阅读理解解题技巧学案

阅读理解解题技巧学案阅读理解解题技巧学案 提问形式提问形式 1 According to the passage who what which when Where why how how many how much how long How soon how often etc 2 According to the passage which of the following is true not true 3 According to the passage Which of the following is not mentioned 4 All of the following are true EXCEPT 5 In the passage the writer states that 6 Choose the best order in which the people do 例题例题 1 Hoover Dam lies A between Arizona and Nevada B in the Black Canyon C between New York and San Francisco D both A and B 原文 This huge dam is in the Black Canyon It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road which is on the top of the dam This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936 Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States Hoover Dam one of the highest dams in the world is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada 例例 2 Which of the following is NOT true 三正一误 A Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai B Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents C Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991 D Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia 原文 Miss Luo Lin Miss Asia of 1991 Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess Before she took part in the competition she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years However it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage dancing singing making up and other proper manners designed by the Asia TV Station 例例 3 According to scientists the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is A greenhouse gas emissions 散发 in industrialized nations B higher surface water temperatures of the sea C continuous global warmingD rising sea levels 原文 reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusaually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms 例例 4 Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not A agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions B sign an agreement with Tuvalu C allow Tuvaluans to move to the US D believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real 原文 Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions which are a main cause of global warming By refusing to sign the agreement the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluan to live there Laupepa told the BBC 例例 5 Jack London s last days were A usual ones B not poor ones C rich ones D unhappy ones 原文 Jack London was a famous American writer He burned himself out when he was 40 He thought of his mother Flora who had never been a very responsible person He was sure she was mentally ill and that he was becoming like her At last he became too tired to care He would not work and continued to spend money he did not have He would not change his life or his writing perhaps he could not 例例 6 You have to pay at least a year if you study at the University of Waikato A 5 250 B 8 000 C 9 000 D 11 000 原文 Tuition Fees 学费 Tuition fees are different from department to department generally from 5 000 to 6 000 a year For further information tui waikato ac nz Accommodation 住宿 You can have a room in a 4 bedroom flat which will cost about 100 a month with other regular living costs of about 150 a month for one person For further information acc waikato ac nz 提问方式 提问方式 1 The word in Line means can be best replaced by 2 As used in the passage the phrase suggests 3 From the passage we can infer that the word phrase is refers to 4 The word is closest in meaning to 技巧技巧 1 根据解释确定词义根据解释确定词义 1 Social mobility is the movement from one class or level of living to another 2 The other questioned the veracity the truthfulness of these reports 3 He is a resolute man once he sets up a goal he will not give it up easily 4 He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats swallowing fire and other similar tricks 技巧二技巧二 根据对比确定词义根据对比确定词义 1 In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way Now however everything seems to be in a state of turmoil 技巧三技巧三 根据逻辑确定词义根据逻辑确定词义 1 If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired then you are indefatigable 技巧四 根据上下文情景确定词义 The underlined phrase mopping up in the second paragraph means A cleaning up B taking in C wiping out D giving out 原文 Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year 综合练习综合练习 Try to do the following exercises 根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义 1 The offspring of a pair of birds leave the nest when they are big enough to fly A children B ancestors C generations D mates 2 There is a stack of papers on Mr Green s desk A piece B balance C mixture D pile 3 Before you buy something check the quality first For example if it is cheap it might not be good A how good it is B what the color is C what the size is D how big it is 4 Please give me your recipe for this cake so I can make it too A a dish B directions for cooking C a meal D directions to your house 5 Before a baby learns to walk it has to crawl on the floor A walk on two feet B fly C sit in a chair D move on the hands and knees 6 Mr Brown is an amateur photographer He is an engineer But in his free time he likes to take pictures A as a hobby B for money C as a job D as work 7 This small Christmas tree is made of plastic It is not a real tree It is artificial A beautiful B not natural C for a special holiday D in an art museum 8 whales and elephants are gigantic animals No other animals can compare with them in size A small B land C sea D Huge 9 The kiwi lays the largest eggs in the world The strange thing about the kiwi is that it cannot fly A a kind of fish B a kind of cat C a kind of rock D a kind of bird 10 Some Africans carve beautiful human and animal figures out of wood They sell their carvings to stores and museums A draw B beat C heat D Cut 11 Chicken pox can be very serious for a child who is not in good health The child develops red spots and feels hot and uncomfortable A healthy child gets well quickly A a kind of animal B a kind of food C a kind of childhood disease D a lack of pure water 12 Ali showed the class