly undernocircumstance innocase stillless Narration Thetellingofastory Agoodnarrationhasabeginning amiddleandanend Inanarrativewriting theactionsortheincidents eventsaregenerallypresentedinorderoftheiroccurrence followingthenaturaltimesequenceofthehappenings ItiscalledtobeinChronologicalorder Butitcanalsostartinthemiddleoratsomeotherpointintheactionandmovesbackwardtotheearlierhappenings Thisiscalledflashback WritingStyle Threebasiccomponentsinanarration a Plotb charactersc background a Plot theframeofthewriting whichconsistsofaseriesofevents Thereareusu oneorseveralclimaxes thehighestpointofthestory withsuspense conflicts toarousetheinterestoftheaudiences Aftertheclimaxisreached thestoryquicklymovestoaconclusion b Characters theleadingcharacteriscalledtheheroorprotagonist antagonist enemy c Background thetimeandplaceofthestoryTheplotusuallydominatesnarration however somenarrativesfocusoncharacterorthemeoratmosphere Topicsforreflection 1 Contrast descriptionoftheatmosphereandofhisownemotionAtmosphere lively happy vigorous cheerful etc Feelings Repentant Penitent Hiroshimasymbolizeswarcrime sin death terror etc 2 Humor bobupanddown thecabdriver spinalcolumnflexible Hiroshima oysters smallmanwithverylargeeye glasses hiseyesnearlyclosedbehindtheirthicklenses etc 3 Rhetoricaldevices 1 MetaphorIhadalumpinmythroatAt