a picture of him his wife and their baby Pierre s family has lived in the east of Canada for two hundred years Their ancestors came from France A family members from a long time ago B grandparents and their grandchildren C parents grandparents and great grandparents D family members all living at the same time 常见问题形式常见问题形式 1 It can be inferred concluded from the passage that 2 The passage suggests implies that 3 By the first sentence of the second paragraph the author means 4 We can conclude that 5 When the writer talks about what he really means is that 6 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage 解题技巧解题技巧 1 不选择照抄原文的选项 要选择要有同义词解释的选项 2 不选事实细节选项 3 不选非事实选项 4 选概括性 哲理性的选项 例 1 1 The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought A she was young B it a pleasure to make friends with her C she was beautiful D it strange for her to fall in love with him 2 The waitress said hello to the writer every day because A she lived near his house B he often went to visit her mother C she wanted to be friendly with him D she loved him very much 原文 When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day I was very happy She was at least fifteen years younger than I One day she signed me to come near When I walked over she asked Are you single Why yes I answered smiling at her happily So is my mother she said Would you like to meet her 例 2 1 Why do people put hot metal in water A To make it hard B To make it soft C To make it cool D To make it brittle 2 In annealing the required hardness of metal depends on A the quantity of water used B the temperature of the metal C the softness of the metal D the timing of the operation 3 As suggested by the text how can glass be made less brittle A It can be heated and then cooled quickly B It can be cooled and then heated slowly C It can be heated and then cooled slowly D It can be cooled and then heated quickly 原文 Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly for example by dipping 浸 it in water it will be very hard but also very brittle that is it will break easily Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished by annealing it The metal is heated and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly the softer it becomes Annealing can also be used on other material such as glass 题型说明题型说明 理解作者的观点和态度题 既考查学生对字面意思的理解 也考查学生对作者 写作目的 态度 观点等的理解 正确理解作者的写作意图 所持的观点及阐述文章主题时语气或他对所论述的对象的态度 假如你是作者 你为什么要写本文 问题形式问题形式 1 The writer s purpose in writing this story is 2 The text discusses men and women 50 000 years from now in order to show that 必备素材必备素材 辨认三种作者使用的表达情感 态度及观点的词汇 以及承接上下文的连接词 贬义 disgust critical negative tolerant disappointment 褒义 positive wonder support useful interesting enthusiasm admiring 中立 indifferent impassive uninterested ambivalent neutral apathetic disinterested 例 1 The author appears modern advertising A to like B to be indifferent to C to dislike D to know how to deal with 原文 One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is of course the voice of the advertisers It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers waves to us from every page of the newspaper signals to us from the roadside bill boards all day and flashes to us in colored lights all night 例二 The writer uses the example of ocelots to show that A wild animals have become more dangerous B the driving conditions have improved greatly C the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work D an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents Millions of animals die each year on U S roads the Federal Highway Administration reports In fact only about 80 ocelots an endangered wild cat exist in the U S today The main reason Roadkill 问指代问指代 1 The word everything in paragraph 2 means 2 What does the underlined word in paragraph 4 refer to 问文章出处问文章出处 前文 后续前文 后续 1 The passage is most likely to be taken from 2 The passage is most likely a part of 3 The passage is most likely to be taken from the article entitled 4 What may be talked about before the first paragraph after the last paragraph 5 The paragraph following the passage will probably discuss 一一 如何做主旨大意题如何做主旨大意题 做此类题目时 首先要搞清的是问某一段还是全文的大意 可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉 进行综合归纳 概括文章的主题 如有标题 标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息 另外 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的 因此 许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复 出现的中心词 即高频词 也叫做主题词 抓住了它 便容易抓住文章的中心 二二 提问方式提问方式 标题类常见的题型标题类常见的题型 1 The best title headline for this passage might be 2 The text passage could be entitled 3 What is the best title for the passage 4 Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage 大意类常见题型大意类常见题型 1 This passage chiefly deals with 2 What s the topic of the article 3 What is the subject discussed in the text 4 With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned 目的主旨大意常见题型目的主旨大意常见题型 The author s main purpose in writing the passage is The passage is meant to The purpose of this article is 三 主题句呈现的形式三 主题句呈现的形式 A 文首文首 提出主题提出主题 随之用细节来解释随之用细节来解释 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想 最常见的最常见的 演绎法写作方式 演绎法写作方式 例 1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer Besides the most serious and terrible disease illness cancer cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems For example it can give one a smoker s cough Finally studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer cancer smoking is harmful Is it worth it 例 2 The panda is a popular animal Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops B 文尾文尾 在表述细节后在表述细节后 归纳要点归纳要点 印象印象 结论建议或结果结论建议或结果 以概括主题以概括主题 这是英语中最常这是英语中最常 见的归纳法写作方式 见的归纳法写作方式 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent On the other hand nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal And the man who knows everything may really only be trying to hide his own weakness So it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance C 文中文中 通常前面只提出问题 通常前面只提出问题 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中 导出导出 而后又作进一步的解释而后又作进一步的解释 支撑或发展 支撑或发展 If you were planning to buy a television set the following advertisement would